Plant breeding advancements with “CRISPR-Cas” genome editing technologies will assist future food security

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 13, 2023

Genome editing techniques are being used to modify plant breeding, which might increase food production sustainably by 2050. A product made feasible genome is becoming better known, because of looser regulation and widespread acceptance. The world’s population supply would never have increased proportionally under current farming practices. development plants has been greatly impacted global warming climate change. Therefore, minimizing these effects crucial for agricultural that sustainable. Crops more resilient abiotic stress sophisticated practices a understanding the response mechanism. Both conventional molecular breeding create viable crop types both processes time-consuming. Recently, breeders shown an interest in approaches genetic manipulation use clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9). To ensure security future, kinds with desired traits must be developed. completely new era begun revolution based on CRISPR/CRISPR-associated nuclease (Cas9) systems. All may effectively target particular gene or group loci using Cas9 single-guide RNA (sgRNA). CRISPR/Cas9 can thereby save time labor compared methods. An easy, quick, efficient method directly altering sequences cells CRISPR CRISPR-Cas9 system, was developed from components earliest known bacterial immune allows targeted breakage variety cells/RNA guide endonuclease cleavage specificity system. Editing directed practically any genomic site (gRNA) sequence delivering it cell along endonuclease. We summarize recent research findings, investigate potential applications make predictions about likely future breakthroughs through

Language: Английский

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Green Revolution to Gene Revolution: Technological Advances in Agriculture to Feed the World

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 1297 - 1297

Published: May 12, 2022

Technological applications in agriculture have evolved substantially to increase crop yields and quality meet global food demand. Conventional techniques, such as seed saving, selective breeding, mutation breeding (variation breeding), dramatically increased production, especially during the 'Green Revolution' 1990s. However, newer issues, limited arable lands, climate change, ever-increasing demand, pose challenges agricultural production threaten security. In following 'Gene era, rapid innovations biotechnology field provide alternative strategies further improve yield, quality, resilience towards biotic abiotic stresses. These include introduction of DNA recombinant technology genome editing transcription activator-like effector (TALEN), zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated (CRISPR/Cas) systems. acceptance future these modern tools rely on regulatory frameworks governing their development various countries. Herein, we examine evolution technological agriculture, focusing motivations for introduction, technical challenges, possible benefits concerns, genetically engineered product production.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9 Technology and Its Utility for Crop Improvement

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(18), P. 10442 - 10442

Published: Sept. 9, 2022

The rapid growth of the global population has resulted in a considerable increase demand for food crops. However, traditional crop breeding methods will not be able to satisfy worldwide future. New gene-editing technologies, most widely used which is CRISPR/Cas9, may enable improvement traits. Specifically, CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology involves use guide RNA and Cas9 protein that can cleave genome at specific loci. Due its simplicity efficiency, system rapidly become tool editing animal plant genomes. It ideal modifying traits many plants, including crops, creating new germplasm materials. In this review, development system, underlying mechanism, examples genes important crops are discussed. Furthermore, certain limitations potential solutions described. This article provide researchers with information regarding improvement, breeding, gene functional analyses.

Language: Английский

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Sustaining yield and nutritional quality of peanuts in harsh environments: Physiological and molecular basis of drought and heat stress tolerance

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 8, 2023

Climate change is significantly impacting agricultural production worldwide. Peanuts provide food and nutritional security to millions of people across the globe because its high nutritive values. Drought heat stress alone or in combination cause substantial yield losses peanut production. The stress, addition, adversely impact quality. exposed drought at reproductive stage are prone aflatoxin contamination, which imposes a restriction on use peanuts as health also trade. A comprehensive understanding physiological molecular levels may accelerate development tolerant productive cultivars adapted given system. Significant progress has been achieved towards characterization germplasm for tolerance, unlocking basis identifying significant marker-trait associations well major QTLs candidate genes associated with after validation be deployed initiate marker-assisted breeding abiotic adaptation peanut. proof concept about transgenic technology add value demonstrated. Advances phenomics artificial intelligence timely cost-effective collection phenotyping data large germplasm/breeding populations have discussed. Greater focus needed research tolerance suits technological innovations now available breeders toolbox enhance productivity quality harsh environments. holistic approach that considers heat-tolerant traits simultaneously address both stresses could successful strategy produce climate-resilient genotypes improved

Language: Английский

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CRISPR-Cas: A robust technology for enhancing consumer-preferred commercial traits in crops

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

The acceptance of new crop varieties by consumers is contingent on the presence consumer-preferred traits, which include sensory attributes, nutritional value, industrial products and bioactive compounds production. Recent developments in genome editing technologies provide novel insight to identify gene functions improve various qualitative quantitative traits commercial importance plants. Various conventional as well advanced gene-mutagenesis techniques such physical chemical mutagenesis, CRISPR-Cas9, Cas12 base editors are used for trait improvement crops. To meet consumer demand, breakthrough biotechnologies, especially CRISPR-Cas have received a fair share scientific interest, particularly plant editing. versatile tool that can be knock out, replace knock-in desired fragments at targeted locations genome, resulting heritable mutations interest. This review highlights existing literature recent (base editing, prime multiplex epigenome delivery methods) reliable precise also discusses potential exhibited crops consumer-demanded higher colour, texture, aroma/flavour, production biofuel, fibre, rubber pharmaceuticals. In addition, bottlenecks challenges associated with system, off targeting, ploidy level ability edit organelle been discussed.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing techniques and new breeding strategies in cereals – current status, improvements, and perspectives

Biotechnology Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69, P. 108248 - 108248

Published: Sept. 2, 2023

Cereal crops, including triticeae species (barley, wheat, rye), as well edible cereals (wheat, corn, rice, oat, rye, sorghum), are significant suppliers for human consumption, livestock feed, and breweries. Over the past half-century, modern varieties of cereal crops with increased yields have contributed to global food security. However, presently cultivated elite crop were developed mainly optimal environmental conditions. Thus, it has become evident that taking into account ongoing climate changes, currently a priority should be given developing new stress-tolerant cultivars. It is necessary enhance accuracy methods time required generate cultivars desired features adapt change keep up world population expansion. The CRISPR/Cas9 system been powerful versatile genome editing tool achieve desirable traits, such high-yielding, stress-tolerant, disease-resistant transgene-free lines in major cereals. Despite recent advances, application faces several challenges, amount develop lines, laboriousness, limited number genotypes may used transformation vitro regeneration. Additionally, through restricted many countries, especially Europe New Zealand, due lack flexibility GMO regulations. This review provides comprehensive update researchers interested improving using gene-editing technologies, CRISPR/Cas9. We will some critical studies on improvements their contributing factors superior technologies.

Language: Английский

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GMOs or non-GMOs? The CRISPR Conundrum

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Oct. 9, 2023

CRISPR-Cas9, the “genetic scissors”, is being presaged as a revolutionary technology, having tremendous potential to create designer crops by introducing precise and targeted modifications in genome achieve global food security face of climate change increasing population. Traditional genetic engineering relies on random unpredictable insertion isolated genes or foreign DNA elements into plant genome. However, CRISPR-Cas based gene editing does not necessarily involve inserting element from different species but new traits precisely altering existing genes. CRISPR edited are touching markets, however, world community divided over whether these should be considered genetically modified (GM) non-GM. Classification crops, especially transgene free traditional GM will significantly affect their future public acceptance some regions. Therefore, depending upon regulation non-GMs, perception. Here we briefly discuss how crops. In addition, reagents delivery tools produce transgene-free Moreover, also summarize regulatory classification countries regulating We that controversy CRISPR-edited plants non-GM continue until universal, transparent, scalable framework for introduced worldwide, with increased awareness involving all stakeholders.

Language: Английский

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Progress in gene editing tools, implications and success in plants: a review

Frontiers in Genome Editing, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

Genetic modifications are made through diverse mutagenesis techniques for crop improvement programs. Among these tools, the traditional methods involve chemical and radiation-induced mutagenesis, resulting in off-target unintended mutations genome. However, recent advances have introduced site-directed nucleases (SDNs) gene editing, significantly reducing changes genome compared to induced naturally occurring breeding populations. SDNs revolutionized genetic engineering, enabling precise editing decades. One widely used method, homology-directed repair (HDR), has been effective accurate base substitution alterations some plant species. its application limited due inefficiency of HDR cells prevalence error-prone pathway known as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The discovery CRISPR-Cas a game-changer this field. This system induces by creating double-strand breaks (DSBs) repairing them associated pathways like NHEJ. As result, extensively transform plants function analysis enhance desirable traits. Researchers significant progress engineering years, particularly understanding mechanism. led various variants, including CRISPR-Cas13, CRISPR interference, activation, editors, primes CRASPASE, new that cleaves proteins. Moreover, technologies prime editor approaches offer excellent opportunities engineering. These cutting-edge tools opened up avenues rapidly manipulating genomes. review article provides comprehensive overview current state focusing on recently developed alteration their potential applications research.

Language: Английский

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Revolutionizing nematode management to achieve global food security goals - An overview

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. e25325 - e25325

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Nematodes are soil-dwelling organisms that inflict substantial damage to crops, resulting in significant declines agricultural productivity. Consequently, they recognized as one of the primary contributors global crop damage, with profound implications for food security. Nematology research assumes a pivotal role tackling this issue and safeguarding The pursuit nematology focused on mitigating nematode-induced promoting sustainable agriculture represents fundamental strategy enhancing Investment is crucial advance security objectives by identifying managing nematode species, developing novel technologies, comprehending ecology, strengthening capabilities researchers farmers. This endeavor constitutes an indispensable step toward addressing most pressing challenges achieving practices. Primarily, endeavors facilitate identification species responsible leading development effective management strategies. These strategies encompass utilization resistant varieties, implementation cultural practices, biological control, chemical interventions. Secondly, efforts contribute innovative technologies aimed at populations, such gene editing techniques confer resistance infestations crops. Additionally, exploration beneficial microbes, certain fungi bacteria, potential biocontrol agents against nematodes, holds promise. study ecology foundational domain fosters deeper comprehension biology ecological interactions. knowledge instrumental devising precise efficacious

Language: Английский

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Application of CRISPR/Cas9 in the Improvement of Industrially Important Crops

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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