Advances in human oxytocin measurement: challenges and proposed solutions

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(1), P. 127 - 140

Published: Aug. 23, 2022

Oxytocin, a neuropeptide known for its role in reproduction and socioemotional processes, may hold promise as therapeutic agent treating social impairments patient populations. However, research has yet to uncover precisely how manipulate this system clinical benefit. Moreover, inconsistent use of standardized validated oxytocin measurement methodologies-including the design study hormone secretion biochemical assays-present unresolved challenges. Human studies measuring peripheral (i.e., plasma, saliva, or urine) central cerebrospinal fluid) concentrations have involved very diverse methods, including different assay techniques, further compounding problem. In present review, we describe scientific value human endogenous concentrations, common issues analysis that researchers face when doing so, our recommendations improving using valid reliable methodologies.

Language: Английский

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Leptin Increases: Physiological Roles in the Control of Sympathetic Nerve Activity, Energy Balance, and the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2684 - 2684

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

It is well established that decreases in plasma leptin levels, as with fasting, signal starvation and elicit appropriate physiological responses, such increasing the drive to eat decreasing energy expenditure. These responses are mediated largely by suppression of actions hypothalamus, most notably on arcuate nucleus (ArcN) orexigenic neuropeptide Y neurons anorexic pro-opiomelanocortin neurons. However, question addressed this review whether effects increased levels also significant long-term control balance, despite conventional wisdom contrary. We focus leptin’s (in both lean obese individuals) decrease food intake, increase sympathetic nerve activity, support hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis, particular attention sex differences. elaborate obesity-induced inflammation its role altered during obesity.

Language: Английский

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How does oxytocin modulate human behavior?

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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Advances in sarcopenia: mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and intervention strategies

Archives of Pharmacal Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(4), P. 301 - 324

Published: April 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Microbial stimulation of oxytocin release from the intestinal epithelium via secretin signaling

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Intestinal microbes impact the health of intestine and organs distal to gut. Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a human intestinal microbe that promotes normal gut transit, anti-inflammatory immune system, wound healing, social behavior in mice, prevents bone reabsorption. Oxytocin impacts these functions oxytocin signaling required for L. reuteri-mediated healing behavior; however, events leading stimulation beneficial effects are unknown. Here we report evolutionarily conserved production epithelium through analysis single-cell RNA-Seq datasets imaging mouse tissues. Moreover, organoids produce oxytocin, demonstrating sufficient oxytocin. We find facilitates secretion from tissue organoids. Finally, demonstrate by dependent on hormone secretin, which produced enteroendocrine cells, while itself enterocytes. Altogether, this work demonstrates secreted enterocytes response secretin stimulated reuteri. This thereby identifies as an provides mechanistic insight into avenues promote host health.

Language: Английский

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Understanding oxytocin in human physiology and pathophysiology: A path towards therapeutics

Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19, P. 100242 - 100242

Published: May 28, 2024

•Oxytocin is a multifaceted hypothalamic-pituitary hormone involved in energy homeostasis, mental health, and bone metabolism.•Oxytocin deficiency deficit states hypopituitarism associated with worse health health.•Oxytocin modulates appetitive neurocircuitry, improves impulse control, reduces food intake humans.•Defining the oxytocin system human physiology pathophysiology could lead to novel therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Crosstalk between Schizophrenia and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Oxytocinergic Dysfunction

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(13), P. 7092 - 7092

Published: June 25, 2022

The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in persons with schizophrenia has spurred investigational efforts to study the mechanism beneath its pathophysiology. Early psychosis dysfunction is present across multiple organ systems. On this account, may be a multisystem disorder which one system predominantly affected and where other systems are also concurrently involved. Growing evidence overlapping neurobiological profiles risk factors psychiatric symptoms, such as an association cognitive dysfunction, altered autonomic nervous regulation, desynchrony resting-state default mode network, shared genetic liability, suggest that connected via common pathways central pathogenesis, underpinned by oxytocin dysfunction. Oxytocin, hormone involves mechanisms food intake homeostasis, partly explain piece puzzle underlying association. Given prosocial anorexigenic properties, been administered intranasally investigate therapeutic potential obesity. Although pathophysiology oxytocinergic both complex it still too early draw conclusion upon, yield new mechanistic insight into pathogenesis treatment.

Language: Английский

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The oxytocin system and early‐life experience‐dependent plastic changes

Journal of Neuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(11)

Published: Oct. 6, 2021

Abstract Early‐life experience influences social and emotional behaviour in adulthood. Affiliative tactile stimuli early life facilitate the development of behaviour, whereas early‐life adverse have been shown to increase risk various diseases later life. On other hand, oxytocin has organizational actions during stages. However, detailed mechanisms effects remain unclear. Here, we review affiliative neonatal period treatment on activity oxytocin–oxytocin receptor system or Both acutely activate brain but modulate anxiety‐related apparently an opposite direction Accumulating evidence suggests that exogenous application stages induce higher adulthood, although are dependent experimental procedures, sex, dosages regions examined. stressful appear reduced system, possibly leading It is possible activation a specific can beneficial against maltreatments thus could be used for developmental psychiatric disorders.

Language: Английский

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Peptides in the regulation of glucagon secretion

Peptides, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 148, P. 170683 - 170683

Published: Nov. 5, 2021

Glucose homeostasis is maintained by the glucoregulatory hormones, glucagon, insulin and somatostatin, secreted from islets of Langerhans. Glucagon body's most important anti-hypoglycemic hormone, mobilizing glucose glycogen stores in liver response to fasting, thus maintaining plasma levels within healthy limits. secretion regulated both circulating nutrients, hormones neuronal inputs. Hormones that may regulate glucagon include locally produced but also urocortin-3, amylin pancreatic polypeptide, outside pancreas glucagon-like peptide-1 2, peptide tyrosine oxyntomodulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic neurotensin ghrelin, as well hypothalamic arginine-vasopressin oxytocin, calcitonin thyroid. Each these have distinct effects, ranging regulating blood glucose, appetite, stomach emptying rate intestinal motility, which makes them interesting targets for treating metabolic diseases. Awareness regarding potential effects on since secretory abnormalities could manifest hyperglycemia or even lethal hypoglycemia. Here, we review each individual hormone secretion, their interplay, how treatments aimed at modulating influence glycemic control.

Language: Английский

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The mechanism of oxytocin and its receptors in regulating cells in bone metabolism

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 9, 2023

Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide known to affect social behavior and cognition. The epigenetic modification of the oxytocin receptor (OTR) via DNA methylation stimulates parturition breast milk secretion inhibits craniopharyngioma, cancer, ovarian cancer growth significantly as well directly regulates bone metabolism in their peripheral form rather than central form. OT OTR can be expressed on marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts (OB), osteoclasts (OC), osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes. OB synthesize under stimulation estrogen paracrine–autocrine regulator for formation. OT/OTR, estrogen, feed-forward loop through mediation. osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OPG)/receptor activator nuclear kappa-B ligand (RANKL) signaling pathway crucially required exert anti-osteoporosis effect. Downregulating expression resorption markers upregulating morphogenetic protein, could increase BMSC activity promote differentiation instead It also stimulate mineralization by motivating translocation into nucleus. Moreover, inducing intracytoplasmic Ca 2+ release nitric oxide synthesis, regulate OPG/RANKL ratio bidirectional regulatory effect OC. Furthermore, osteocytes which helps mass improve microstructure. This paper reviews recent studies role regulating reference clinical use research based reliable effects.

Language: Английский

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