Exosomes as mediators of intercellular crosstalk in metabolism

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(9), P. 1744 - 1762

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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A review of the regulatory mechanisms of extracellular vesicles-mediated intercellular communication

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 13, 2023

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound structures that released from cells into the surrounding environment. These can be categorized as exosomes, microvesicles, or apoptotic vesicles, and they play an essential role in intercellular communication. attracting significant clinical interest offer potential for drug delivery, disease diagnosis, therapeutic intervention. To fully understand regulation of communication through EVs, it is to investigate underlying mechanisms. This review aims provide a summary current knowledge on communications involved EV targeting, binding, uptake, well factors influence these interactions. include properties cellular environment, recipient cell. As field EV-related continues expand techniques improve, we expect uncover more information about this complex area, despite limitations our knowledge.

Language: Английский

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Exploiting the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles for bioengineering and therapeutic cargo loading

Molecular Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(5), P. 1231 - 1250

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining increasing attention for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in various diseases. These natural nanoparticles benefit from favorable safety profiles unique biodistribution capabilities, rendering them attractive drug-delivery modalities over synthetic analogs. However, the widespread use of EVs is limited by technological shortcomings biological knowledge gaps that fail to unravel their heterogeneity. An in-depth understanding biogenesis crucial unlocking full potential. Here, we explore how about EV can be exploited bioengineering load protein or nucleic acid cargos into onto EVs. We summarize more than 75 articles discuss findings on formation composition exosomes microvesicles, revealing multiple pathways may stimulation and/or cargo dependent. Our analysis further identifies key regulators loading this integrated develop engineered biotherapeutics.

Language: Английский

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In sickness and in health: The functional role of extracellular vesicles in physiology and pathology in vivo

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Previously thought to be nothing more than cellular debris, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now known mediate physiological and pathological functions throughout the body. We understand about their capacity transfer nucleic acids proteins between distant organs, interaction of surface with target cells, role vesicle-bound lipids in health disease. To date, most observations have been made reductionist cell culture systems, or as snapshots from patient cohorts. The heterogenous population produced vivo likely act concert both beneficial detrimental effects. EVs play crucial roles pathogenesis diseases, cancer neurodegenerative disease, well maintenance system organ homeostasis. This two-part review draws on expertise researchers working field EV biology aims cover functional physiology pathology. Part I will outline normal physiology.

Language: Английский

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Seminal Plasma: Relevant for Fertility?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(9), P. 4368 - 4368

Published: April 22, 2021

Seminal plasma (SP), the non-cellular component of semen, is a heterogeneous composite fluid built by secretions testis, epididymis and accessory sexual glands. Its composition, despite species-specific anatomical peculiarities, consistently contains inorganic ions, specific hormones, proteins peptides, including cytokines enzymes, cholesterol, DNA RNA-the latter often protected within epididymis- or prostate-derived extracellular vesicles. It beyond question that SP participates in diverse aspects sperm function pre-fertilization events. The also interacts with various compartments tubular genital tract, triggering changes gene prepares for an eventual successful pregnancy; thus, it ultimately modulates fertility. Despite these concepts, imperative to remember SP-free spermatozoa (epididymal washed ejaculated) are still fertile, so this review shall focus on differences between vivo roles following semen deposition female those regarding additions handled artificial reproduction, cryopreservation, from insemination vitro fertilization. This attempts, our own results model animal species, critically summarize current knowledge reproductive played components, particularly which increasingly affected infertility. ultimate goal reconcile delicate balance molecular concentration their concerted effects after temporal exposure vivo. We aim appraise functions relevance as diagnostic biomarkers value additives refine strategies, biotechnologies, livestock models humans.

Language: Английский

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Platelet membrane and stem cell exosome hybrids enhance cellular uptake and targeting to heart injury

Nano Today, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 39, P. 101210 - 101210

Published: June 8, 2021

Language: Английский

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Exosome-Based Drug Delivery: Translation from Bench to Clinic

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 2042 - 2042

Published: July 29, 2023

Exosome-based drug delivery is emerging as a promising field with the potential to revolutionize therapeutic interventions. Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles released by various cell types, have attracted significant attention due their unique properties and natural ability transport bioactive molecules. These nano-sized vesicles, ranging in size from 30 150 nm, can effectively variety of cargoes, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids. Compared traditional systems, exosomes exhibit biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, reduced toxicity. In addition, be designed tailored improve targeting efficiency, cargo loading capacity, stability, paving way for personalized medicine precision therapy. However, despite exosome-based delivery, its clinical application remains challenging limitations exosome isolation purification, efficiency insufficient targeted rapid elimination circulation. This comprehensive review focuses on transition bench clinic, highlighting key aspects, such structure biogenesis, methods, surface engineering techniques, applications. It also discusses challenges prospects this field.

Language: Английский

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AS1411 aptamer-functionalized exosomes in the targeted delivery of doxorubicin in fighting colorectal cancer

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 155, P. 113690 - 113690

Published: Sept. 12, 2022

Severe side effects of chemotherapy agents on vital organs are the major causes cancer-related mortality, not merely cancer disease. Encapsulating chemotherapeutic molecules in nanocarriers is a justifiable solution decreasing risk their and boosting efficiency treatment. The present study has developed doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded AS1411 (anti-nucleolin) aptamer surface-functionalized exosome (DOX-Apt-Exo) to treat colorectal both in-vitro in-vivo experimental models. HEK293-derived exosomes were loaded with DOX through incubation method nearly 13% encapsulation efficiency. Afterwards, 5-terminal carboxyl group AS1411-aptamer was converted into amine-reactive NHS esters EDC/NHS amide coupling chemistry before being conjugated amine groups surface. DLS TEM estimated designed formulation size about 200 nm. Aptamer-binding affinity cellular uptake DOX-Apt-Exo by nucleolin-overexpressing cells depicted fluorescence microscopy. Comparing cytotoxicity impact DOX-loaded exosomes, either targeted or non-targeted MTT assay, clearly verified high effectiveness ligand-receptor mediated target therapy. Subsequently, experiments which conducted four ectopic mouse models colon (5 each group) demonstrated tumor growth suppression professional long-term accumulation retention at site interaction. results suggested that aptamer-functionalized can be recommended as safe effective system site-specific drug delivery possible clinical applications cancer.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Novel Insights and Perspectives on Lung Cancer from Early Detection to Targeted Treatment

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 123 - 123

Published: Jan. 7, 2024

Lung cancer demands innovative approaches for early detection and targeted treatment. In addressing this urgent need, exosomes play a pivotal role in revolutionizing both the treatment of lung cancer. Their remarkable capacity to encapsulate diverse range biomolecules, traverse biological barriers, be engineered with specific targeting molecules makes them highly promising diagnostic markers precise drug delivery cells. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis exosomal content biogenesis offers crucial insights into molecular profile tumors. This knowledge holds significant potential development therapies strategies Despite notable progress field, challenges standardization cargo loading persist. Collaborative research efforts are imperative maximize advance field precision medicine benefit patients.

Language: Английский

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Plant-derived exosomes: a green approach for cancer drug delivery

Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 2236 - 2252

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Plant-derived exosomes (PDEs) show promising potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent against cancer, owing their multiple advantages such low toxicity, biocompatibility, availability, affordability, etc.

Language: Английский

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