SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of cell tropism in various organs considering host factors

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. e26577 - e26577

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

A critical step in the drug design for SARS-CoV-2 is to discover its molecular targets. This study comprehensively reviewed mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, exploring host cell tropism and interaction targets crucial entry. The findings revealed that beyond ACE2 as primary entry receptor, alternative receptors, co-receptors, several proteases such TMPRSS2, Furin, Cathepsin L, ADAM play roles virus subsequent pathogenesis. Additionally, displays various human organs due diverse receptors. review delves into intricate details proteases, involvement each organ. Polymorphisms receptor mutations spike or RBD region contribute emergence variants like Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron, impacting pathogenicity SARS-CoV-2. challenge posed by raises questions about effectiveness existing vaccines drugs, necessitating consideration updates their formulations. In urgency these situations, repurposed drugs Camostat Mesylate Nafamostat emerge viable pharmaceutical options. Numerous are involved inhibiting receptors factors entry, with most discussed this review. conclusion, may provide valuable insights inform decisions therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Biomarkers at the Crossroad between Patient Stratification and Targeted Therapy: The Role of Validated and Proposed Parameters

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 7099 - 7099

Published: April 12, 2023

Clinical knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms and COVID-19 pathophysiology have enormously increased during the pandemic. Nevertheless, because of great heterogeneity disease manifestations, a precise patient stratification at admission is still difficult, thus rendering rational allocation limited medical resources as well tailored therapeutic approach challenging. To date, many hematologic biomarkers been validated to support early triage SARS-CoV-2-positive patients monitor their progression. Among them, some indices proven be not only predictive parameters, but also direct or indirect pharmacological targets, allowing for more single-patient symptoms, especially in those with severe progressive disease. While blood test-derived parameters quickly entered routine clinical practice, other circulating proposed by several researchers who investigated reliability specific cohorts. Despite usefulness contexts potential interest such experimental markers implemented mainly due higher costs low availability general hospital settings. This narrative review will present an overview most commonly adopted practice promising ones emerging from population studies. Considering that each reflects aspect evolution, embedding new highly informative into testing could help stratification, guiding timely method intervention.

Language: Английский

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Anexelekto (AXL) no more: microRNA-155 (miR-155) controls the “Uncontrolled” in SARS-CoV-2

Human Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(3), P. 582 - 592

Published: March 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Highlighting fibroblast plasticity in lung fibrosis: the WI-38 cell line as a model for investigating the myofibroblast and lipofibroblast switch

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 3603 - 3622

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Myofibroblasts (MYFs) are generally considered the principal culprits in excessive extracellular matrix deposition and scar formation pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Lipofibroblasts (LIFs), on other hand, defined by their lipid-storing capacity predominantly found alveolar regions lung. They have been proposed to play a protective role We previously reported that LIF MYF reversible differentiation switch occurred during fibrosis resolution. In this study, we tested whether WI-38 cells, human embryonic fibroblast cell line, could be used study towards or phenotype relevant for idiopathic pulmonary (IPF).

Language: Английский

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C1632 protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury by regulating AXL-mediated MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 114542 - 114542

Published: March 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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The integration of scRNA-seq with microarray and in-vivo experiments facilitates a comprehensive elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial cell involvement in myocardial infarction

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 766, P. 151820 - 151820

Published: April 14, 2025

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in TAM mechanisms in lung diseases

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: April 26, 2025

TYRO3, MERTK, and AXL receptor tyrosine kinases, collectively known as TAM receptors, play a vital role in maintaining lung tissue homeostasis by regulating integrity self-renewal. These receptors activate signalling pathways that inhibit apoptosis, promote cell proliferation differentiation, mediate adhesion migration, perform other essential biological functions. Additionally, are implicated mechanisms suppress anti-tumor immunity confer resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Disruption of the homeostatic balances can lead pathological conditions such inflammation, fibrosis, or tumors. Recent studies highlight their significant COVID-19-induced injury. However, exact which contribute diseases remain unclear. This article reviews potential involvement disease progression, focusing on cancer, It also explores future research aspects therapeutic potentials targeting providing theoretical foundation for understanding identifying treatment targets.

Language: Английский

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The functional role of the extracellular matrix in inflammatory bowel disease associated gut fibrosis

Matrix Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 139, P. 29 - 48

Published: May 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D Supplementation in Neonatal and Infant MIS-C Following COVID-19 Infection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 3712 - 3712

Published: March 27, 2024

To date, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still represents a great clinical challenge worldwide, and effective anti-COVID-19 drugs are limited. For this reason, nutritional supplements have been investigated as adjuvant therapeutic approaches in disease management. Among such supplements, vitamin D has gained interest, due to its immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory actions both adult pediatric populations. Even if there is conflicting evidence about prevention and/or mitigation effectiveness infection, several studies demonstrated strict correlation between hypovitaminosis severity acute COVID-19 MIS-C (multisystem inflammatory syndrome children). This narrative review offers resume of state art D’s role immunity use context current pandemic, specially focusing on manifestations MIS-C. It seems biologically reasonable that interventions aimed at normalizing circulating levels could be beneficial. help clinicians establishing correct prophylaxis supportive therapy with D, well-designed adequately statistically powered trials involving populations needed. Moreover, will also discuss few other nutraceuticals evaluated context.

Language: Английский

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Immunological role of Gas6/TAM signaling in hemostasis and thrombosis

Thrombosis Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 238, P. 161 - 171

Published: May 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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