Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Sciences),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 1, 2024
Recurrence
and
metastasis
remain
the
leading
cause
of
death
in
breast
cancer
patients
due
to
lack
effective
treatment.
A
microenvironment
suitable
for
cell
growth,
referred
as
pre-metastatic
niche
(PMN),
is
formed
distant
organs
before
occurs.
Myeloid-derived
suppressor
cells
(MDSCs)
are
a
heterogenous
population
immature
myeloid
with
immunosuppressive
effects.
They
can
expand
large
numbers
participate
formation
PMN.
MDSCs
remodel
extracellular
matrix
pulmonary
vascular
endothelial
recruit
stem
promote
lung
cancer.
Furthermore,
facilitate
immune
evasion
impact
efficacy
immunotherapy.
It
proposed
that
represent
potential
therapeutic
target
inhibition
recurrence
Therapeutic
strategies
targeting
have
also
shown
promising
preclinical
studies
clinical
trials.
This
review
presents
summary
principal
factors
involved
recruitment
activation
during
PMN,
outlines
MDSC
functions
such
immunosuppression
current
targeted
therapies
against
MDSCs,
aiming
provide
new
ideas
treatment
metastases
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(20), P. 15332 - 15332
Published: Oct. 18, 2023
Breast
cancer
(BC),
one
of
the
most
widespread
and
devastating
diseases
affecting
women
worldwide,
presents
a
significant
public
health
challenge.
This
review
explores
emerging
frontiers
research
focused
on
deciphering
intricate
interplay
between
BC
cells
immune
microenvironment.
Understanding
role
system
in
is
critical
as
it
holds
promise
for
novel
therapeutic
approaches
precision
medicine
strategies.
delves
into
current
literature
regarding
microenvironment's
contribution
to
initiation,
progression,
metastasis.
It
examines
complex
mechanisms
by
which
interact
with
various
cell
populations,
including
tumor-infiltrating
lymphocytes
(TILs)
tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs).
Furthermore,
this
highlights
impact
immune-related
factors,
such
cytokines
checkpoint
molecules.
Additionally,
comprehensive
analysis
sheds
light
potential
biomarkers
associated
response
BC,
enabling
early
diagnosis
prognostic
assessment.
The
implications
targeting
microenvironment
are
also
explored,
encompassing
immunotherapeutic
strategies
combination
therapies
enhance
treatment
efficacy.
significance
lies
its
pave
way
interventions,
providing
clinicians
researchers
essential
knowledge
design
targeted
personalized
regimens
patients.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Dec. 13, 2024
Triple-negative
breast
cancer
(TNBC)
is
an
aggressive
subtype
of
characterized
by
the
absence
progesterone
and
estrogen
receptors
low
(or
absent)
HER2
expression.
TNBC
accounts
for
15-20%
all
cancers.
It
associated
with
younger
age,
a
higher
mutational
burden,
increased
risk
recurrence
mortality.
Standard
treatment
primarily
relies
on
cytotoxic
agents,
such
as
taxanes,
anthracyclines,
platinum
compounds
both
early
advanced
stages
disease.
Several
targeted
therapies,
including
bevacizumab
sunitinib,
have
failed
to
demonstrate
significant
clinical
benefit
in
TNBC.
The
emergence
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICI)
has
revolutionized
treatment.
By
stimulating
system,
ICIs
induce
durable
anti-tumor
response
across
various
solid
tumors.
particularly
promising
target
due
levels
tumor-infiltrating
lymphocytes
(TIL),
PD-L1
expression,
which
generates
tumor-specific
neoantigens
that
activate
cells.
administered
monotherapy
yields
only
modest
response;
however,
rates
significantly
improve
when
are
combined
tumors
expressing
PD-L1.
Pembrolizumab
approved
use
combination
standard
chemotherapy.
However,
more
research
needed
identify
potent
biomarkers,
better
elucidate
synergism
other
agents.
In
this
review,
we
explore
challenges
immunotherapy
TNBC,
examining
mechanisms
tumor
progression
mediated
cells
within
microenvironment,
signaling
pathways
involved
primary
acquired
resistance.
Finally,
provide
comprehensive
overview
ongoing
trials
underway
investigate
novel
immune-targeted
therapies
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
Metastatic
disease,
a
leading
and
lethal
indication
of
deaths
associated
with
tumors,
results
from
the
dissemination
metastatic
tumor
cells
site
primary
origin
to
distant
organ.
Dispersion
during
development
tumors
at
organs
leads
failure
comply
conventional
treatments,
ultimately
instigating
abrupt
tissue
homeostasis
organ
failure.
Increasing
evidence
indicates
that
microenvironment
(TME)
is
crucial
factor
in
cancer
progression
process
secondary
sites.
TME
comprises
several
factors
contributing
initiation
cascade.
Among
these,
various
cell
types
TME,
such
as
mesenchymal
stem
(MSCs),
lymphatic
endothelial
(LECs),
cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs),
myeloid-derived
suppressor
(MDSCs),
T
cells,
tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs),
are
significant
players
participating
metastasis.
Besides,
other
factors,
extracellular
matrix
(ECM),
gut
microbiota,
circadian
rhythm,
hypoxia,
also
shape
impact
A
thorough
understanding
functions
components
metastasis
necessary
discover
new
therapeutic
strategies
targeting
TME.
Therefore,
we
reviewed
these
pivotal
highlighted
background
knowledge
on
how
disrupted
influence
cascade
establish
premetastatic
niche.
This
review
will
help
researchers
identify
altered
components’
molecular
patterns
design
an
optimized,
targeted
therapy
treat
solid
restrict
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(6), P. 2795 - 2795
Published: March 20, 2025
Triple-negative
breast
cancer
(TNBC)
is
an
aggressive
subtype
of
characterized
by
the
absence
estrogen
receptors
(ER),
progesterone
(PR),
and
HER2
expression.
While
TNBC
relatively
less
common,
accounting
for
only
10–15%
initial
diagnosis,
due
to
its
nature,
it
carries
a
worse
prognosis
in
comparison
hormone
receptor-positive
counterparts.
Despite
significant
advancements
screening,
treatment
cancer,
remains
important
public
health
burden.
Following
with
chemotherapy,
surgery,
radiation,
over
40%
patients
experience
relapse
within
3
years
achieve
least
benefit
from
post-mastectomy
radiation.
The
tumor
microenvironment
environment
(TME)
pivotal
initiation,
progression,
immune
evasion,
resistance,
prognosis.
TME
complex
network
that
consists
cells,
non-immune
soluble
factors
located
region
adjacent
modulates
therapeutic
response
differentially
between
TNBC.
mechanisms
underlying
radiation
resistance
remain
unclear,
immunosuppressive
has
been
implicated
chemotherapeutic
resistance.
Radiation
therapy
(RT)
known
alter
TME;
however,
changes
elicited
are
poorly
date,
whether
these
contribute
unknown.
This
review
delves
into
distinct
characteristics
TME,
explores
how
RT
influences
dynamics,
examines
radiosensitization,
radioresistance,
responses.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(1), P. 257 - 263
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Background:
Myeloid-derived
suppressor
cells
(MDSC)
are
immature
myeloid
with
suppressive
function
that
has
been
thoroughly
documented
in
the
setting
of
cancer.
Our
purpose
was
to
evaluate
levels
MDSC
and
their
subsets
a
cohort
Egyptian
patients
breast
Methods:
Evaluation
peripheral
blood
total
its
subset
done
using
multicolor
flowcytometry
30
malignant,
10
benign
tumor
healthy
control
females.
Results:
BC
had
higher
compared
controls
(p=
0.01)
particularly
Monocytic
(M-MDSC)
abnormal
(p
=
0.001
p
<0.001,
respectively).
A
size
>
2
cm
exhibited
significantly
granulocytic
MDSCs
(G-MDSCs)
<
0.02)
whereas
were
0.037).
Conclusion:
can
be
used
as
prognostic
marker
well
potential
targets
for
treatment
cancer
patients.
Discover Oncology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Aug. 27, 2024
Breast
cancer
(BC)
is
the
most
prevalent
malignant
tumor
among
women
worldwide
and
a
significant
cause
of
cancer-related
deaths
in
females.
Recent
studies
have
shown
that
lipid
metabolism-related
genes
(LMRGs)
exhibit
prognostic
potential
various
types
tumors,
including
BC.
Our
study
aimed
to
establish
novel
model
predict
metastasis
Clinical
information
corresponding
RNA
data
patients
with
BC
were
downloaded
from
The
Cancer
Genome
Atlas
Gene
Expression
Omnibus
databases.
Consensus
clustering
was
performed
identify
molecular
subgroups.
Estimation
Stromal
Immune
Cells
Malignant
Tumor
Tissues
using
Expression,
microenvironment
cell
populations
counter,
single-sample
gene
set
enrichment
analyses
employed
determine
immune
status
identified
Functional
analyses,
Ontology
conducted
elucidate
underlying
mechanisms.
A
risk
constructed
Least
Absolute
Shrinkage
Selection
Operator
algorithm
multivariate
Cox
regression
analysis.
This
differential
expression
between
exhibiting
those
without
public
Using
obtained
data,
we
established
predictive
models
based
on
six
LMRGs.
Furthermore,
consensus
score
grouping
analysis
revealed
differentially
expressed
LMRGs
influence
prognosis
by
regulating
immunity.
To
facilitate
clinical
application,
developed
nomogram
integrating
characteristics
accurately
We
validated
signature
associated
for
predicting
disease-free
survival
correlates
BC,
providing
new
insights
improved
strategies
diagnosis
treatment
