Polyphenols in Plants: Structure, Biosynthesis, Abiotic Stress Regulation, and Practical Applications (Review)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(18), P. 13874 - 13874

Published: Sept. 9, 2023

Phenolic compounds or polyphenols are among the most common of secondary metabolism in plants. Their biosynthesis is characteristic all plant cells and carried out with participation shikimate acetate-malonate pathways. In this case, various structures formed, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, oligomeric polymeric phenolic nature. number already exceeds 10,000. The diversity phenolics affects their biological activity functional role. Most representatives characterized by interaction reactive oxygen species, which manifests itself not only plants but also human body, where they enter through food chains. Having a high activity, successfully used medicines nutritional supplements for health population. accumulation depend on many factors, including physiological-biochemical, molecular-genetic, environmental factors. review, we present latest literature data structure classes compounds, antioxidant biosynthesis, molecular genetic aspects (genes transfactors). Since grow significant changes planet, response to action abiotic factors (light, UV radiation, temperature, heavy metals) at level composition these metabolites, well metabolic regulation, considered. Information given about important necessary components nutrition pharmaceutically valuable substances Proposals promising areas research development field presented.

Language: Английский

---

A‐type proanthocyanidins: Sources, structure, bioactivity, processing, nutrition, and potential applications

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(3)

Published: April 18, 2024

A-type proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a subgroup of PAs that differ from B-type by the presence an ether bond between two consecutive constitutive units. This additional C-O-C gives them more stable and hydrophobic character. They increasing interest due to their potential multiple nutritional effects with low toxicity in food processing supplement development. have been identified several plants. However, role PAs, especially complex polymeric form (degree polymerization linkage), has not specifically discussed explored. Therefore, recent advances physicochemical structural changes functional properties during extraction, processing, storing evaluated. In addition, discussions on sources, structures, bioactivities, applications industry, future research trends derivatives highlighted. Litchis, cranberries, avocados, persimmons all favorable plant sources. Α-type contribute directly or indirectly human nutrition via regulation different degrees bonding types. Thermal could negative impact amount structure matrix. More attention should be focused nonthermal technologies better preserve architecture structure. The diversity complexity these compounds, as well difficulty isolating purifying natural remain obstacles further applications. received widespread acceptance industry but yet achieved maximum for food. Further development therefore needed.

Language: Английский

---

Effects of Anthocyanins on Components of Metabolic Syndrome—A Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1103 - 1103

Published: April 9, 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant health problem. The co-occurrence of obesity, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidaemia estimated to affect 20-30% adults worldwide. Researchers are seeking solutions prevent treat the conditions related MetS. Preventive medicine, which focuses on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including diet, plays special role. A diet rich in fruits vegetables has documented benefits, mainly due polyphenolic compounds it contains. Anthocyanins represent major group polyphenols; they exhibit anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory anticancer activities, as well beneficial effects endothelial function oxidative stress. This review presents recent reports mechanisms involved protective anthocyanins body, especially among people with It includes epidemiological data, vivo vitro preclinical studies clinical observational studies. effective, widely available that can be used both prevention treatment MetS its complications. Increased consumption anthocyanin-rich foods may contribute maintenance normal body weight modulation lipid profile adults. However, further investigation needed confirm serum glucose levels, improvement insulin sensitivity reduction systolic diastolic blood pressure.

Language: Английский

---

Exploring the mechanism of flavonoids modification by dimerization strategies and their potential to enhance biological activity

Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 467, P. 142266 - 142266

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Therapeutic Potential of Cranberry Proanthocyanidins in Addressing the Pathophysiology of Metabolic Syndrome: A Scrutiny of Select Mechanisms of Action

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 268 - 268

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) constitutes a spectrum of interconnected conditions comprising obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance (IR). While singular, all-encompassing treatment for MetS remains elusive, an integrative approach involving tailored lifestyle modifications emerging functional food therapies holds promise in preventing its multifaceted manifestations. Our main objective was to scrutinize the efficacy cranberry proanthocyanidins (PAC, 200 mg/kg/day 12 weeks) mitigating pathophysiology male mice subjected standard Chow or high-fat/high-fructose (HFHF) diets while unravelling intricate mechanisms. The administration PAC, conjunction with HFHF diet, significantly averted evidenced by reductions body weight, adiposity across various fat depots, adipocyte hypertrophy. Similarly, PAC prevented HFHF-induced hyperglycemia hyperinsulinemia also lessening IR. Furthermore, proved effective alleviating key risk factors associated cardiovascular diseases diminishing plasma saturated fatty acids, as well levels triglycerides, cholesterol, non-HDL-C levels. rise adiponectin drop circulating inflammatory markers showcased PAC's protective role against inflammation. To better clarify mechanisms behind actions, gut-liver axis parameters were examined, showing significant enhancements gut microbiota composition, microbiota-derived metabolites, marked intestinal hepatic inflammation, liver steatosis, biomarkers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress lipid metabolism. This study enhances our understanding complex underlying development provides valuable insights into how may alleviate cardiometabolic dysfunction mice.

Language: Английский

---

Nutritional and Functional Characterization of Flour from Seeds of Chañar (Geoffroea decorticans) to Promote Its Sustainable Use

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 1047 - 1047

Published: March 27, 2025

Geoffroea decorticans (Gill. ex Hook. & Arn) Burk. is a native tree of the dry areas Northwestern and Central Argentina. Its seeds are considered waste material. The flour was analyzed as source nutritional bioactive compounds. It has low carbohydrate content, containing about 9% protein between 10 14% fat. Approximately 82-84% fatty acids were unsaturated (oleic linoleic acids). A high polyphenol dietary fiber content detected. Flavonoids condensed tannins dominant phenolics. Polyphenol-enriched extracts obtained from seed flour. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis these concentrated allowed for identification six compounds including C-glycosyl flavones (vitexin isovitexin), type procyanidins (dimer trimer), epicatequin gallate. Polyphenolic showed antioxidant capacity able to inhibit enzymes (α-glucosidase α-amylase) related metabolism (lipoxygenase) pro-inflammatory not toxic. Flour polyphenolic extract chañar could be new alternative ingredients formulation functional foods, nutraceuticals, or food supplements. use in addition pulp fruit along with rest plant would encourage propagation this species resistant extreme arid environments commercial conservation purposes boost regional economies vulnerable South America.

Language: Английский

---

Research Progress of Flavonoids in Spinal Cord Injury: Therapeutic Mechanisms and Drug Delivery Strategies

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological disease with an extremely high disability rate. Most patients show loss of motor and sensory functions below the level injury. Current treatment protocols are based on early surgical decompression pharmacotherapy. However, efficacy these interventions suboptimal. Due to its complex pathophysiological mechanisms difficulty central nervous system (CNS) regeneration, exploring effective therapeutic remains daunting. Flavonoids secondary metabolites unique plants that have attracted attention in recent years for their potential now commonly used inflammation, tumors, other diseases. For SCI, related studies still exploring; some compounds, such as quercetin, fisetin, hesperetin, shown good anti-inflammatory anti-apoptotic properties, which help restore function injured spinal cord. flavonoids exhibit certain disadvantages, including poor solubility, low bioavailability, inability achieve long-term controlled release. Some proposed drug delivery strategies-including nanoparticles, hydrogels, collagen scaffolds-to enhance efficacy. In this paper, we summarize strategies SCI by searching relevant literature propose future research directions provide new ideas multimodal SCI.

Language: Английский

---

Deciphering the Regulatory Potential of Antioxidant and Electron-Shuttling Bioactive Compounds in Oolong Tea

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 487 - 487

Published: April 28, 2025

OT has gained attention for its high polyphenol content and therapeutic potential. To elucidate this further, study investigated the electron-shuttling bioactive compounds of evaluated their effect on dysregulated breast cancer (BC) genes. extracts were obtained via solvent extraction (SE) supercritical fluid (SFE), followed by in vitro assays. Phytochemical analysis revealed that ethanol-extracted (OTL-E) had highest polyphenol, flavonoid, tannin contents, correlating with strong antioxidant activity, while water-extracted (OTL-W) exhibited greater bioelectricity-stimulating properties microbial fuel cells (MFC), confirmed cyclic voltammetry (CV). Based phytochemical analyses, SE displayed a better technique isolating compared to SFE. In silico approaches through network pharmacology, molecular docking dynamics simulations polyphenols ortho- or para-dihydroxyl groups targeted BC proteins involved kinase signaling, apoptosis, hormone receptor pathways. Luteolin binding affinities MAPK1 PIK3CA free energy (ΔG) −9.1 −8.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Trajectory-based analyses enthalpy-favored ligand-induced conformational changes these oncoproteins, altering function development. These findings suggest potential as chemopreventive agent, warranting further vivo validation.

Language: Английский

---

Natural Antidiabetic Agents: Insights into Ericaceae-Derived Phenolics and Their Role in Metabolic and Oxidative Modulation in Diabetes

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 682 - 682

Published: May 4, 2025

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with growing prevalence worldwide, leading to severe health complications. Current treatment relies on antidiabetic medications, which may have adverse effects, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. Natural compounds, such as phenolic shown promise in glucose modulation. The Ericaceae family includes several plants potential properties. This review examines pathophysiology of diabetes, chemical composition, and specific species that demonstrated effects. Studies indicate Vaccinium other can lower blood levels improve insulin sensitivity through mechanisms enzyme inhibition. These findings suggest serve complementary strategies diabetes management.

Language: Английский

---

Chemodiversity of Arctic Plant Dryas oxyodonta: LC-MS Profile and Antioxidant Activity

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 868 - 868

Published: March 18, 2024

Dryas oxyodonta Yuz. is a perennial evergreen shrub from the Rosaceae family. D. thrives in subalpine and subarctic regions, as well highlands spanning Central Asia to Siberia Mongolia. Owing lack of information on its chemical composition, we conducted qualitative quantitative chromatographic analyses extracts leaves flowers sourced various Siberian habitats. Employing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection electrospray ionization triple-quadrupole mass spectrometric detection, identified 40 compounds, encompassing gallotannins, hydroxycinnamates, procyanidins, catechins, flavonoids, triterpenes. All populations exhibited notable abundance phenolic compounds. Furthermore, rare glycosides, such sexangularetin corniculatusin, potential markers chemodiversity within genus. Extracts were effective scavengers free radicals, including DPPH•, ABTS•+−, O2•−, •OH radicals. Our findings unequivocally establish rich source compounds potent antioxidant activity, suggesting utility developing novel functional products.

Language: Английский

---