Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(17), P. 10123 - 10123

Published: Sept. 4, 2022

Biological material is one of the most important aspects that allow for correct diagnosis disease, and tears are an interesting subject research because simplicity collection, as well relation to components similar other body fluids. In this review, biomarkers Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS) in investigated analyzed. Records were obtained from PubMed Google Scholar databases a timeline 2015–2022. The keywords were: tear film/tear biochemistry/tear + diseases (AD, PD, or MS). recent original studies analyzed, discussed, present can be used management AD, MS shown. α-synTotal α-synOligo, lactoferrin, norepinephrine, adrenaline, epinephrine, dopamine, α-2-macroglobulin, proteins involved immune response, lipid metabolism oxidative stress, apolipoprotein superfamily, others shown PD. For AD potential biomarkers, there are: lipocalin-1, lysozyme-C, lacritin, amyloid proteins, t-Tau, p-Tau; oligoclonal bands, lipids containing choline, free carnitine, acylcarnitines, some amino acids. Information systematized review provides data new insight help improve clinical outcomes patients with neurodegenerative disorders.

Language: Английский

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Eye-tracking paradigms for the assessment of mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 20, 2023

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), representing the ‘transitional zone’ between normal cognition and dementia, has become a novel topic in clinical research. Although early detection is crucial, it remains logistically challenging at same time. While traditional pen-and-paper tests require in-depth training to ensure standardized administration accurate interpretation of findings, significant technological advancements are leading development procedures for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) facilitating diagnostic process. Some protocols, however, show limitations that hamper their widespread adoption. Concerns about social economic implications increasing incidence AD underline need reliable, non-invasive, cost-effective, timely scoring methodologies. For instance, modern studies report oculomotor impairments among patients with MCI, who perform poorly visual paired-comparison tasks by ascribing less attentional resources stimuli. To accelerate Global Action Plan on Public Health Response Dementia 2017–2025, this work provides an overview research saccadic exploratory eye-movement deficits older adults MCI. The review protocol was drafted based Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses guidelines. Electronic databases were systematically searched identify peer-reviewed articles published 2017 2022 examined processing MCI reported gaze parameters as potential biomarkers. Moreover, following contemporary trend remote healthcare technologies, we reviewed implemented non-commercial eye-tracking instrumentation order detect information population. Based gathered literature, eye-tracking-based paradigms may ameliorate screening assessments contribute detection. However, translate findings pertaining abnormal behavior into applications, imperative conduct longitudinal investigations both laboratory-based ecologically valid settings.

Language: Английский

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Tear Biomarkers and Alzheimer’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(17), P. 13429 - 13429

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder that represents the most common type of dementia. It poses a significant diagnostic challenge requires timely recognition and treatment. Currently, there no effective therapy for AD; however, certain medications may slow down its progression. The discovery AD biomarkers, namely, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography cerebrospinal fluid molecules (amyloid-β tau) has advanced our understanding this been crucial identifying early neuropathologic changes prior to clinical cognitive decline. close interrelationship between eye suggests tears could be interesting source biomarkers studies in area are limited. identification will enable development cost-effective, non-invasive methods screening, diagnosis monitoring. In order use as standard method AD, future need conducted on larger scale.

Language: Английский

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Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(15), P. 8714 - 8714

Published: Aug. 5, 2022

Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease represent some of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders afflicting millions people worldwide. Unfortunately, there is a lack efficacious treatments to cure or stop progression these disorders. While causes such therapies can be attributed various reasons, disappointing results recent clinical trials suggest need for novel innovative approaches. Since its discovery, has been growing excitement around potential CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene editing identify mechanistic insights into pathogenesis mediate accurate therapy. To this end, literature rich with experiments aimed at generating models offering proof-of-concept studies in preclinical animal validating great versatility gene-editing system. In review, we provide an overview how systems have used

Language: Английский

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Beta-Amyloid Peptide in Tears: An Early Diagnostic Marker of Alzheimer’s Disease Correlated with Choroidal Thickness

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2590 - 2590

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic role of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in tears as well their association with retinal and choroidal microstructures. In a cross-sectional study, 35 subjects (age 71.7 ± 6.9 years) were included: 11 prodromal AD (MCI), 10 mild-to-moderate AD, 14 healthy controls. The diagnosis MCI was confirmed according complete neuropsychological evaluation PET or MRI imaging. After tear sample collection, β-amyloid peptide Aβ1-42 concentration analyzed using ELISA, whereas C-terminal fragments amyloid precursor protein (APP-CTF) phosphorylated tau (p-tau) assessed by Western blot. Retinal layers thickness (CT) acquired spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). levels able detect both patients specificity 93% sensitivity 81% (AUC = 0.91). Tear lower, (p < 0.01) group 0.001) when compared Further, correlated psychometric scores CT 0.01). thinner affected 0.035). No differences observed for APP-CTF p-tau relative abundance tears. Testing seems be minimally invasive, cost-saving method early detection AD.

Language: Английский

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Disruption of early visual processing in amyloid-positive healthy individuals and mild cognitive impairment

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Abstract Background Amyloid deposition is a primary predictor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related neurodegenerative disorders. Retinal changes involving the structure function ganglion cell layer are increasingly documented in both established prodromal AD. Visual event-related potentials (vERP) sensitive to dysfunction magno- parvocellular visual systems, which originate within retinal layer. The present study evaluates vERP as amyloid aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods stimulus-onset, motion-onset, alpha-frequency steady-state (ssVEP) stimuli were obtained from 16 amyloid-positive 41 amyloid-negative healthy elders 15 MCI individuals analyzed using time–frequency approaches. Social cognition was assessed subset Awareness Inference Test (TASIT). Results Neurocognitively intact but participants showed significant deficits stimulus-onset (theta) motion-onset (delta) generation relative (all p < .01). Across elders, composite index these measures correlated highly ( r = − .52, .001) with standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) TASIT performance. A composed differentiated groups an overall classification accuracy > 70%. Discussion may assist early detection among older without observable neurocognitive impairments linking previously AD behavioral social cognition.

Language: Английский

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Non-Invasive Retinal Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 283 - 283

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain associated with ageing and most prevalent form dementia, affecting an estimated 55 million people worldwide, projections suggesting this number will exceed 150 by 2050. With its increasing prevalence, AD represents significant global health challenge potentially serious social economic consequences. Diagnosing particularly challenging as it requires timely recognition. Currently, there no effective therapy for AD; however, certain medications may help slow progression. Existing diagnostic methods such magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission (PET), biomarker analysis in cerebrospinal fluid tend to be expensive invasive, making them impractical widespread use. Consequently, research into non-invasive biomarkers that enable early detection screening crucial area contemporary clinical investigation. One promising approach diagnosis retinal imaging. As extension central nervous system, retina offers distinctive opportunity structure function assessment. Considering their shared embryological origins vascular immunological similarities between eye brain, alterations indicate pathological changes including those specifically related AD. Studies suggest structural retina, within neuronal network blood vessels, act markers cerebral caused These have potential diagnosis. Since typically diagnosed only after loss has occurred, identifying could intervention prevent Non-invasive techniques, optical coherence (OCT) OCT angiography, provide accessible linked This review article focuses on Investigating connections processes significantly enhance diagnosis, monitoring, treatment AD, paving way new therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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Non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease in bodily fluids

S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 125(1), P. 8 - 8

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

One of the urgent problems modern health care is Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its early diagnosis. This due to rapid global spread AD, lack pathogenetic therapy, ability stabilize progression cognitive impairment in stages disease. Currently, only an autopsy can confirm diagnosis AD with 100% reliability, classical laboratory instrumental methods verification are difficult implement routine clinical practice several limitations. That why study new available biomarkers identified human bodily fluids promising for AD. The review addresses problem using markers fluids, which be obtained a non-invasive way. Potential saliva, tear fluid, urine, nasal secretion reviewed, their prognostic values as indicators stage evaluated.

Language: Английский

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Mapping fatigue: discovering brain regions and genes linked to fatigue susceptibility

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: March 7, 2025

The relationship between the brain and fatigue is gaining increasing attention, with numerous studies indicating that certain specific regions may be closely linked to fatigue. Our study aimed identify exhibiting significant causal relationships discover potential neurotherapeutic targets associated fatigue, in pursuit of seeking new approaches for treatment. A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) method was employed investigate cortical subcortical gray matter volumes 83 Then, we utilized frontal cortex expression Quantitative Trait Loci data, employing methods Summary-data-based Randomization (SMR) Bayesian colocalization genes exhibit association Finally, transcription levels candidate were assessed a central rat model using RT-qPCR. results TSMR analysis revealed an increased volume right lateral orbitofrontal, left caudal middle frontal, rostral cortices correlated diminished susceptibility SMR identified ECE2, GPX1, METTL21EP, RP11-665J16.1, SNF8 as RT-qPCR confirmed significantly elevated Ece2, Gpx1, Snf8 rats compared controls. findings afford substantial theoretical support connection while also providing novel insights into genetic mechanisms therapeutic particularly

Language: Английский

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Novel Phenoselenazines as Amyloid-β Aggregation Inhibitors

ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 16, 2025

A novel library of N-benzylphenoselenazine derivatives 8a-j were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as inhibitors amyloid-beta (Aβ42) aggregation. In the thioflavin T-based fluorescence aggregation kinetics assay, compounds 8i 8j exhibited excellent inhibition Aβ42 (∼91% at 25 μM), activity was comparable to that reference agents resveratrol (∼88%) methylene blue (∼95% inhibition). Both also demonstrated disaggregation properties (58% 76% respectively μM) antioxidant (80.5% 59% μM). cell culture studies, both able reduce Aβ42-mediated cytotoxicity. Computational studies suggest these interact in a narrow channel formed by N- C-termini pentamer model stabilize assembly prevent further These results demonstrate viability N-benzylphenoselenazines promising candidates target amyloid cascade Alzheimer's disease.

Language: Английский

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