RNA-based diagnostic innovations: A new frontier in diabetes diagnosis and management

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

Background/Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a major global health challenge due to its chronic nature and associated complications. Traditional diagnostic approaches, though effective, often lack the sensitivity required for early-stage detection. Recent advancements in molecular biology have identified RNA molecules, particularly non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long (lncRNAs), circular (circRNAs), promising biomarkers diabetes. This review aims explore role of RNA-based diagnosis, prognosis, management diabetes, highlighting their potential revolutionize diabetes care. Method: A comprehensive literature was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web Science. Articles published up 2024 were screened analyzed extract relevant findings related diagnostics Emphasis placed on studies demonstrating clinical utility, mechanistic insights, translational molecules. Results: Numerous species, miRNAs miR-375, miR-29, lncRNAs like H19 MEG3, exhibit altered expression patterns diabetic patients. These molecules are involved key regulatory pathways glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, β-cell function. Circulating detectable various biofluids, enabling non-invasive approaches. Emerging technologies, sequencing liquid biopsy platforms, enhanced specificity detection, fostering development novel tools personalized therapeutic strategies. Conclusion: hold significant promise advancing early risk stratification, monitoring Despite current challenges standardization validation, integration into routine practice could transform management, paving way precision medicine Further research multi-center trials essential validate these facilitate approval implementation.

Language: Английский

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Non-Coding RNAs and Human Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(14), P. 11679 - 11679

Published: July 20, 2023

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a family of RNA molecules that, unlike messenger RNAs, not templates for protein synthesis but have an essential or regulatory role in this process [...].

Language: Английский

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miR‐210 as a therapeutic target in diabetes‐associated endothelial dysfunction

British Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

Abstract Background and Purpose MicroRNA (miR)‐210 function in endothelial cells its role diabetes‐associated dysfunction are not fully understood. We aimed to characterize the miR‐210 study therapeutic potential diabetes. Experimental Approach Two different diabetic mouse models ( db/db Western diet‐induced), knockout transgenic mice, isolated vessels human were used. Key Results levels lower aortas from than control mice. Endothelium‐dependent relaxation (EDR) was impaired this restored by inhibiting downstream protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), mitochondrial glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2), oxidative stress. Inhibition of these pathways also improved EDR both models. High glucose reduced aortas, effects that reversed overexpressing miR‐210. However, plasma affected individuals with type diabetes (T2D) following glycaemic status. Of note, genetic overexpression using mice pharmacological mimic vivo ameliorated decreasing PTP1B, GPD2 Genetic altered aortic transcriptome, genes involved decreased nitric oxide production high cells. Conclusion Implications This unravels mechanisms which down‐regulated induces T2D demonstrates serves as a novel target.

Language: Английский

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Platelet-derived microvesicles isolated from type-2 diabetes mellitus patients harbour an altered miRNA signature and drive MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cell invasion

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. e0304870 - e0304870

Published: June 20, 2024

The underlying causes of breast cancer are diverse, however, there is a striking association between type 2 diabetes and poor patient outcomes. Platelet activation common feature both has been implicated in tumourigenesis through multitude pathways. Here transcriptomic analysis patient-derived platelet microvesicles revealed an altered miRNA signature compared with normoglycaemic control patients. Interestingly, interrogation these data identifies shift towards oncogenic diabetes-derived microvesicles, increased levels miRNAs progression prognosis. Functional studies demonstrate that isolated from blood internalised by triple-negative cells vitro , co-incubation led to significantly expression epithelial mesenchymal transition markers cell invasion healthy volunteers. Together, suggest circulating PMVs patients may contribute the cancer.

Language: Английский

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Hyperglycemia and microRNAs in prostate cancer

Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Rephrasing the ‘David-Goliath’ story in the field of diabetes

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(1)

Published: May 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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