SARS-CoV-2 in brief: from virus to prevention

Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 394 - 406

Published: Nov. 28, 2022

The recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ahighly transmissible virus with a likely animal origin, has posed major and unprecedentedchallenges to millions lives across the affected nations world. This firstoccurred in China, despite massive regional global attempts shortly thereafter, itspread other countries caused deaths worldwide. review presents keyinformation about characteristics SARS-CoV-2 its associated disease (namely,coronavirus 2019) briefly discusses origin virus. Herein, we also brieflysummarize strategies used against viral spread transmission.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 transmission modes: Why and how contamination occurs around shared meals and drinks?

Food Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 114, P. 104297 - 104297

Published: May 12, 2023

In spite of prevention measures enacted all over the world to control COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, including mask wearing, social distancing, hand hygiene, vaccination, and other precautions, SARS-CoV-2 virus continues spread globally at an unabated rate about 1 million cases per day. The specificities superspreading events as well evidence human-to-human, human-to-animal animal-to-human transmission, indoors or outdoors, raise questions a possibly neglected viral transmission route. addition inhaled aerosols, which are already recognized key contributors oral route represents strong candidate, in particular when meals drinks shared. this review, we intend discuss that significant quantities dispersed by large droplets during discussions festive gatherings could explain group contamination either directly indirectly after deposition on surfaces, food, drinks, cutlery, several soiled vectors. We suggest hygiene sanitary practices around objects brought mouth food also need be taken into account order curb transmission.

Language: Английский

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Milk Casein Inhibits Effect of Black Tea Galloylated Theaflavins to Inactivate SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro

Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. 1068 - 1068

Published: Sept. 9, 2023

Continuing caution is required against the potential emergence of SARS-CoV-2 novel mutants that could pose next global health and socioeconomical threats. If virus in saliva can be inactivated by a beverage, such beverage may useful because infected persons major origin droplets aerosols mediate human-to-human viral transmission. We previously reported was significantly treatment vitro with tea including green black tea. Catechins its derived compounds galloylated theaflavins (gTFs) bound to receptor-binding domain (RBD) S-protein blocked interaction between RBD ACE2. Black often consumed sugar, milk, lemon juice, etc., it remains unclarified whether these ingredients influence anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect Here, we examined on Omicron subvariants presence ingredients. The infectivity decreased 1/100 or lower after for 10 s. One two teaspoons milk (4~8 mL) completely anti-viral cup (125 mL), whereas an addition sugar juice failed do so. suppressive dose-dependently exerted casein but not whey proteins. gTFs were coprecipitated acidification milk-supplemented tea, strongly suggesting binding casein. present study demonstrates first time cancelled due gTFs.

Language: Английский

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Prevalence and association of oral manifestations with disease severity in patients diagnosed with COVID‑19: A cross‑sectional study

Medicine International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(3)

Published: April 10, 2024

Systemic disorders may exhibit early signs when conducting an oral examination. Since the onset of COVID‑19 pandemic, several studies have been published detailing direct impact virus on cavity. The present study aimed to determine whether indeed there are any significant disparities in oropharyngeal manifestations between individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and a control group, has ability invade reproduce inside keratinocytes fibroblasts, resulting development ulcerations superficial lesions. provides overview symptoms that occur at stage illness, most commonly affected regions cavity, including tongue, lips, palate oropharynx examined. In retrospective study, 52 patients were recruited April, 2021 October, 2022. addition, who tested negative for as group. was conducted through thorough examination questionnaire provided all participants. results revealed among cohort from group examined (n=52), proportion (mean, 16.15) displayed manifestations. Specifically, 75% described cavity pain, 69% these had changes teeth color or dental caries. summary, relation prevalence generally lower compared apart pain (30.8%), tonsillitis (17.3%), bleeding (34.6%), (36.5%), recurrence (15.4%) abscesses (7.7%). Thus, whole, without fewer

Language: Английский

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TLR4/7‐mediated host‐defense responses of gingival epithelial cells

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 125(7)

Published: May 10, 2024

Abstract Gingival epithelial cells (GECs) are physical and immunological barriers against outward pathogens while coping with a plethora of non‐pathogenic commensal bacteria. GECs express several members Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) control subsequent innate immune responses. TLR4 senses lipopolysaccharide (LPS) TLR7/8 recognizes single‐strand RNA (ssRNA) playing important roles viral infection. However, their distinct in have not been fully demonstrated. Here, we analyzed biological responses to LPS CL075, agonist. GE1, mouse gingival cell line, constitutively TLR7, but TLR8, like primary skin keratinocytes. Stimulation GE1 CL075 induced cytokine, chemokine, antimicrobial peptide expressions, the pattern which is rather different from that LPS: higher mRNA levels interferon (IFN) β, CXCL10, β‐defensin (BD) 14 (mouse homolog human BD3); lower tumor necrosis factor (TNF), CCL5, CCL11, CCL20, CXCL2, CX3CL1. As for intracellular signal transduction cells, rapidly significant AKT phosphorylation failed activate IKKα/β‐NFκB pathway, whereas marked activation without phosphorylation. In contrast, both rapid macrophage line. Furthermore, specific inhibition activity abrogated CL075‐induced IFNβ, BD14 expression cells. Thus, TLR4/7 ligands appear induce host‐defense through signaling mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Non-Functionalized Graphene Ribbons FET Biosensor Platform: SARS-CoV-2 Detection on TiO₂Gate Dielectric Windows

IEEE Sensors Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 18791 - 18804

Published: June 14, 2024

In this work, we report a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensor platform able to sense the SARS-CoV-2 contamination in blood plasma and saliva. The GFET was fabricated on Si/SiO2 wafer with thin metallic films deposited by sputtering. gate structure is formed Ti/Au source/drain are TiN layer. dielectric 10 nm TiO2. channel ten parallel ribbons of monolayer defined photolithography O2 etching. virus sensing tests were performed contaminated non-contaminate saliva as analytes region. shape allows analyte contact TiO2 dielectric. sensitivity evidenced drain-source current versus gate-source voltage ( ${I}_{\text {DS}} \times {V}_{\text {GS}}$ ) normalized transconductance notation="LaTeX">${G}_{M}$ curves, where these measurements infected samples showed higher electric currents. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) technique used extract characteristics. These analyses indicate that film promotes interaction two hydroxyl groups at their atomic terminations viral proteins solutions. Indeed, occurs when particles or induced molecules meet surface, injecting carriers into channel. Therefore, main contribution work presentation for BioFET detect SARS-CoV-2, no need functionalize surface

Language: Английский

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Submandibular Gland Pathogenesis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Xerostomia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(13), P. 6820 - 6820

Published: June 21, 2024

Although SARS-CoV-2 induces mucin hypersecretion in the respiratory tract, hyposalivation/xerostomia has been reported by COVID-19 patients. We evaluate submandibular gland (SMGs) pathogenesis SARS-CoV-2-infected K18-hACE2 mice, focusing on impact of infection production and structural integrity acini, ductal system, myoepithelial cells (MECs) telocytes. The spike protein, nucleocapsid hACE2, actin, EGF, TNF-α IL-1β were detected immunofluorescence, Egfr Muc5b expression was evaluated. In infected animals, significant acinar hypertrophy observed contrast to atrophy. Nucleocapsid proteins and/or viral particles SMG cells, mainly nuclear membrane-derived vesicles, confirming role formation. showed intense immunoexpression, EGF-EGFR signaling increased, together with upregulation. This finding explains hypertrophy, which compress ducts. Dying MECs actin reduction also observed, indicating failure contraction support, favoring hypertrophy. Viral assembly found dying telocytes, pointing these intercommunicating as transmitters SMGs. Therefore, EGF-EGFR-induced triggered likely mediated cytokines. damage telocytes may have favored leading obstruction, explaining xerostomia Thus, be targets, favor replication cell-to-cell transmission SMG, corroborating high load saliva individuals.

Language: Английский

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pathology and cell tropism in tongue tissues of COVID-19 autopsies

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 21, 2024

Since 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) has affected millions of people worldwide. Except for acute respiratory distress syndrome, dysgeusis is also a common symptom COVID-19 that burdens patients weeks or permanently. However, the mechanisms underlying taste dysfunctions remain unclear. Here, we performed complete autopsies five who died COVID-19. Integrated tongue samples, including numerous buds, salivary glands, vessels, and nerves were collected to map pathology, distribution, cell tropism, receptor distribution severe syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in tongue. Our results revealed all had moderate lymphocyte infiltration around glands lamina propria adjacent mucosa, pyknosis epithelia buds glands. This may be because serous acini, gland ducts, are primary sites SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multicolor immunofluorescence showed readily infects Keratin (KRT)

Language: Английский

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Host microRNAs exhibit differential propensity to interact with SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1869(2), P. 166612 - 166612

Published: Dec. 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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Comparative Evaluation of Human Pulp Tissue Dissolution by 500-ppm and 200-ppm Hypochlorous Acid and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite: An In Vitro Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 103 - 106

Published: May 23, 2023

The aim of this study was to assess, in vitro, the human pulp dissolution capacity 500 ppm and 200 hypochlorous acid comparison with 5.2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).Forty tissue samples were standardized a weight 9 mg divided into four groups according irrigating solution used: 5.25% NaOCl, acid, distilled water. Eppendorf tubes carrying 2 mL irrigants taken placed for specified time interval: Subgroup A: 30 minutes subgroup B: 60 minutes. After designated interval, from each sample tube filtered using Whatman filter paper left drying overnight. residual calculated by filtration method. mean experimental group at different intervals statistically analyzed.Mean increases an increase period. Approximately NaOCl most effective both followed 500-ppm Least amount shown 200-ppm Distilled water did not show ability dissolve tissue.Within limitations study, dissolved efficiently concentrations. Human found gradually its concentration.With basic information that does have tissue, further research can be undertaken assess methods efficiency. Sooner than later, may able completely replace toxic clinical practice, as irrigant choice during root canal therapy.

Language: Английский

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