Chemistry - Methods,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 3, 2025
Abstract
The
quest
toward
the
development
of
new,
more
eco‐friendly
removal/recycling/recovery
methods
for
a
range
valuable
elements
is
intense
nowadays.
In
this
Review
we
present
and
discuss
in
critical
way
best
available
physicochemical
processes
versus
modern
electrochemical
approaches
metal
recovery
which
form
part
spent
catalysts
or
other
sources
such
as
wastewater,
mining
waste
batteries.
These
techniques
include
coagulation/flocculation,
precipitation,
electrocoagulation/electroflotation,
membrane
electrolysis,
electrodeposition/electrowinning
gas‐diffusion
electrocrystallization
(GDEx).
Several
key
performance
indicators
(KPIs)
are
utilized
to
facilitate
analysis
different
methods.
Such
have
do,
example,
with
efficiency,
cost,
complexity,
environmental
friendliness
used.
some
cases,
recovered
metals
can
be
further
used
specific
applications,
including
fabrication
electrocatalysts
reactions
interest.
When
possible,
novel
electrified
technologies
benchmarked
state‐of‐the
art
approaches.
This
manuscript
helps
summarize
all
types
comparative
manner.
targeted
cannot
by
any
explored,
its
removal
also
considered
satisfactory
extent,
especially
if
element
under
discussion
poses
risk
toxicity
environment
human
health.
Recovery
sometimes
combined
an
optimum
effect,
exploiting
advantages
each
approach
mitigating
their
drawbacks.
Our
review
provides
examples
‘removal‐only’
possibilities
studied
methods,
though
primary
focus
aiming
reuse
possible
scenarios.
Desalination and Water Treatment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
317, P. 100228 - 100228
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
The
present
study
was
conducted
on
Ti-MOF
and
its
PVC
functionalized
composite
with
the
objective
of
toxic
heavy
metal
ions
removal
from
aqueous
media.
For
achieving
this
purpose,
solvothermal
method
used
to
synthesis
which
then
for
synthesis.
synthesized
adsorbent
materials
were
analyzed
via
different
techniques
that
include
FTIR,
XRD,
SEM
EDX
analysis
along
TGA
point
zero
charge
(PZC).
Batch
experiments
nickel
(Ni)
copper
(Cu)
sorption
water,
using
adsorbents,
under
experimental
conditions
like
initial
concentration,
pH,
adsorbent's
dosage,
time
contact
temperature.
by
adsorbents
increased
increasing
media
dosage
concentration.
Whereas,
pH
system,
pH-2
pH-10,
also
enhanced
phenomenon,
because
pronounced
forces
attraction
between
positively
charged
adsorbate
negatively
surface,
accompanied
precipitation
at
a
much
higher
pH.
It
observed
adsorption
surface
greater
than
parent
MOF
material
availability
number
sites,
capacity
Ni
6.436
29.2
mg/g
Cu
21.414
41.616
mg/g.
In
addition,
found
have
affinity
towards
as
compared
ions,
is
attributed
smaller
size
ions.
To
determine
mechanism,
various
isotherms
examined.
results
concluded
Langmuir
isotherm
suitable
model
explain
mechanism.Moreover,
thermodynamic
parameters
Gibbs
free
energy
(ΔGo),
change
in
enthalpyΔH,
entropyΔS,
determined.
process
be
more
spontaneous
lower
temperatures,
exothermic
nature
adsorption,
case
endothermic
ions.Also,
negative
value
ΔS
accounts
decreased
disorderliness
system
opposite
tothat
onto
Ti-PVC
composite.The
thus
an
effective,
durable,
environmentally
friendly
adsorbent,
wastewater.
Chemistry - Methods,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 3, 2025
Abstract
The
quest
toward
the
development
of
new,
more
eco‐friendly
removal/recycling/recovery
methods
for
a
range
valuable
elements
is
intense
nowadays.
In
this
Review
we
present
and
discuss
in
critical
way
best
available
physicochemical
processes
versus
modern
electrochemical
approaches
metal
recovery
which
form
part
spent
catalysts
or
other
sources
such
as
wastewater,
mining
waste
batteries.
These
techniques
include
coagulation/flocculation,
precipitation,
electrocoagulation/electroflotation,
membrane
electrolysis,
electrodeposition/electrowinning
gas‐diffusion
electrocrystallization
(GDEx).
Several
key
performance
indicators
(KPIs)
are
utilized
to
facilitate
analysis
different
methods.
Such
have
do,
example,
with
efficiency,
cost,
complexity,
environmental
friendliness
used.
some
cases,
recovered
metals
can
be
further
used
specific
applications,
including
fabrication
electrocatalysts
reactions
interest.
When
possible,
novel
electrified
technologies
benchmarked
state‐of‐the
art
approaches.
This
manuscript
helps
summarize
all
types
comparative
manner.
targeted
cannot
by
any
explored,
its
removal
also
considered
satisfactory
extent,
especially
if
element
under
discussion
poses
risk
toxicity
environment
human
health.
Recovery
sometimes
combined
an
optimum
effect,
exploiting
advantages
each
approach
mitigating
their
drawbacks.
Our
review
provides
examples
‘removal‐only’
possibilities
studied
methods,
though
primary
focus
aiming
reuse
possible
scenarios.