Sex differences in the human metabolome

Biology of Sex Differences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: June 15, 2022

Abstract Background The sexual dimorphism represents one of the triggers metabolic disparities between organisms, advising about wild implications in research or diagnostics contexts. Despite mounting recognition importance sex consideration biomedical fields, identification male- and female-specific signatures has not been achieved. Main body This review pointed focus on differences related to sex, evidenced by metabolomics studies performed healthy populations, with leading aim understanding how influences baseline metabolome. main shared apparent dissimilarities males females were extracted highlighted from metabolome most commonly analyzed biological fluids, such as serum, plasma, urine. Furthermore, influence age significant interactions have taken into account. Conclusions patterns human defined diverse biofluids. detection sex- age-related individuals are helpful for translational applications bench bedside set targeted diagnostic prevention approaches context personalized medicine. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Metabolomics as a powerful tool for diagnostic, pronostic and drug intervention analysis in COVID-19

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

COVID-19 currently represents one of the major health challenges worldwide. Albeit its infectious character, with onset affectation mainly at respiratory track, it is clear that pathophysiology has a systemic ultimately affecting many organs. This feature enables possibility investigating SARS-CoV-2 infection using multi-omic techniques, including metabolomic studies by chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Here we review extensive literature on metabolomics in COVID-19, unraveled aspects disease including: characteristic metabotipic signature associated discrimination patients according severity, effect drugs and vaccination treatments characterization natural history metabolic evolution disease, from full recovery long-term long sequelae COVID.

Language: Английский

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Maintained imbalance of triglycerides, apolipoproteins, energy metabolites and cytokines in long-term COVID-19 syndrome patients

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 9, 2023

Background Deep metabolomic, proteomic and immunologic phenotyping of patients suffering from an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have matched a wide diversity clinical symptoms potential biomarkers for disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies described the role small as well complex molecules such metabolites, cytokines, chemokines lipoproteins during in recovered patients. In fact, after SARS-CoV-2 viral almost 10-20% experience persistent post 12 weeks recovery defined long-term COVID-19 (LTCS) or long post-acute (PACS). Emerging evidence revealed that dysregulated immune system persisting inflammation could be one key drivers LTCS. However, how these biomolecules altogether govern pathophysiology is largely underexplored. Thus, clear understanding parameters within integrated fashion predict course would help to stratify LTCS This even allow elucidation mechanistic course. Methods study comprised subjects (n=7; longitudinal), (n=33), Recov (n=12), no history positive testing (n=73). 1 H-NMR-based metabolomics IVDr standard operating procedures verified phenotyped all blood samples by quantifying 38 metabolites 112 lipoprotein properties. Univariate multivariate statistics identified NMR-based cytokine changes. Results Here, we report on analysis serum/plasma NMR spectroscopy flow cytometry-based cytokines/chemokines quantification We lactate pyruvate were significantly different either healthy controls (HC) Subsequently, correlation group only among cytokines amino acids histidine glutamine uniquely attributed mainly pro-inflammatory cytokines. Of note, triglycerides several (apolipoproteins Apo-A1 A2) demonstrate COVID-19-like alterations compared HC. Interestingly, distinguished mostly their phenylalanine, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) glucose concentrations, illustrating imbalanced energy metabolism. Most present at low levels HC except IL-18 chemokine, which tended higher Conclusion The identification plasma will better other diseases ongoing severity

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 7803 - 7803

Published: April 25, 2023

Some viruses are known to be associated with the onset of specific cancers. These microorganisms, oncogenic or oncoviruses, can convert normal cells into cancer by modulating central metabolic pathways hampering genomic integrity mechanisms, consequently inhibiting apoptotic machinery and/or enhancing cell proliferation. Seven promote tumorigenesis in humans: human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), T-cell leukemia 1 (HTLV-1), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), Merkel polyomavirus (MCPyV). Recent research indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection COVID-19 progression may predispose recovered patients accelerate development. This hypothesis is based on growing evidence regarding ability modulate pathways, promoting chronic low-grade inflammation causing tissue damage. Herein, we summarize main relationships date between cancer, providing a summary proposed biochemical mechanisms behind cellular transformation. Mechanistically, DNA (such as HPV, HBV, EBV, MCPyV) encode their oncogenes. In contrast, RNA (like HCV, HTLV-1) oncogenes trigger host through cis-/-trans activation leading different types cancer. As for SARS-CoV-2, its role an seems occur inhibition oncosuppressors controlling autophagy infected cells. However, these effects could significant particular scenarios like those linked severe long COVID. On other hand, looking at SARS-CoV-2─cancer relationship from opposite perspective, oncolytic anti-tumor immune response were triggered some cases. summary, our work aims recall comprehensive attention scientific community elucidate and, more general, β-coronavirus susceptibility prevention supporting therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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Complement factor D targeting protects endotheliopathy in organoid and monkey models of COVID-19

Cell stem cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(10), P. 1315 - 1330.e10

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Acoustic ejection mass spectrometry empowers ultra-fast protein biomarker quantification

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: June 15, 2024

Abstract The global scientific response to COVID 19 highlighted the urgent need for increased throughput and capacity in bioanalytical laboratories, especially precise quantification of proteins that pertain health disease. Acoustic ejection mass spectrometry (AEMS) represents a much-needed paradigm shift ultra-fast biomarker screening. Here, quantitative AEMS assays is presented, employing peptide immunocapture enrich (i) 10 acute phase (APR) protein markers from plasma, (ii) SARS-CoV-2 NCAP peptides nasopharyngeal swabs. APR were quantified 267 plasma samples, triplicate 4.8 h, with %CV 4.2% 10.5%. 145 viral swabs min. This assay 15-fold speed improvement over LC-MS, instrument stability demonstrated across 10,000 measurements. combination selectivity enables ultra-high throughput, reproducible screening very large cohorts.

Language: Английский

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Multi-cohort study on cytokine and chemokine profiles in the progression of COVID-19

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 6, 2024

Abstract Various substances in the blood plasma serve as prognostic indicators of progression COVID-19. Consequently, multi-omics studies, such proteomic and metabolomics, are ongoing to identify accurate biomarkers. Cytokines chemokines, which crucial components immune inflammatory responses, play pivotal roles transition from mild severe illness. To determine relationship between cytokines COVID-19, we used four study cohorts perform a systematic cytokine levels patients with different disease stages. We observed differential expression persistent-mild mild-to-severe transformation. For instance, IL-4 IL-17 significantly increased transformation, indicating differences within group. Subsequently, analysed changes chemokine undergoing two opposing processes: illness identified several factors, reduced IL-16 IL-18 during phase up-regulated IL-10, IP-10, SCGF-β same period, indicative deterioration or improvement patients’ conditions. These factors obtained fine-tuned research could provide auxiliary indications for condition COVID-19 patients.

Language: Английский

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The Biology and Biochemistry of Kynurenic Acid, a Potential Nutraceutical with Multiple Biological Effects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(16), P. 9082 - 9082

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an antioxidant degradation product of tryptophan that has been shown to have a variety cytoprotective, neuroprotective and neuronal signalling properties. However, mammalian transporters receptors display micromolar binding constants; these are consistent with its typically tissue concentrations but far above serum/plasma concentration (normally tens nanomolar), suggesting large gaps in our knowledge transport mechanisms action, the main influx characterized date equilibrative, not concentrative. In addition, it substrate known anion efflux pump (ABCC4), whose vivo activity largely unknown. Exogeneous addition L-tryptophan or L-kynurenine leads production KYNA also many other co-metabolites (including some such as 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine quinolinic may be toxic). With exception chestnut honey, exists at relatively low levels natural foodstuffs. bioavailability reasonable, terminal element irreversible reaction most pathways, might added exogenously without disturbing upstream metabolism significantly. Many examples, which we review, show valuable bioactivity. Given above, review potential utility nutraceutical, finding significantly worthy further study development.

Language: Английский

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Proteomic and Metabolomic Signatures Associated With the Immune Response in Healthy Individuals Immunized With an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 24, 2022

CoronaVac (Sinovac), an inactivated vaccine for SARS-CoV-2, has been widely used immunization. However, analysis of the underlying molecular mechanisms driving CoronaVac-induced immunity is still limited. Here, we applied a systems biology approach to understand behind adaptive immune response in cohort 50 volunteers immunized with 2 doses CoronaVac. Vaccination led integrated that included several effector arms system including specific IgM/IgG, humoral and other response, as well innate shown by complement activation. Metabolites associated were also identified implicating role metabolites activation response. Networks TCA cycle amino acids metabolic pathways, such phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine tryptophan biosynthesis, glycine, serine threonine metabolism tightly coupled immunity. Critically, constructed multifactorial network (MRN) analyze interactions compared signatures affected immunization SARS-CoV-2 infection further identify related pathways altered These results help us host vaccination highlight utility defining correlates protection vaccination.

Language: Английский

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The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the modulation of hyperinflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection: A perspective for COVID-19 therapy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory caused by infection with acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that affects the lower and upper tract in humans. SARS-CoV-2 associated induction of cascade uncontrolled inflammatory responses host, ultimately leading to hyperinflammation or cytokine storm. Indeed, storm hallmark immunopathogenesis, directly related severity mortality COVID-19 patients. Considering lack any definitive treatment for COVID-19, targeting key factors regulate response patients could be fundamental step developing effective therapeutic strategies against infection. Currently, addition well-defined metabolic actions, especially lipid metabolism glucose utilization, there growing evidence central role ligand-dependent nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPARs) including PPARα, PPARβ/δ, PPARγ control signals various human diseases. This makes them attractive targets approaches control/suppress hyperinflammatory COVID-19. In this review, we (1) investigate anti-inflammatory mechanisms mediated PPARs their ligands during infection, (2) on basis recent literature, highlight importance PPAR subtypes development promising

Language: Английский

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