Blastocystis: A Mysterious Member of the Gut Microbiome

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 461 - 461

Published: Feb. 24, 2024

Blastocystis is the most common gastrointestinal protist found in humans and animals. Although clinical significance of remains unclear, organism increasingly being viewed as a commensal member gut microbiome. However, its impact on microbiome still debated. It unclear whether promotes healthy directly or it more likely to colonize persist environment. In people, frequently associated with increased bacterial diversity significant differences Based current knowledge, not possible determine are cause result colonization. that some aspects this eukaryote’s role intestinal remain unknown effects vary, possibly due subtype intra-subtype variations immune modulation, research needed characterize these mechanisms greater detail. This review covers recent findings autoimmune diseases, has like bacteria gut–brain axis, relationship probiotics.

Language: Английский

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The Underrated Gut Microbiota Helminths, Bacteriophages, Fungi, and Archaea

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 1765 - 1765

Published: Aug. 18, 2023

The microbiota inhabits the gastrointestinal tract, providing essential capacities to host. is a crucial factor in intestinal health and regulates physiology. However, disturbances, named dysbiosis, can disrupt homeostasis, leading development of diseases. Classically, has been referred as bacteria, though other organisms form this complex group, including viruses, archaea, eukaryotes such fungi protozoa. This review aims clarify role helminths, bacteriophages, fungi, archaea homeostasis diseases, their interaction with use therapeutic targets maladies.

Language: Английский

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Structural and functional analyses of nematode-derived antimicrobial peptides support the occurrence of direct mechanisms of worm-microbiota interactions

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23, P. 1522 - 1533

Published: April 10, 2024

The complex relationships between gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes and the host gut microbiota have been implicated in key aspects of helminth disease infection outcomes. Nevertheless, direct indirect mechanisms governing these interactions are, thus far, largely unknown. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate that excretory-secretory products (ESPs) extracellular vesicles (EVs) GI contain peptides that, when recombinantly expressed, exert antimicrobial activity vitro against

Language: Английский

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Parasites: the future of biotherapy

One Health Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Abstract Biotherapy targets molecules that alter the immune response. It involves a plethora of organisms known to course myriad diseases and ailments. Many these can be life-threatening humans animals, exhibit resistance available antimicrobial medications. To address such ailments, traditional modernized therapies target specific responsible for altering response are currently being explored. Such utilize various impact progression numerous disorders. Diseases caused by certain also courses or outcomes other diseases. Biotherapies as helminth therapy, maggot debridement hirudotherapy use parasites (roundworms flatworms), arthropods (maggots), leeches (annelids), respectively, potential biological therapeutic sources treat autoimmune chronic Where conventional medicine fails, traditional-turned-modern alternative serve boost health prospects patients who vulnerable misery pain inflicted their Patients dealing with circumstances prevalent in developed countries, where there is enormous market any novel treatments discovered. In this review, we provide brief outlook on mechanisms action biotherapies, summarize roles human veterinary medicine.

Language: Английский

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Behavioral Cooperation or Conflict of Human Intestinal Roundworms and Microbiomes: A Bio-Activity Perspective

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 556 - 556

Published: April 7, 2025

Human infections are greatly impacted by intestinal nematodes. These nematodes, which encompass the large roundworms, have a direct impact on human health and well-being due to their close cohabitation with host’s microorganisms. When nematodes infect host, microbiome composition changes, this can ability control parasites. We aimed find out if small roundworms produce substances that antimicrobial properties respond microbial environment, immune regulatory reactions altered in humans lacking gut microbes. There is no doubt different living intestines alter balance of bacteria. Nonetheless, our knowledge about parasite’s influence remains restricted. The last two decades study revealed type iron utilized activation unique virulence factors. However, some roundworm proteins like P43, makes up portion worm’s excretory-secretory product, an unknown role. This review explores how bacterial network contributes adaptability opportunistic pathogen, allowing it successfully host environments.

Language: Английский

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Helminth-induced immune modulation in colorectal cancer: exploring therapeutic applications

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 14, 2025

Colorectal cancer is one of the most lethal tumors, posing a financial and healthcare burden. This study investigates how helminths pre-existing diseases such as colitis, obesity, diabetes, gut microbiota issues influence colon development prognosis. The immune system’s protective immunosuppressive response to helminth invasion minimizes inflammation-induced cell damage DNA mutations, lowering risk colorectal precursor lesions. Helminth infection-mediated immunosuppression can hasten growth metastasis, which detrimental patient outcomes. Some derivatives activate cells attack cells, making them potentially useful vaccines or therapies. review also covers gene editing approaches. We discovered that using CRISPR/Cas9 inhibit live modulates miRNA, limits tumor growth. propose more multicenter studies into therapy’s long-term effects regulation pathways. hope treat patients with therapy conventional treatments in an integrative setting.

Language: Английский

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Coevolutionary interplay: Helminths-trained immunity and its impact on the rise of inflammatory diseases

eLife, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 15, 2025

The gut biome, a complex ecosystem of micro- and macro-organisms, plays crucial role in human health. A disruption this evolutive balance, particularly during early life, can lead to immune dysregulation inflammatory disorders. ‘Biome repletion’ has emerged as potential therapeutic approach, introducing live microbes or helminth-derived products restore balance. While helminth therapy shown some promise, significant challenges remain optimizing clinical trials. Factors such patient genetics, disease status, species, the optimal timing dosage their metabolites must be carefully considered train system effectively. We aim discuss how helminths induce trained immunity prospective treat autoimmune diseases. molecular repertoire excretory/secretory (ESPs), which includes proteins, peptides, lipids, RNA-carrying extracellular vesicles (EVs), underscores modulate innate cells hematopoietic stem cell precursors. Mimicking natural delivery mechanisms like synthetic exosomes could revolutionize EV-based therapies production ESP will for translation into applications. By deciphering harnessing products’ diverse modes action, we unleash full pave way innovative treatments.

Language: Английский

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Sequential early-life viral infections modulate the microbiota and adaptive immune responses to systemic and mucosal vaccination

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. e1012557 - e1012557

Published: Oct. 2, 2024

Increasing evidence points to the microbial exposome as a critical factor in maturing and shaping host immune system, thereby influencing responses challenges such infections or vaccines. To investigate effect of early-life viral exposures on development vaccine responses, we inoculated mice with six distinct pathogens sequence beginning neonatal period, then evaluated their signatures before after intramuscular intranasal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Sequential infection drove profound changes all aspects including increasing circulating leukocytes, altering innate adaptive cell lineages tissues, markedly serum cytokine total antibody levels. Beyond these also modulated composition endogenous intestinal microbiota. Although sequentially-infected exhibited increased systemic activation T SARS-CoV-2 immunization, observed decreased vaccine-induced animals. These results suggest that are sufficient diminish mice, highlight potential importance considering prior when investigating responses.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Parasite Dynamics in an Amazonian Community Undergoing Urbanization in Colombia

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 17, 2025

Abstract Studies on human gut microbiota have recently highlighted a significant decline in bacterial diversity associated with urbanization, driven by shifts toward processed diets, increased antibiotic usage, and improved sanitation practices. This phenomenon has been largely overlooked the Colombian Amazon, despite rapid urbanization region. In this study, we investigate composition of intestinal protozoa soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) both urban rural areas Leticia, which is located southern Amazon. Despite their geographic proximity, population predominantly non-indigenous, while indigenous communities mostly inhabit area, resulting notable lifestyle differences between two settings. Our analyses reveal reduction families linked to non-processed such as Lachnospiraceae, Spirochaetaceae , Succinivibrionaceae environment compared counterparts. Interestingly, Prevotellaceae typically food consumption, shows significantly higher abundance Leticia. STH infections were primarily detected ubiquitous areas. Both types parasites richness diversity. Additionally, microbial metabolic prediction analysis indicated pathways related unsaturated fatty acid production aerobic respiration microbiomes. finding suggests tendency towards dysbiosis microbiota, possibly increasing susceptibility non-communicable chronic diseases. These findings provide new insights into impact dynamics Amazonian context underscore need for further research elucidate any health outcomes. Relevance Changes populations rise diseases, autoimmune conditions, diabetes, cancer. As developing countries undergo demographic shift accompanied changes diet, housing, medication use, there concerning loss Therefore, it essential populations, Amazon basin. A better understanding local generalizable through may facilitate development targeted programs aimed at promoting diet changes, prevent diseases that healthcare systems be ill-equipped effectively address.

Language: Английский

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How do parasitic worms prevent diabetes? An exploration of their influence on macrophage and β-cell crosstalk

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 26, 2023

Diabetes is the fastest growing chronic disease globally, with prevalence increasing at a faster rate than heart and cancer. While presents clinically as hyperglycaemia, two distinct subtypes have been recognised. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) characterised an autoimmune in which insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells are destroyed, type 2 (T2D) arises due to metabolic insufficiency, inadequate amounts of insulin produced, and/or actions diminished. It now apparent that pro-inflammatory responses cause loss functional β-cell mass, this common underlying mechanism both T1D T2D. Macrophages central immune cells pathogenesis diseases play major role initiation perpetuation proinflammatory compromise function. Furthermore, it crosstalk between macrophages orchestrates inflammatory response ensuing dysfunction/destruction. Conversely, can induce tolerance preservation mass Thus, specifically targeting intercellular communication offers unique strategy prevent/halt islet events underpinning Due their potent ability regulate mammalian responses, parasitic worms (helminths), excretory/secretory products, examined for potential therapeutic agents This research has yielded positive results prevention, animal models. However, focus on modulation effectors. approach ignored direct effects helminths products β-cells, signal exchange β-cells. review explores how alterations induced by helminths, influence promote function survival. In addition, evidence parasite-derived interact directly endocrine prevent death enhance discussed. new paradigm two-way conversations opens avenues treatment immune-mediated disease.

Language: Английский

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