Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 7898 - 7898

Published: April 26, 2023

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions associated with the risk diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). closely related to obesity. Increased adiposity promotes inflammation oxidative stress, which are precursors various complications involving metabolic components, namely insulin resistance, hypertension, hyperlipidemia. An increasing number studies confirm importance stress chronic in etiology syndrome. However, few have reviewed mechanisms underlying role contributing In this review, we highlight by reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase mitochondrial dysfunction, protein damage, lipid peroxidation, impair antioxidant function Biomarkers can be used disease diagnosis evaluation severity.

Language: Английский

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Interactions with Microbial Proteins Driving the Antibacterial Activity of Flavonoids

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 660 - 660

Published: May 5, 2021

Flavonoids are among the most abundant natural bioactive compounds produced by plants. Many different activities have been reported for these secondary metabolites against numerous cells and systems. One of interesting is certainly antimicrobial, which stimulated through various molecular mechanisms. In fact, flavonoids effective both in directly damaging envelope Gram-negative Gram-positive bacteria but also acting toward specific targets essential survival microorganisms. The purpose this paper to present an overview results obtained research focused on study interactions between bacterial proteins. Despite great structural heterogeneity plant metabolites, it observe that many affect same cellular pathways. Furthermore, evident some interact with more than one target, producing multiple effects. Taken together, data demonstrate potential developing innovative systems, can help address increasingly serious problem antibiotic resistance.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Food Proteins

Molecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 1343 - 1343

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

Recently, the demand for food proteins in market has increased due to a rise degenerative illnesses that are associated with excessive production of free radicals and unwanted side effects various drugs, which researchers have suggested diets rich bioactive compounds. Some functional compounds present foods antioxidant antimicrobial peptides, used produce promote health reduce consumption antibiotics. These peptides been obtained from sources proteins, such as agri-food by-products, via enzymatic hydrolysis microbial fermentation. Peptides properties exert effective metal ion (Fe2+/Cu2+) chelating activity lipid peroxidation inhibition, may lead notably beneficial promoting human processing. Antimicrobial small oligo-peptides generally containing 10 100 amino acids, net positive charge an amphipathic structure; they most important components antibacterial defense organisms at almost all levels life—bacteria, fungi, plants, amphibians, insects, birds mammals—and natural neutralize toxicity reactive oxygen species generated by antibiotics stress exogenous sources. This review discusses what are, their source, production, some bioinformatics tools obtainment, emerging technologies, benefits.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative stress: The nexus of obesity and cognitive dysfunction in diabetes

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 3, 2023

Obesity has been associated with oxidative stress. Obese patients are at increased risk for diabetic cognitive dysfunction, indicating a pathological link between obesity, stress, and dysfunction. can induce the biological process of stress by disrupting adipose microenvironment (adipocytes, macrophages), mediating low-grade chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction (mitochondrial division, fusion). Furthermore, be implicated in insulin resistance, inflammation neural tissues, lipid metabolism disorders, affecting diabetics.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Link between Obesity and Atrial Fibrillation

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 117 - 117

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

The adipose tissue has long been thought to represent a passive source of triglycerides and fatty acids. However, extensive data have demonstrated that the is also major endocrine organ directly or indirectly affects physiological functions almost all cell types. Obesity recognized as risk factor for multiple systemic conditions, including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, cardiovascular disorders, many others. Obesity-related changes in induce functional structural cardiac myocytes, promoting wide range atrial fibrillation (AF). Due wealth epidemiologic linking AF obesity, mechanisms underlying occurrence obese patients are an area rich ongoing investigation. progress somewhat slowed by complex phenotypes both obesity AF. triad inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction critical pathogenesis setting via proarrhythmic at level atria. aim this paper provide comprehensive view close relationship between obesity-induced clinical implications these mechanistic insights discussed.

Language: Английский

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Curcumin and Weight Loss: Does It Work?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 639 - 639

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Obesity is a global health problem needing urgent research. Synthetic anti-obesity drugs show side effects and variable effectiveness. Thus, there tendency to use natural compounds for the management of obesity. There considerable body knowledge, supported by rigorous experimental data, that polyphenols, including curcumin, can be an effective safer alternative managing Curcumin important compound present in Curcuma longa L. rhizome. It lipophilic molecule rapidly permeates cell membrane. has been used as pharmacological traditional medicinal agent Ayurvedic medicine ∼6000 years. This plant metabolite doubtless effectiveness reported through increasingly detailed vitro, vivo clinical trials. Regarding its biological effects, multiple health-promoting, disease-preventing even treatment attributes have remarkably highlighted. review documents status research on mechanisms evaluates curcumin summarizes different action, associated with enzymes, energy expenditure, adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, gut microbiota anti-inflammatory potential curcumin. However, still need systematic targeted studies before mainstream therapy

Language: Английский

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Anthocyanins in Chronic Diseases: The Power of Purple

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 2161 - 2161

Published: May 23, 2022

Anthocyanins are mainly purple-coloured phenolic compounds of plant origin that as secondary metabolites important in survival. Understanding their health benefits humans requires sourcing these unstable sufficient quantities at a reasonable cost, which has led to improved methods extraction. Dark-coloured fruits, cereals and vegetables current sources compounds. The range potential sustainable is much larger includes non-commercialised native plants from around the world agri-waste containing anthocyanins. In last 5 years, there have been significant advances developing therapeutic anthocyanins chronic human diseases. exert beneficial effects through improvements gut microbiota, oxidative stress inflammation, modulation neuropeptides such insulin-like growth factor-1. Their include reduced cognitive decline; protection organs liver, well cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract kidneys; bone obesity; regulation glucose lipid metabolism. This review summarises some mechanisms treatment

Language: Английский

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The Effect of β-Carotene, Tocopherols and Ascorbic Acid as Anti-Oxidant Molecules on Human and Animal In Vitro/In Vivo Studies: A Review of Research Design and Analytical Techniques Used

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1087 - 1087

Published: Aug. 7, 2022

Prolonged elevated oxidative stress (OS) possesses negative effect on cell structure and functioning, is associated with the development of numerous disorders. Naturally occurred anti-oxidant compounds reduce in living organisms. In this review, antioxidant properties β-carotene, tocopherols ascorbic acid are presented based vitro, vivo populational studies. Firstly, environmental factors contributing to OS occurrence intracellular sources Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, as well ROS-mediated cellular degradation, introduced. Secondly, enzymatic non-enzymatic mechanism defence against development, presented. Furthermore, ROS-preventing mechanisms effectiveness anti-oxidants summarized, studies where different ROS-generating (oxidizing) agents used. Oxidative biomarkers, indicators level prevention by supplementation, a focus methods (spectrophotometric, fluorometric, chromatographic, immuno-enzymatic) their detection. Finally, application Raman spectroscopy imaging tool for monitoring (β-carotene, acid) metabolism, proposed. Literature data gathered suggest that possess potential mitigate various biological systems. Moreover, can be valuable technique study molecules

Language: Английский

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Advance in the pharmacological effects of quercetin in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation related disorders

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(11), P. 4999 - 5016

Published: July 25, 2023

Abstract Numerous pharmacological effects of quercetin have been illustrated, including antiinflammation, antioxidation, and anticancer properties. In recent years, the antioxidant activity has extensively reported, in particular, its impacts on glutathione, enzyme activity, signaling transduction pathways, reactive oxygen species (ROS). Quercetin also demonstrated to exert a striking antiinflammatory effect mainly by inhibiting production cytokines, reducing expression cyclooxygenase lipoxygenase, preserving integrity mast cells. By regulating oxidative stress inflammation, which are regarded as two critical processes involved defense regular physiological operation biological systems, validated be effective treating variety disorders. Symptoms these reactions linked degenerative metabolic disorders, syndrome, cardiovascular, neurodegeneration, cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite that evidence demonstrates antioxidants employed prevent excessive inflammatory processes, there still concerns regarding expense, accessibility, side agents. Notably, natural products, especially those derived from plants, widely accessible, affordable, generally safe. this review, abilities active ingredient application stress‐related disorders outlined detail.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation, Mitochondria and Natural Compounds Together in the Circle of Trust

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 6106 - 6106

Published: March 24, 2023

Human diseases are characterized by the perpetuation of an inflammatory condition in which levels Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) quite high. Excessive ROS production leads to DNA damage, protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation, conditions that lead a worsening disorders. In particular, compromised mitochondria sustain stressful cell, such mitochondrial dysfunctions become pathogenic, causing human disorders related reactions. Indeed, triggered inflammation loses its beneficial properties turns harmful if dysregulation not addressed. Thus, reducing oxidative stress with scavenger compounds has proven be successful approach inflammation. Among these, natural compounds, polyphenols, alkaloids coenzyme Q

Language: Английский

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