Sex differences in markers of oxidation and inflammation. Implications for ageing

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 211, P. 111797 - 111797

Published: March 1, 2023

Sexual dimorphism is a key factor to consider in the ageing process given impact that it has on life expectancy. The oxidative-inflammatory theory of states result establishment oxidative stress which, due interplay immune system, translates into inflammatory stress, and both processes are responsible for damage loss function an organism. We show there relevant gender differences number markers propose they may account differential lifespan between sexes, males display, general, higher oxidation basal inflammation. In addition, we explain significant role circulating cell-free DNA as marker inductor inflammation, connecting having potential become useful marker. Finally, discuss how changes take place differentially with each sex, which could also have sex-differential lifespan. Further research including sex essential variable needed understand grounds better comprehend itself.

Language: Английский

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Bridging biological cfDNA features and machine learning approaches

Trends in Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(4), P. 285 - 307

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Liquid biopsies (LBs), particularly using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), are expected to revolutionize precision oncology and blood-based cancer screening. Recent technological improvements, in combination with the ever-growing understanding of cell-free (cfDNA) biology, enabling detection tumor-specific changes extremely high resolution new analysis concepts beyond genetic alterations, including methylomics, fragmentomics, nucleosomics. The interrogation a large number markers complexity data render traditional correlation methods insufficient. In this regard, machine learning (ML) algorithms increasingly being used decipher disease- tissue-specific signals from cfDNA. Here, we review recent insights into biological ctDNA features how these incorporated sophisticated ML applications.

Language: Английский

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The Circulating Biomarkers League: Combining miRNAs with Cell-Free DNAs and Proteins

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 3403 - 3403

Published: March 17, 2024

The potential of liquid biopsy for the prognosis and diagnosis diseases is unquestionable. Within evolving landscape disease diagnostics personalized medicine, circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) stand out among biomarkers found in blood circulation other biological fluids due to their stability, specificity, non-invasive detection biofluids. However, complexity human limitations inherent single-marker highlight need a more integrative approach. It has been recently suggested that multi-analyte approach offers advantages over single-analyte diseases. In this review, we explore combining three well-studied classes biofluids—miRNAs, DNAs, proteins—to enhance accuracy efficacy monitoring. Initially, provide an overview each biomarker class discuss main disadvantages highlighting superiority c-miRNAs biomarkers. Additionally, challenges future directions integrating these into clinical practice, emphasizing standardized protocols further validation studies. This integrated revolutionize precision medicine by offering insights mechanisms, facilitating early detection, guiding therapeutic strategies. collaborative power with represents promising frontier comprehensive understanding management complex Nevertheless, several must be addressed before can translated practice.

Language: Английский

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Neutrophils and the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(17), P. 13469 - 13469

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

We are not entirely able to understand, assess, and modulate the functioning of immune system in clinical situations that lead a systemic inflammatory response. In search for diagnostic treatment strategies (which still far from perfect), it became very important study pathogenesis participation endogenous inflammation mediators. This attempts more precisely establish role neutrophils individual phenomena occurring during an anti-inflammatory reaction, taking into account their cidal, immunoregulatory, reparative abilities. Pro- anticoagulatory properties endothelium response syndrome (SIRS) emphasised, along with resulting implications (the application immunotherapy using mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) or IL-6 antagonists sepsis COVID-19 treatment, among others). Special attention is paid reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by activated “respiratory burst” course SIRS; protective pathogenic these mediators highlighted. Moreover, clinically useful biomarkers SIRS (neutrophil extracellular traps, cell-free DNA, DAMP, TREMs, NGAL, miRNA, selected cytokines, ROS, recognised markers endothelial damage group adhesins means immunohistochemical techniques) related presented, diagnosing forecasting sepsis, burn disease, emphasised. Finally, examples immunomodulation antioxidative thermal injury therapy presented.

Language: Английский

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Liquid Biopsy in the Clinical Management of Cancers

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(16), P. 8594 - 8594

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Liquid biopsy, a noninvasive diagnosis that examines circulating tumor components in body fluids, is increasingly used cancer management. An overview of relevant literature emphasizes the current state liquid biopsy applications care. Biomarkers particularly DNA (ctDNA), RNAs (ctRNA), cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and other components, offer promising opportunities for early diagnosis, treatment selection, monitoring, disease assessment. The implementation precision medicine has shown significant potential various types, including lung cancer, colorectal breast prostate cancer. Advances genomic molecular technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) have expanded utility enabling detection somatic variants actionable alterations tumors. also demonstrated predicting responses, monitoring minimal residual (MRD), assessing heterogeneity. Nevertheless, standardizing techniques, interpreting results, integrating them into clinical routine remain challenges. Despite these challenges, implications management, offering dynamic approach to understanding biology guiding personalized strategies.

Language: Английский

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Cell-Free Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA as Potential Biomarkers for Assessing Sepsis Severity

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 933 - 933

Published: April 23, 2024

Sepsis continues to be a significant public health challenge despite advances in understanding its pathophysiology and management strategies. Therefore, this study evaluated the value of cell-free nuclear DNA (cf-nDNA) mitochondrial (cf-mtDNA) for assessing severity prognosis sepsis. Ninety-four patients were divided into three groups: infection (n = 32), sepsis 30), septic shock 32). Plasma samples collected at time diagnosis, cfDNA concentrations determined by qPCR assay. The results showed that plasma levels increased with disease. To distinguish between those sepsis, biomarker L1PA290 achieved highest AUC 0.817 (95% CI: 0.725–0.909), demonstrating sensitivity 77.0% specificity 79.3%. When cf-nDNA was combined SOFA score, there improvement (0.916 (0.853–0.979)), (88.1%), (80.0%). Moreover, admitted ICU after being diagnosed had significantly higher concentrations. In ICU, combining score yielded an 0.753 (0.622–0.857), 95.2% 50.0%. can differentiate It also identify who are likely predicting indications intensive care, suggesting potential as

Language: Английский

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Inflammation: a matter of immune cell life and death

npj Biomedical Innovations., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: March 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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Cell-free DNA as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for adult sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Nov. 10, 2023

Although cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is an emerging sepsis biomarker, the use of cfDNA, especially as diagnostic and prognostic indicators, has surprisingly not been systemically analyzed. Data adult patients with that conducted cfDNA measurement within 24 h admission was collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Cochrane Library until October 2022. The Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) Assessment Diagnostic Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tools were used to reduce risk biased assessment. mean difference (MD) concentration standardized (SMD) between populations calculated using Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4.1 package software. Pooled analysis 18 included studies demonstrated increased serum levels when compared healthy control (SMD = 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46-1.57) or non-sepsis intensive care unit (ICU) 1.03; CI 0.65-1.40), respectively. Meanwhile, a slight decrease statistical value observed ICU SIRS 0.74; 0.41-1.06). lower also survivors non-survivors at 1.43; 95%CI 0.69-2.17) pooled area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.76 (95% 0.64-0.87) for mortality prediction. Levels showed sensitivity 0.81 0.75-0.86) specificity 0.72 0.65-0.78) odd ratio (DOR) 25.03 5.48-114.43) identification critically ill conditions. significantly higher being helpful indicator conditions sepsis. Nevertheless, results test must be interpreted carefully context all clinical situations.

Language: Английский

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Cell-free DNA in patients with sepsis: long term trajectory and association with 28-day mortality and sepsis-associated acute kidney injury

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 13, 2024

Outcome-prediction in patients with sepsis is challenging and currently relies on the serial measurement of many parameters. Standard diagnostic tools, such as serum creatinine (SCr), lack sensitivity specificity for acute kidney injury (AKI). Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which can be obtained from liquid biopsies, potentially contribute to quantification tissue damage prediction mortality sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI). We investigated clinical significance cfDNA levels a predictor 28-day mortality, occurrence SA-AKI initiation renal replacement therapy (RRT) sepsis. Furthermore, we long-term course survivors at 6 12 months after onset. Specifically, measured mitochondrial (mitochondrially encoded NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1, mt-ND1, mitochondrially cytochrome C oxidase subunit III, mt-CO3) nuclear (nuclear ribosomal protein S18, n-Rps18) 81 healthy controls all available samples 150 intensive care unit 3 ± 1 days, 7 2 Our analysis revealed that, day 3, had elevated (mt-ND1, n-Rps18, p<0.001) decreased phase non-survivors (16%) higher (all p<0.05) compared (84%). Patients without p<0.05). Cell-free was also significantly increased requiring RRT All parameters improved AUC SCr predicting (AUC=0.88) well APACHE II (AUC=0.86). In summary, could improve risk models The predictive value cfDNA, even single onset sepsis, offer significant advantage over conventional methods that require repeated measurements or baseline assessment. Considering our data show decrease first insult, future studies investigate "memoryless" marker thus bring further innovation complex field diagnostics.

Language: Английский

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Electrochemical cytosensors for non-invasive liquid biopsy: detection procedures and technologies for circulating tumor cells

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 267, P. 116818 - 116818

Published: Sept. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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