The Molecular Biology of Placental Transport of Calcium to the Human Foetus

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 383 - 383

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

From fertilisation to delivery, calcium must be transported into and within the foetoplacental unit for intracellular signalling. This requires very rapid, precisely located Ca2+ transfers. In addition, from around eighth week of gestation, increasing amounts routed directly maternal blood foetus bone mineralisation through a flow-through system, which does not impact concentration. These different processes are mediated by numerous membrane-sited channels, transporters, exchangers. Understanding mechanisms is essential direct interventions optimise foetal development postnatal health protect mother pre-eclampsia. Ethical issues limit availability human tissue study. Our insight placental handling advancing rapidly, enabled developing genetic, analytical, computer technology. Because their diverse sources, reports new findings scattered. review aims pull data together highlight areas uncertainty. Areas needing clarification include trafficking, membrane expression, recycling channels transporters in microvilli; metabolism vitamin D gestational diabetes pre-eclampsia; vascular effects increased endothelial Orai expression pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoproteins PSG1 PSG9.

Language: Английский

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Role of the placenta in developmental programming: Observations from models using large animals

Animal Reproduction Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 257, P. 107322 - 107322

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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Developmental Programming of Fertility in Cattle—Is It a Cause for Concern?

Animals, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(19), P. 2654 - 2654

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

Cattle fertility remains sub-optimal despite recent improvements in genetic selection. The extent to which an individual heifer fulfils her potential can be influenced by fetal programming during pregnancy. This paper reviews the evidence that a dam's age, milk yield, health, nutrition and environment pregnancy may programme permanent structural physiological modifications fetus. These alter morphology body composition of calf, postnatal growth rates, organ structure, metabolic function, endocrine function immunity. Potentially important organs affected include ovaries, liver, pancreas, lungs, spleen thymus. Insulin/glucose homeostasis, somatotropic axis hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal all permanently reprogrammed pre-natal environment. changes act directly at level ovary influence fertility, but most actions are indirect. For example, calf timing puberty, age structure first calving, ability balance production with health after calving have impact on reproductive potential. Definitive experiments quantify any these effects do particularly challenging cattle, as animals their management both very variable lifetime takes many years assess. Nevertheless, is compelling some compromised events happening before they born. Calf phenotype birth conception data nulliparous should therefore assessed avoid such being used herd replacements.

Language: Английский

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Maternal Mineral Nutrition Regulates Fetal Genomic Programming in Cattle: A Review

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 593 - 593

Published: April 26, 2023

Maternal mineral nutrition during the critical phases of fetal development may leave lifetime impacts on productivity an individual. Most research within developmental origins health and disease (DOHaD) field is focused role macronutrients in genome function programming developing fetus. On other hand, there a paucity knowledge about micronutrients and, specifically, minerals regulating epigenome livestock species, especially cattle. Therefore, this review will address effects maternal dietary supply from embryonic to postnatal To end, we draw parallel between findings our cattle model with data animals, cell lines, species. The coordinated different elements feto-maternal genomic regulation underlies establishment pregnancy organogenesis ultimately, affects functioning metabolically important tissues, such as liver, skeletal muscle, importantly, placenta. Through review, delineate key regulatory pathways involved based its crosstalk epigenomic

Language: Английский

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Whole-body microbiota of newborn calves and their response to prenatal vitamin and mineral supplementation

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 26, 2023

Early life microbial colonization and factors affecting patterns are gaining interest due to recent developments suggesting that early microbiome may play a role in Developmental Origins of Health Disease. In cattle, limited information exists on the anatomical sites involved bovine health beyond gastrointestinal tract. Here, we investigated 1) initial seven different locations newborn calves 2) whether these communities 3) serum cytokine profiles influenced by prenatal vitamin mineral (VTM) supplementation. Samples were collected from hoof, liver, lung, nasal cavity, eye, rumen (tissue fluid), vagina beef born dams either received or did not receive VTM supplementation throughout gestation (n = 7/group). Calves separated immediately after birth fed commercial colostrum milk replacer until euthanasia at 30 h post-initial feeding. The microbiota all samples was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing qPCR. Calf subjected multiplex quantification 15 cytokines chemokines. Our results indicated colonized site-specific microbiota, whose community structure differed ruminal-associated (0.64 ≥ R2 0.12, p ≤ 0.003). ruminal fluid only one treatment (p < 0.01). However, differences 0.05) detected richness (vagina); diversity (ruminal tissue, fluid, eye); composition phylum genus level vagina); total bacterial abundance (eye vagina). From evaluated, concentration chemokine IP-10 greater 0.02) compared control calves. Overall, our suggest upon birth, whole-body relatively rich, diverse, communities. Noticeable observed ruminal, vaginal, ocular response These findings can derive future hypotheses regarding body sites, maternal micronutrient consumption as factor influence colonization.

Language: Английский

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Paternal effects on fetal programming

Animal Reproduction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(2)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Paternal programming is the concept that environmental signals from sire's experiences leading up to mating can alter semen and ultimately affect phenotype of resulting offspring. Potential mechanisms carrying paternal effects offspring be associated with epigenetic signatures (DNA methylation, histone modification non-coding RNAs), oxidative stress, cytokines, seminal microbiome. Several opportunities exist for sperm/semen influenced during development; these are within testicle, epididymis, or accessory sex glands. Epigenetic sperm impacted pre-natal pre-pubertal periods, sexual maturity advancing sire age. Sperm susceptible alterations as dictated by their developmental stage at time perturbation, plasma likely have both dependent independent on Research using rodent models has revealed many factors including over/under nutrition, dietary fat, protein, ingredient composition (e.g., macro- micronutrients), exercise, exposure drugs, alcohol, endocrine disruptors all elicit responses evident in phenotype. livestock species also age, fertility level, plane heat stress induce epigenetic, cytokine, microbiome profiles and/or plasma. In addition, recent findings pigs, sheep, cattle indicated blastocysts post-fertilization some continuing into post-natal life Our research group focused understanding common management scenarios nutrition growth rates bulls rams subsequent outcomes. Understanding implication imperative short-term feeding decisions potential impact productivity profitability our herds generations come.

Language: Английский

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Dietary carbohydrates: Pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets to obesity‐associated metabolic syndrome

BioFactors, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 48(5), P. 1036 - 1059

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common feature in obesity, comprising cluster of abnormalities including abdominal fat accumulation, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, leading to diabetes cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Intake carbohydrates (CHO), particularly sugary diet that rapidly increases blood glucose, triglycerides, pressure levels the predominant determining factor MetS. Complex CHO, on other hand, are stable source energy taking longer time digest. In particular, resistant starch (RS) or soluble fiber an excellent prebiotics, which alter gut microbial composition, turn improves metabolic control. Altering maternal CHO intake during pregnancy may result child developing Furthermore, lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity combination with dietary habits synergistically influence gene expression by modulating genetic epigenetic regulators transforming childhood obesity into adolescent disorders. This review summarizes pathophysiology MetS connection nature intrauterine nutrition, predisposition, factors, advanced treatment approaches; it also emphasizes how act key element pathogenesis future therapeutic targets

Language: Английский

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One-carbon metabolite supplementation increases vitamin B12, folate, and methionine cycle metabolites in beef heifers and fetuses in an energy dependent manner at day 63 of gestation

Journal of Animal Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract One-carbon metabolites (OCM) are and cofactors which include folate, vitamin B12, methionine, choline that support methylation reactions. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects moderate changes in maternal body weight gain combination with OCM supplementation during first 63 d gestation beef cattle on (1) B12 folate concentrations serum (2) cycle intermediates fetal liver, allantoic fluid (ALF), amniotic (AMF) (3) involved one-carbon metabolism related metabolic pathways liver. Heifers either intake restricted (RES) fed lose 0.23 kg/d, or 0.60 kg/d (CON). Supplemented (+ OCM) heifers given injections weekly rumen-protected methionine daily, while non-supplemented (-OCM) saline injections. These two treatments combined a 2 × factorial arrangement resulting 4 treatments: CON-OCM, CON + OCM, RES-OCM, RES OCM. Samples serum, ALF, AMF collected at slaughter day gestation. Restricted nutrition most notably increased (./ ≤ 0.05) concentration 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cystathionine liver; conversely, restriction decreased (P = Supplementing intermediates, ALF 5-methyltetrahydrofolate concentration, altered 0.02) other liver including S-adenosylmethionine, dimethylglycine, Glutathione reduced, glutathione oxidized, taurine, serine, sarcosine, pyridoxine. data demonstrate was effective increasing status. Furthermore, these similar previously published literature where also affected Altering status both dam fetus could impact developmental outcomes production efficiencies. Lastly, metabolite abundance is highly regulated, although required maintain homeostasis may program postnatally.

Language: Английский

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Can early weaning in the previous lactation of beef cows affect the metabolism and postnatal development of female offspring?

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

We aimed to compare the effects of early (EW; 150 days) or conventional (CW; 240 weaning during pregnancy on postnatal metabolism, development, and productive performance female calves born from secondiparous (SEC) multiparous (MULT) cows. Fifty-five Nelore were used: 25 EW cows (10 SEC, 15 MULT) 30 CW (15 MULT). From 90 days, received creep-feed (5g/kg body weight [BW]). After weaning, maintained pastures 10 g/kg BW supplement until 16 months (mo). 12 mo, heifers evaluated every 28 ± 3 days for BW, condition score (BCS), average daily gain (ADG), calculated measurements. Carcass traits (ribeye area [REA], backfat thickness [BFT], rump fat [RFT]) assessed by ultrasound, blood samples collected serum concentration IGF-I, leptin, plasma glucose. At 5 14 a subgroup 22 (n = CW) was selected liver biopsy evaluate gene expression IGF-I, IGFBP, GHR. No interactions observed between dam parity, strategy, time BCS, ADG, REA, glucose (P > 0.1). A significant effect < 0.05) indicated increased LMA, BFT, RTF over time. Heifers MULT 2.67 kg heavier 13 mo than SEC 0.04). Dam parity affected BCS 0.01); had greater group. For carcass traits, interaction 0.04) in that EW-SEC presented lower deposition EW-MULT heifers. IGF-I 1.4-fold 0.01) at mo. IGFBP expression, × 0.05), with showing 1.8-fold In conclusion, applied dams previous lactation did not affect subsequent offspring's metabolic parameters, except reduction weaned.

Language: Английский

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Optimal amino acid system for early embryo development in sows based on response surface methodology and high-throughput screening cell models

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 24, 2025

Abstract Background Early embryo development plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcomes, postnatal development, and lifelong health. Therefore, the strategic selection of functional nutrients to enhance is paramount importance. In this study, we established stable porcine trophectoderm cell line expressing dual fluorescent reporter genes driven by CDX2 TEAD4 gene promoter segments using lentiviral transfection. Results Three amino acid metabolites—kynurenic acid, taurine, tryptamine—met minimum z-score criteria 2.0 for both luciferase Renilla activities were initially identified as potential metabolites with their beneficial effects validated qPCR. Given that are closely related methionine, arginine, tryptophan, selected these three acids, lysine standard, employed response surface methodology combined our high-throughput screening model efficiently screen optimize combination conducive early development. The optimized candidate system included (1.87 mmol/L), methionine (0.82 tryptophan (0.23 arginine (3 ratio 1:0.43:0.12:1.60. vitro experiments confirmed enhances expression key involved embryonic improves adhesion. Transcriptomic analysis blastocysts suggested regulating cycle differentiation, well improving nutrient absorption. Furthermore, based on methodology, 400 sows used verify system, substituting more cost-effective N -carbamoyl glutamate (NCG), precursor arginine. optimal dietary requirement was predicted be 0.71% lysine, 0.32% 0.22% 0.10% NCG during gestation. feed, derived from peripheral release essential found 1:0.45:0.13, which largely consistent results obtained optimization. Subsequently, furtherly verified significantly increased total litter size, live size weight sows. Conclusions summary, successfully dual-fluorescent efficient identification would promote implantation. This innovative approach overcomes limitations traditional nutrition studies sows, providing effective enhancing reproductive outcomes.

Language: Английский

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