Antimicrobial peptides: Defending the mucosal epithelial barrier

Frontiers in Oral Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

The recent epidemic caused by aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 virus illustrates the importance and vulnerability of mucosal epithelial barrier against infection. Antimicrobial proteins peptides (AMPs) are key to barrier, providing immunity microbes. In primitive life forms, AMPs protect integument gut pathogenic have also evolved in humans other mammals enhance newer, complex innate adaptive favor persistence commensals over canonical helictical that form lethal pores microbial membranes. higher this type AMP is exemplified defensin family AMPs. tissues, defensins, calprotectin (complex S100A8 S100A9) work cooperatively. mechanisms action differ. Unlike sequesters essential trace metals from microbes, which inhibits growth. This review focuses on defensins as appear cooperatively fortify antimicrobial spectrum broad with overlap between two mice, experimental models highlight contribution both candidiasis a fungal infection periodontitis resulting bacterial dysbiosis. These contribute humans, protecting commensal microflora restricting emergence pathobionts pathogens. A striking example human elevated serum protects neonatal sepsis. Calprotectin remarkable because functional differences when localized neutrophil cytoplasm or released into extracellular environment. cytoplasm, appears invasive Extracellularly, can engage pathogen-recognition receptors activate immune proinflammatory mechanisms. inflamed tissue spaces, calprotectin, DNA, histones degranulated neutrophils insoluble barriers termed traps. Hence, use several strategies provide control stimulate immunity.

Language: Английский

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The oral manifestations and related mechanisms of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported to be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and patients present mostly symptoms. There have been an increasing number of reports on oral manifestations, some these signs are informative in terms identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection. The goal study review synthesize the clinical characteristics underlying mechanisms COVID-19 as well evaluate factors influencing infectivity, order conduct further in-depth investigations help clinicians diagnose exhibiting

Language: Английский

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Advances in the relationship between periodontopathogens and respiratory diseases (Review)

Molecular Medicine Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(3)

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory and destructive disease in the mouth considered to be associated with systemic diseases. Accumulating evidence has suggested that periodontitis risk factor for pulmonary diseases such as pneumonia, obstructive (COPD), asthma, coronavirus 2019 (COVID‑19) lung cancer. The presence of periodontal pathogens been detected samples from variety Periodontal can involved by promoting adhesion invasion respiratory pathogens, regulating apoptosis epithelium inducing overexpression mucin disrupting balance immune systemin cells. Additionally, measures control plaque maintain health tissue decrease incidence adverse events. This suggests close association between present study aimed review clinical COPD, COVID‑19 cancer, propose possible mechanism potential role linking disease. could provide direction further research on novel ideas diagnosis treatment management these two

Language: Английский

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The role of the oral cavity in SARS-CoV-2- and other viral infections

Clinical Oral Investigations, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(S1), P. 15 - 22

Published: June 13, 2023

Abstract Objective This study aims to review the role of oral cavity in SARS-CoV-2- and other viral upper respiratory tract infections. Material methods Data reviewed text have been researched online also reflect personal expertise. Results Numerous viruses replicate are transmitted via aerosols (< 5 µm) droplets (> µm). SARS-CoV-2 replication has documented airways as well mucosa salivary glands. These sites virus reservoirs that can infect organs, e.g., lungs gastrointestinal tract, individuals. Laboratory diagnosis focuses on real-time PCR; antigen tests less sensitive. For screening monitoring infections, nasopharyngeal swabs tested; saliva is a good more comfortable alternative. Physical means like social distancing or masks proven successful reduce risk infection. Both wet-lab clinical studies confirm mouth rinses effective against viruses. Antiviral inactivate all cavity. Conclusions The plays an important infections tract: it serves portal entry, site replication, source infection by aerosols. but antiviral help spread contribute control.

Language: Английский

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Oral SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection and Risk for Long Covid

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT SARS‐CoV‐2 is an oral pathogen that infects and replicates in mucosal salivary epithelial cells, contributing to post‐acute sequelae COVID‐19 (PASC) other non‐oral pathologies. While pre‐existing inflammatory diseases provides a conducive environment for the virus, acute infection persistence of can also results microbiome dysbiosis further worsens poor health. Indeed, PASC includes periodontal diseases, dysgeusia, xerostomia, pharyngitis, keratoses, pulpitis suggesting significant bacterial contributions tissue tropism. Dysbiotic microbiome‐induced inflammation promote viral entry via angiotensin‐converting enzyme receptor‐2 (ACE2), serine transmembrane TMPRSS2 possibly non‐canonical pathways. Additionally, metabolites derived from dysbiotic alter physiological biochemical pathways related metabolism lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids. This may pro‐inflammatory microenvironment, leading immune exhaustion, loss tolerance, susceptibility variety pathogens, causing later chronic inflammation. Microbial release mimics host metallopeptidases furin, ADAM17 (A disintegrin metalloproteinase 17), glycoprotein aid attachment T cell immunoglobulin‐like (TIMs), enhancing while simultaneously depressing resistance clearance. Membrane reorganization characterised by neuroproteins, such as neuropilins, functionally assists with extends pathogenesis cavity brain, gut, or tissues. Thus, health, disrupted microbiomes tropism, weaken antiviral resistance, heightens infection. dysfunction increases risk additional infections, exacerbating conditions like endodontic diseases. These persistent health issues contribute systemic inflammation, creating bidirectional effects between tissues, potentially Post‐Acute Sequelae (PASC).

Language: Английский

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The Oral Cavity Potentially Serving as a Reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 but Not Necessarily Facilitating the Spread of COVID-19 in Dental Practice

European Journal of Dentistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(02), P. 310 - 318

Published: Dec. 20, 2022

Intraoral tissues, secretions, and microenvironments may provide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with the conditions necessary for viral cellular entry inhabitation. The aim of present study is to overview oral cavity that potentially serves as a reservoir SARS-CoV-2, then discuss possibility such facilitates spread disease 2019 (COVID-19) in dental practice. Articles were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, LitCovid, ProQuest, Google Scholar, preprint medRxiv databases. Results literature search indicated SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry-relevant receptor virus/cell membrane fusion mediators are expressed major minor salivary glands, tongue, taste bud, periodontal tissue, pulp, which would be target SARS-CoV-2. saliva gingival crevicular fluid COVID-19 patients. These secretions contaminate aerosol droplet inhabits pocket, sulcus, caries lesion, could habitat. ribonucleic acid preserved calculus, inform previous infection Despite involvement transmission infection, date, there have been no clusters Dental settings much less likely facilitate compared general medical settings, explained by situation dentistry number patients visit offices/clinics was decreased during pandemic, characteristics professionals maintained high awareness prevention, adhered strict protocol control, using personal protective equipment long time, experimental results devices generate only small amounts responsible airborne transmission, irrigant unit contributes microbiota rather than saliva, commonly used evacuation or suction system effectively reduces generation, human exhibits antiviral activity property inhibit infection. It considered treatment health care can delivered safely era.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation and the oral and gut microbiota with COVID-19

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 207 - 218

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Effects of tea, catechins and catechin derivatives on Omicron subvariants of SARS-CoV-2

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Oct. 3, 2023

Abstract The Omicron subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 have multiple mutations in the S-proteins and show high transmissibility. We previously reported that tea catechin (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) its derivatives including theaflavin-3,3’-di-O-digallate (TFDG) strongly inactivated conventional by binding to receptor domain (RBD) S-protein. Here we were effectively green tea, Matcha, black tea. EGCG TFDG suppressed infectivity BA.1 XE subvariants, while effect on BA.2.75 was weaker. Neutralization assay showed inhibited interaction between RBD ACE2. In silico analyses suggested N460K, G446S F490S RBDs crucially influenced EGCG/TFDG RBDs. Healthy volunteers consumed a candy containing or saliva collected from them immediately after consumption significantly decreased virus vitro. These results indicate specific amino acid substitutions influence different susceptibility each subvariant EGCG/TFDG. study may suggest molecular basis for potential usefulness these compounds suppression mutant viruses could emerge future cause next pandemic.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Dental-derived Stem Cell-based Therapy and Their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome-induced Tissue Damage

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(8), P. 2062 - 2103

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Advancement in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis: A new and stable electrochemical biosensor for genomic RNA detection

Bioelectrochemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 161, P. 108798 - 108798

Published: Aug. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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