SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Genetic Insights, Epidemiological Tracking, and Implications for Vaccine Strategies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1263 - 1263

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has significantly impacted the global response to COVID-19 pandemic. This review examines genetic diversity variants, their roles in epidemiological tracking, and influence on viral fitness. Variants concern (VOCs) such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron have demonstrated increased transmissibility, altered pathogenicity, potential resistance neutralizing antibodies. Epidemiological tracking these is crucial for understanding spread, informing public health interventions, guiding vaccine development. also explores how specific mutations spike protein other genomic regions contribute fitness, affecting replication efficiency, immune escape, transmission dynamics. By integrating surveillance data with clinical findings, this provides a comprehensive overview ongoing evolution its implications strategies new

Language: Английский

---

Monkeypox, a Literature Review: What Is New and Where Does This concerning Virus Come From?

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1894 - 1894

Published: Aug. 27, 2022

Among the

Language: Английский

---

Human Orf with Immune-Mediated Reactions: A Systematic Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 1138 - 1138

Published: April 27, 2023

Background: Orf is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by virus (ORFV), which endemic in sheep and goats worldwide. Human usually self-limiting disease, but potential complications, including immune-mediated reactions, may occur. Methods: We included all articles regarding Orf-associated immunological complications published peer-reviewed medical journals. conducted literature search of the United States National Library Medicine, PubMed, MEDLINE, PubMed Central, PMC, Cochrane Controlled Trials. Results: A total 16 44 patients were included, prevalently Caucasian (22, 95.7%) female 57.9%). The prevailing reaction was erythema multiforme (26, 59.1%), followed bullous pemphigoid (7, 15.9%). In most cases, diagnosis made on basis clinical epidemiological history (29, 65.9%), while biopsy secondary lesions performed 15 (34.1%). 12 (27.3%) received local or systemic treatment for primary lesions. Surgical removal lesion described two cases (4.5%). Orf-immune-mediated reactions treated 22 (50.0%), mostly with topical corticosteroids (12, 70.6%). Clinical improvement reported cases. Conclusions: Orf-related immune can have varied presentation, it important clinicians to be aware this order make prompt diagnosis. main highlight our work presentation complicated from an infectious diseases specialist’s point view. better understanding disease its essential achieve correct management

Language: Английский

---

RNA barcode segments for SARS-CoV-2 identification from HCoVs and SARSr-CoV-2 lineages

Virologica Sinica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 156 - 168

Published: Jan. 20, 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen responsible for disease 2019 (COVID-19), continues to evolve, giving rise more variants and global reinfections. Previous research has demonstrated that barcode segments can effectively cost-efficiently identify specific species within closely related populations. In this study, we designed tested RNA based on genetic evolutionary relationships facilitate efficient accurate identification of SARS-CoV-2 from extensive virus samples, including human coronaviruses (HCoVs) SARSr-CoV-2 lineages. Nucleotide sequences sourced NCBI GISAID were meticulously selected curated construct training sets, encompassing 1,733 complete genome HCoVs Through genetic-level testing, validated accuracy reliability identifying SARS-CoV-2. Subsequently, 75 main subordinate species-specific SARS-CoV-2, located in ORF1ab, S, E, ORF7a, N coding sequences, intercepted screened single-nucleotide polymorphism sites weighted scores. Post-testing, these exhibited high recall rates (nearly 100%), specificity (almost 30% at nucleotide level), precision (100%) performance identification. They eventually visualized using one two-dimensional combined barcodes deposited an online database (http://virusbarcodedatabase.top/). The successful integration barcoding technology provides valuable insights future studies involving sequence analysis. Moreover, cost-effective approach also reference endeavors surveillance.

Language: Английский

---

Comparative analysis of prevention and control measures toward COVID-19 epidemic between Shanghai and Beijing

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 17, 2023

Purpose By serving and providing a guide for other regional places, this study aims to advance the epidemic prevention control methods, practices strengthen people’s ability respond COVID-19 future potential public health risks. Design/methodology/approach A comparative analysis was conducted that development trend effects both in Beijing Shanghai. In fact, regarding policy strategic areas, differences between governmental, social, professional management were discussed explored. To prevent be ready pandemics, experience knowledge used summarized. Findings The strong attack of Omicron variant early 2022 has posed challenges many Chinese cities. Shanghai, which had achieved relatively good performance fight against epidemic, exposed limitations its system face Omicron. city undertaken prompt severe lockdown measures rather results because learning from Shanghai’s lessons; adhering overall concept “dynamic clearing,” implementing precise monitoring, enhancing community control, making emergency plans preparations. All these actions are still essential shift pandemic response control. Research limitations/implications Different places have introduced different urgent policies spread pandemic. Strategies often been based on preliminary limited data tended slow evolve as new evidence emerges. Hence, anti-epidemic need further tested.

Language: Английский

---

Unraveling the Dynamics of Omicron (BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5) Waves and Emergence of the Deltacron Variant: Genomic Epidemiology of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in Cyprus (Oct 2021–Oct 2022)

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 1933 - 1933

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

Commencing in December 2019 with the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), three years disease (COVID-19) pandemic have transpired. The virus has consistently demonstrated a tendency for evolutionary adaptation, resulting mutations that impact both immune evasion and transmissibility. This ongoing process led to successive waves infections. study offers comprehensive assessment spanning genetic, phylogenetic, phylodynamic, phylogeographic dimensions, focused on trajectory SARS-CoV-2 epidemic Cyprus. Based dataset comprising 4700 viral genomic sequences obtained from affected individuals between October 2021 2022, our analysis is presented. Over this timeframe, total 167 distinct lineages sublineages emerged, including variants such as Delta Omicron (1, 2, 5). Notably, during fifth wave infections, subvariants 1 gained prominence, followed by ascendancy 5 subsequent sixth wave. Additionally, (December 2021-January 2022), unique set genetic associated variant 1, dubbed "Deltacron", was identified. phenomenon initially evoked skepticism, characterized concerns primarily centered around contamination or coinfection plausible etiological contributors. These hypotheses were predominantly disseminated through unsubstantiated assertions within realms social mass media, lacking concurrent scientific evidence validate their claims. Nevertheless, exhaustive molecular analyses presented occurrences would likely lead frameshift mutation-a aberration conspicuously absent provided sequences. substantiates accuracy initial assertion while refuting potential etiologies. Comparable observations global scale dispelled doubt, eventually leading recognition Delta-Omicron community monitoring World Health Organization (WHO). As investigation delved deeper into intricate dynamics Cyprus, discernible pattern highlighting major role international connections shaping virus's local trajectory. United States Kingdom central conduits governing entry exit Moreover, notable migratory routes included nations Greece, South Korea, France, Germany, Brazil, Spain, Australia, Denmark, Sweden, Italy. empirical findings underscore spread Cyprus markedly influenced influx new, highly transmissible variants, triggering infection. elucidates new infection advent contagious notably an abundance localized spike protein. discovery decisively contradicts hitherto hypothesis seasonal fluctuations epidemiological dynamics. emphasizes importance meticulously examining genetics alongside migration patterns specific region. Past experiences also emphasize substantial viruses SARS-CoV-2, underscoring need sustained vigilance. However, pandemic's continue evolve, balanced approach caution resilience becomes paramount. ethos encourages founded informed prudence self-preservation, guided public health authorities, rather than enduring apprehension. Such empowers societies adapt progress, fostering poised confidence rooted well-founded adaptation.

Language: Английский

---

Trends in SARS-CoV-2 clinically confirmed cases and viral load in wastewater: A critical alignment for Padua city (NE Italy)

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(10), P. e20571 - e20571

Published: Sept. 30, 2023

Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been depicted as a promising environmental surveillance tool and early warning system. Predictive models for estimate cases from wastewater viral loads also earned lot interest are currently under development. Hereby pilot study that compares WBE data with confirmed cases, total hospitalizations, doses vaccine administered predominance coronavirus variants. Composite 24hrs samples were collected weekly between September 2021 July 2022 Padua treatment plant. Samples processed following previously published method. One-step RT-qPCR was performed quantification, adapting an Orf1b-nsp14 gene assay. Variant replacement derived monthly bulletins Italian National Health Institute. Aggregate on prevalence hospitalizations retrieved official reports. Eighty-two processed. Viral highlighted 3 major peaks in January, April 2022. Quantitation SARS-CoV-2 clinical resulted temporally juxtaposable. However, variation two curves is not proportional. showed its highest peak April, whereas maximum achieved January. Total followed trend. Omicron BA.1 started to replace Delta variant December 2021. Subsequently, shift towards BA.2 occurred February Finally, BA.4/5 attested around June, somehow preceding summer peak. Emergence over could be possible driver increase both load January In late March 2022, replaced BA.1: this reflected steep load, but cases. When dramatic drop testing capacity occurred, possibly capable detecting substantial circulation.

Language: Английский

---

Clinical, Biochemical, and ATR-FTIR Spectroscopic Parameters Associated with Death or Survival in Patients with Severe COVID-19

Journal of Spectroscopy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023, P. 1 - 13

Published: March 11, 2023

The wide range of symptoms the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) makes it challenging to predict evolution using a single parameter. Therefore, describe pathophysiological response SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, we compared according survival or death, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, biochemical immunological attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra from saliva samples their correlation chemometric findings. Herein, demonstrate that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy allows description events related cell damage, such as lipids biogenesis secondary structure proteins associated lactate dehydrogenase albumin levels. Moreover, humoral (IgM) cellular (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6) responses were also increased who died COVID-19.

Language: Английский

---

Emergence of New SARS-CoV2 Omicron Variants after the Change of Surveillance and Control Strategy

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 1954 - 1954

Published: Sept. 30, 2022

In January 2022, there was a global and rapid surge of the Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 related to more transmission. This coincided with an increase in incidence Asturias, region where diagnosis containment measures had limited circulation variants.From June 34,591 variants were determined by SNP method. From them, 445 characterized WGS method classified following pangolin program phylogenic analysis.The went from being detected 2438 (78%) samples first week 2021 4074 (98%) third week, according Using method, 159 BA.1 (35.7%), 256 BA.2 (57.6%), 1 BA.4 (0.2%) 10 BA.5 (2.2%) found. Phylogenetic analysis that three new sub-clades, BA.2,3.5, BA.2.56 BF1, circulating.The SARS-CoV2 caused emerging variants. Viral evolution calls for continuous genomic surveillance.

Language: Английский

---

Comprehensive overview of 2022 human monkeypox outbreak and its pathology, prevention, and treatment: A strategy for disease control

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 277, P. 127504 - 127504

Published: Sept. 23, 2023

Language: Английский

---