Lifestyle factors as determinants of atherosclerotic cardiovascular health

Atherosclerosis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 395, P. 117577 - 117577

Published: May 10, 2024

A sedentary lifestyle, low levels of physical activity and fitness, poor dietary patterns, psychosocial stress are strongly associated with increased morbidity mortality from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Conversely, engaging in regular activity, maintaining optimal fitness levels, adhering to a heart-healthy pattern, effectively managing body weight, ensuring adequate sleep, implementing stress-reduction strategies, addressing risk factors reduced ASCVD. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence large observational studies randomized controlled trials on lifestyle as determinants ASCVD health. It also briefly reviews mechanistic insights into how such shear stress, reactive oxygen species production, chronic inflammation, platelets coagulation activation, endothelial dysfunction, sympathetic hyperactivity contribute the initiation exacerbation factors. These include obesity, hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, subsequently leading development progression atherosclerosis, ultimately resulting or acute events. To bridge translational gap between epidemiologic trial-based clinical practice, practical recommendations summarized facilitate translation scientific knowledge actionable interventions promote Acknowledged is evidence-based adoption within healthcare systems, which remains crucial objective advancing health at population level.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant-Rich Functional Foods and Exercise: Unlocking Metabolic Health Through Nrf2 and Related Pathways

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1098 - 1098

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

This article reviews the synergistic effects of antioxidant-enriched functional foods and exercise in improving metabolic health, focusing on underlying molecular mechanisms. The review incorporates evidence from PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Science, PsycINFO, reference lists relevant up to 20 December 2024, highlighting central role Nrf2 pathway. As a critical regulator oxidative stress adaptation, mediates benefits these interventions. presents an innovative approach understanding regulation inflammation, its potential prevention treatment various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular pulmonary diabetes, inflammatory conditions, ageing, infections such as COVID-19. novelty this study is investigate bioactive compounds found (such polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins) exercise-induced activation combined reveals their improve insulin sensitivity lipid metabolism reduce offering promising strategy for management chronic diseases. However, there are significant gaps current research, particularly regarding mechanisms interaction between diet, physical activity, activation, well long-term different populations, those with In addition, interactions other signalling pathways, AMPK, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, collective contributions health explored. Furthermore, novel biomarkers presented assess impact strategies, NAD+/NADH ratio, GSH markers mitochondrial health. findings provide valuable insights into how integration antioxidant-rich diet regular can by activating related pathways represent strategies disorders. Further studies needed fully understand therapeutic interventions diseases stress, disease, cancer.

Language: Английский

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Fecal bacteria transplantation replicates aerobic exercise to reshape the gut microbiota in mice to inhibit high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e0314698 - e0314698

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Aerobic exercise exerts a significant impact on the gut microbiota imbalance and atherosclerosis induced by high-fat diet. However, whether fecal transplantation, based aerobic exercise, can improve progression remains unexplored. In this study, we utilized male C57 mice to establish models of atherosclerosis, followed transplantation(Fig 1a). Firstly, analyzed body weight, somatotype, adipocyte area, aortic HE images model mice. Our findings revealed that diet -induced exhibited elevated lipid accumulation, larger more severe progression. Additionally, assessed plasma levels, inflammatory factors, composition in each group displayed dyslipidemia along with responses reduced diversity as well abundance beneficial bacteria. Subsequently performing transplantation demonstrated experienced weight loss accompanied accumulation while normalizing their profile; furthermore it significantly improved blood lipids inflammation markers thereby exhibiting notable anti- effects. The suggest modify diet-induced atherosclerosis(Fig 1b). Moreover, these effects be effectively transmitted through offering promising therapeutic approach for managing atherosclerosis.

Language: Английский

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Exercise as a transdiagnostic intervention for improving mental health: an umbrella review

Journal of Psychiatric Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Non-coding RNAs in exercise immunology: A systematic review

Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 311 - 338

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

Regular physical exercise has been recognized as a potent modulator of immune function, with its effects including enhanced surveillance, reduced inflammation, and improved overall health. While strong evidence exists that affects the specific expression activity non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) also involved in system regulation, heterogeneity individual study designs analyzed protocols exists, condensed list functional, exercise-dependent ncRNAs known targets is missing from literature. A systematic review qualitative analysis was used to identify categorize participating modulation by exercise. Two combined approaches were used: (a) literature search for "ncRNA immunology", (b) database microRNAs (miRNAs) (miRTarBase DIANA-Tarbase v8) aligned target genes based on Reactome database, exercise". Literature searches PubMed, Web Science, SPORTDiscus; miRNA databases filtered validated vitro experimental data. Studies eligible if they reported exercise-based interventions healthy humans. After duplicate removal, 95 studies included reporting 164 miRNAs, which synthesis. Six long-noncoding (lncRNAs) or circular identified. Results using ordering tables modality (endurance/resistance exercise), acute chronic interventions, well consistency change between studies. Evaluation criteria defined "validated" 100% ≥3 independent showing identical direction "plausible" (≥80%), "suggestive" (≥70%). For resistance exercise, upregulation miR-206 while downregulation miR-133a appeared plausible. endurance 15 miRNAs categorized validated, 12 being consistently elevated 3 downregulated, most them after training. In conclusion, our approach provides play major role exercise-induced innate adaptive targeting different pathways affecting cell distribution, trafficking production (anti-)inflammatory cytokines. miR-15, miR-29c, miR-30a, miR-142/3, miR-181a, miR-338 emerged key players mediating immunomodulatory predominantly bouts

Language: Английский

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Joint association of physical activity and diet quality with dyslipidemia: a cross-sectional study in Western China

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2024

Abstract Objective This study aims to investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and assess joint association physical activity (PA) diet quality on risk in urban areas Xinjiang. Methods Conducted from July 2019 September 2021 Xinjiang, China, this cross-sectional involved 11,855 participants (mean age 47.1 ± 9.4 years, 53.1% male). Standard methods were used measure plasma cholesterol levels, validated questionnaires employed evaluate dietary habits PA. The definition is based 2023 Chinese guidelines for lipid management. PA was divided into guideline-recommended moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) non-MVPA, following World Health Organization guidelines. Food Frequency Questionnaire obtain intake frequency each term. Each item scored consumption three groups (good, intermediate, poor) total score. Multivariate logistic regression analysis performed identify factors, as well quality. Results Dyslipidemia among adults Xinjiang 39.3%, with notable sex disparities (52.6% males vs. 24.3% females, P < 0.001). Among dyslipidemia, awareness, treatment control rates 6.9%, 3.1%, 1.9%, respectively. A significant multiplicative interaction between associated (P 0.05). Less poor an increased odds dyslipidemia. Even individuals (OR = 1.464, 95% CI: 1.106–1.939) or intermediate 1.229, 1.003–1.505) but adhering recommended MVPA had lower compared those good inadequate 1.510, 1.252–1.821). Conclusions 39.3% limited treatment, control. Following maintaining protective against Low levels a higher even

Language: Английский

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Estimation of machine learning-based models to predict dementia risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: a UK Biobank study (Preprint)

JMIR Aging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8, P. e64148 - e64148

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Background The atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is associated with dementia. However, the risk factors of dementia in patients ASCVD remain unclear, necessitating development accurate prediction models. Objective aim study to develop a machine learning model for use predict using available clinical and sociodemographic data. Methods This prognostic included between 2006 2010, registration follow-up data ending on April 2023 based UK Biobank. We implemented data-driven strategy, identifying predictors from 316 variables developing incident dementia, Alzheimer disease, vascular within 5, 10, longer-term ASCVD. Results A total 29,561 were included, 1334 (4.51%) developed during median time 10.3 (IQR 7.6-12.4) years. best (UK Biobank model) was light gradient boosting machine, comprising 10 including age, complete pairs matching tasks, mean correctly identify matches, sphered cell volume, glucose levels, forced expiratory volume 1 second z score, C-reactive protein, vital capacity, engaging activities, age first had sexual intercourse. achieved following performance metrics all dementia: area under receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.866 (SD 0.027), accuracy: 0.883 0.010), sensitivity: 0.637 0.084), specificity: 0.914 0.012), precision: 0.479 0.031), F1-score: 0.546 0.043). Meanwhile, this well-calibrated (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed goodness-of-fit P value>.99) maintained robust across different temporal cohorts. Besides, beneficial potential practice decision curve analysis. Conclusions findings suggest that predictive modeling could inform clinicians about at

Language: Английский

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Some drugs can make the prevention of atherosclerosis through physical exercises more efficient

Medical Hypotheses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111574 - 111574

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Cardiac macrophage metabolism in health and disease

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(3), P. 249 - 262

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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Effect of Regular Training on Platelet Function in Untrained Thoroughbreds

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 414 - 414

Published: Jan. 27, 2024

Training has a significant effect on the physiology of blood coagulation in humans and horses. Several hemostatic changes have been reported after exercise horse but data available are inconclusive. The aim this study was to investigate platelet activation primary platelet-related hemostasis modifications young never-trained Thoroughbreds first incremental training period order improve knowledge topic. Twenty-nine clinically healthy, untrained, 2-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses were followed during their 4-month sprint training. Blood collection performed once month, five times total (T-30, T0, T30, T60, T90). Platelet aggregation measured by light transmission aggregometry response various agonists: adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, calcium ionophore A23187. function evaluated using analyzer (PFA-100®) collagen/ADP collagen/adrenaline cartridges. Nitrite-nitrate (NOx) plasma concentrations via colorimetric assay assess vivo nitric oxide bioavailability. also investigated through gene expression analyses (selectin P-SELP, ectonucleotidase CD39-ENTPD1, prostaglandin I2 synthase-PTGIS, endothelial synthase 3-NOS3). Differences among time points analyzed mean ± SEM calculated. Significant identified compared with T-30, an increase (collagen:32.6 4.8 vs. 21.6 4.9%; ADP: 35.5 2.0 24.5 3.1%; A23187: 30 4.7 23.8 4%) shorter closure C-ADP cartridges (75.6 4.4 87.7 3.4 s) that tended return baseline value at T90. NOx significantly increased days program baseline. long-term seems induce hyperactivity Thoroughbreds. Regular physical reduces negative effects acute efforts activation.

Language: Английский

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