COVID-19 and tuberculosis: the double whammy of respiratory pathogens

European Respiratory Review, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(164), P. 210264 - 210264

Published: April 13, 2022

Prior to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), tuberculosis (TB) was the worst killer among infectious diseases. The union of these two obnoxious respiratory diseases can be devastating, with severe public health implications. COVID-19 pandemic has affected all TB-elimination programmes due burden on healthcare systems and diversion funds attention towards controlling pandemic. emerging data show that caused a marked decrease in case notifications bacille Calmette–Guérin immunisations, ultimately promoting transmission increasing susceptible population. similarity between clinical characteristics TB adds complications, evidence immune dysregulation both cases leading consequences. Clinical suggests acute syndrome 2 infection predisposes patients or may lead reactivation latent disease. Similarly, underlying worsen COVID-19. Treatment options are limited COVID-19; therefore, using immunosuppressive immunomodulatory regimens modulate concomitant bacterial interaction anti-TB drugs requires caution. Thus, considering synergistic impact diseases, it is crucial manage combat syndemic

Language: Английский

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Potential Adverse Effects of Dexamethasone Therapy on COVID-19 Patients: Review and Recommendations

Infectious Diseases and Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 1907 - 1931

Published: July 22, 2021

In the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, global healthcare community has raced to find effective therapeutic agents against severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To date, dexamethasone is first and an important significantly reduce risk death in COVID-19 patients with disease. Due powerful anti-inflammatory immunosuppressive effects, could attenuate SARS-CoV-2-induced uncontrolled cytokine storm, distress lung injury. Nevertheless, treatment a double-edged sword, as numerous studies have revealed that it significant adverse impacts later life. this article, we reviewed literature regarding effects administration on different organ systems well related pathogenesis attempt clarify potential harms may arise receiving treatment. Overall, taking threat COVID­19 pandemic into account, think necessary apply pharmaceutical therapy critical patients. However, its side cannot be ignored. Our review will help medical professionals prognosis follow-up treated dexamethasone. addition, given considerable amount uncertainty, confusion even controversy still exist, further more clinical trials are urgently needed improve our understanding parameters SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Language: Английский

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TB and COVID-19: An Exploration of the Characteristics and Resulting Complications of Co-infection

Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 1, 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) and Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) infection are two respiratory diseases that of particular concern epidemiologically. is one the oldest recorded in history mankind dating back thousands years. It estimated approximately quarter world's population infected with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (LTBI). This contrasts COVID-19, which emerged late 2019. Data continues to accumulate become available on this pathogen, but long-term side effect fibrotic damage COVID-19 patients evokes parallels between novel coronavirus its ancient bacterial affiliate. similarity as well several others may incite inquiries whether coinfection individuals TB severe acute syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lead excessive fibrosis lungs thus emergence an active infection. While it understood how leads structural immunological lung complications including granuloma formation, fibrosis, T cell exhaustion, less known about disease course when SARS-CoV-2 present. Past present research demonstrate IL-10, TNF-α, IFN class I-III, TGF-β, IL-35, Regulatory cells (T-regs) all important contributors characteristics host response mycobacterium tuberculosis. has also been noted current I, II, III, ACE-2, T-regs virus different ways than they pathogen. Both pathogens unbalanced inflammatory immune response, together a shared dysregulation suggests increased risk severity progression both diseases. We have reviewed 72 manuscripts years 1992 2021. The pertaining SARS-COV-2 specifically from 2020 Our literature review aims explore biomolecular effects these pathogenicity along publications TB/COVID-19 coinfection, focusing TB, challenges treating during pandemic. compiled material will then aid latticework foundation knowledge for future leading hopeful improved system therapeutic strategies coinfection.

Language: Английский

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Long‐term risk of herpes zoster following COVID‐19: A retrospective cohort study of 2 442 686 patients

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(4)

Published: April 1, 2023

Abstract The long‐term risk of herpes zoster (HZ) after recovery from a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is unclear. This retrospective cohort study assessed the HZ in patients following COVID‐19 diagnosis. retrospective, propensity score‐matched was based on multi‐institutional research network TriNetX. incident with compared that those not infected during 1‐year follow‐up period. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) its subtypes were calculated. identified 1 221 343 without diagnoses matched baseline characteristics. During period, had higher (HR: 1.59; CI: 1.49–1.69). In addition, control group patients, ophthalmicus 1.31; 1.01–1.71), disseminated 2.80; 1.37–5.74), other complications 1.46; 1.18–1.79), 1.66; 1.55–1.77). Kaplan–Meier curve analysis (log‐rank p < 0.05) results indicated remained significantly COVID‐19. Finally, non‐COVID‐19 consistent across subgroup analyses regardless vaccine status, age, or sex. within 12‐month period who recovered group. result highlights importance carefully monitoring this population suggests potential benefit for

Language: Английский

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Co-infection: Prevalence, fatality, and treatment considerations

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. e0012136 - e0012136

Published: May 13, 2024

Background Tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 co-infection poses a significant global health challenge with increased fatality rates adverse outcomes. However, the existing evidence on epidemiology treatment of TB-COVID remains limited. Methods This updated systematic review aimed to investigate prevalence, rates, outcomes co-infection. A comprehensive search across six electronic databases spanning November 1, 2019, January 24, 2023, was conducted. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist assessed risk bias included studies, meta-analysis estimated relative risk. Results From 5,095 studies screened, 17 were included. prevalence reported in 38 countries or regions, both high low TB areas. Prevalence estimates approximately 0.06% West Cape Province, South Africa, 0.02% California, USA. Treatment approaches for displayed minimal evolution since 2021. Converging findings from diverse underscored hospitalization risks, extended recovery periods, accelerated mortality compared single cases. pooled rate among co-infected patients 7.1% (95%CI: 4.0% ~ 10.8%), slightly lower than previous estimates. In-hospital faced mean 11.4% 5.6% 18.8%). in-hospital 0.8 (95% CI, 0.18–3.68) versus COVID patients. Conclusion is increasingly prevalent worldwide, gradually declining but remaining higher alone. underscores urgency continued research understand address challenges posed by

Language: Английский

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Comorbidity-associated glutamine deficiency is a predisposition to severe COVID-19

Cell Death and Differentiation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(12), P. 3199 - 3213

Published: Oct. 18, 2021

SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations have greatly reduced COVID-19 cases, but we must continue to develop our understanding of the nature disease and its effects on human immunity. Previously, suggested that a dysregulated STAT3 pathway following SARS-Co-2 infection ultimately leads PAI-1 activation cascades pathologies. The major COVID-19-associated metabolic risks (old age, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity) share high levels could predispose certain groups severe complications. In this review article, describe common profile is shared between all these high-risk COVID-19. This not only involves as previously described, also includes low glutamine NAD+, coupled with overproduction hyaluronan (HA). exacerbates imbalance predisposes patients pathophysiologies COVID-19, including involvement NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps) HA in lung. While hyperinflammation due proinflammatory cytokine has been frequently documented, it recently recognized immune response markedly suppressed some cases by expansion activity MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) FoxP3+ Tregs (regulatory T cells). metabolomics profiles advanced cancer are similar, patients, aberrant activation, which promotes cancer-like metabolism. We propose deficiency overproduced central characteristic groups. suggest usage supplementation repurposing drugs prevent development pneumonia.

Language: Английский

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Role of Dexamethasone and Methylprednisolone Corticosteroids in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalized Patients: A Review

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 15, 2022

The WHO announced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic globally on March 11, 2020, after it emerged in China. emergence of COVID-19 has lasted over year, and despite promising vaccine reports that have been produced, we still long way to go until such remedies are accessible everyone. immunomodulatory strategy kept at the top priority for research agenda COVID-19. Corticosteroids used modulate immune response wide range diseases last 70 years. These drugs shown avoid reduce inflammation tissues bloodstream through non-genomic genomic effects. Now, use corticosteroids increased chance survival relief by combating viral strong inflammatory impacts moved forefront management patients seeking supplemental oxygen. goal this review is illuminate dexamethasone methylprednisolone, i.e., terms their chemical physical properties, role suffering from pneumonia, proposed mode action COVID-19, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical outcomes immunocompromised populations with interaction other drugs, contradiction explore trends perspectives future research. Literature was searched scientific databases Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, PubMed, books preparation review. RECOVERY trial, massive, multidisciplinary, randomized, open-label mainly accountable recommendations usage patients. methylprednisolone form medication anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-allergic characteristics, including ability inhibit system. also recommended treating symptoms multiple ailments rheumatic autoimmune diseases, leukemia, myeloma, Hodgkin's non-Hodgkin's lymphoma along drugs. Toxicology studies proved them safe usually low dosage via oral or routes.

Language: Английский

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A Computational Approach Identified Andrographolide as a Potential Drug for Suppressing COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Storm

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 24, 2021

Background The newly identified betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that killed more than 3.5 million people till now. cytokine storm induced in severe COVID-19 patients causes hyper-inflammation, primary reason for respiratory and multi-organ failure fatality. This work uses a rational computational strategy to identify existing drug molecules target host pathways reduce storm. Results We used “ response signature network ” consist 36 genes by infection associated with In order attenuate storm, potential were searched against “host network” . Our study molecule andrographolide, naturally present medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata , has bind crucial proteins block TNF-induced NFkB1 signaling pathway responsible patients. molecular docking method showed binding andrographolide TNF covalent pathway. Conclusion approach repurpose drugs targeting immunomodulating pathways. suggests could proteins, patients, warrant further experimental validation.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and Fungal infections: a double debacle

Microbes and Infection, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 105039 - 105039

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Tuberculosis and COVID-19: A combined global threat to human civilization

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15, P. 101031 - 101031

Published: March 27, 2022

A new era has begun with the discovery of SARS-CoV-2 in a seafood market Wuhan, China. The outbreak wreaked havoc on health systems and generated worldwide attention. world's attention was diverted from treatment leading chronic infectious illness, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. similarities performance two species had obvious repercussions. Administrative efforts to combat have weakened tuberculosis control chain. As result, progress against slowed. Thus, goal this review is examine impact SARS- CoV-2 public issue:

Language: Английский

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