Approach to the diagnosis and management of dysbiosis

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 19, 2024

All microorganisms like bacteria, viruses and fungi that reside within a host environment are considered microbiome. The number of bacteria almost equal human cells, however, the genome these may be 100 times larger than genome. Every aspect physiology health can influenced by microbiome living in various parts our body. Any imbalance composition or function is seen as dysbiosis. Different types dysbiosis corresponding symptoms depend on site microbial imbalance. contribution intestinal extra-intestinal microbiota to influence systemic activities through interplay between different axes. Whole body complex process involving gut non-gut related It still at stage infancy has not yet been fully understood. Dysbiosis genetic factors, lifestyle habits, diet including ultra-processed foods food additives, well medications. associated with many diseases cannot diagnosed standard blood tests investigations. Microbiota derived metabolites analyzed useful management addressed altering proper modulation. effect interventions humans depends beneficial alteration mostly based animal studies evolving evidence from studies. There tremendous potential for diagnosis, treatment, prognosis diseases, as, monitoring disease humans. system-based approach diagnosis better pure taxonomic approach. could new therapeutic target conditions.

Language: Английский

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The role of the microbiota in glaucoma

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 94, P. 101221 - 101221

Published: Oct. 21, 2023

Glaucoma is a common irreversible vision loss disorder because of the gradual retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerve axons. Major risk factors include elder age high intraocular pressure (IOP). However, IOP neither necessary nor sufficient to cause glaucoma. Some non-IOP signaling cascades can mediate RGC degeneration. In addition, gender, diet, obesity, depression, or anxiety also contribute development Understanding mechanism glaucoma crucial for timely diagnosis establishing new strategies improve current IOP-reducing therapies. The microbiota exerts marked influence on human body during homeostasis disease. Many patients have abnormal compositions (dysbiosis) in multiple locations, including ocular surface, cavity, oral stomach, gut. Here, we discuss findings last ten years more about metabolite changes animal models, with three (aging, depression), patients. Antigenic mimicry heat stress protein (HSP)-specific T-cell infiltration retina may be responsible commensal microbes contributing glaucomatous damage. LPS-TLR4 pathway primary surface dysbiosis affecting Microbe-derived metabolites affect pathogenesis. Homocysteine accumulation, inflammatory factor release, direct dissemination link gastric H. pylori infection anterior chamber viral (such as cytomegalovirus) Potential therapeutic protocols targeting antibiotics, modified stool transplant. Later investigations will uncover underlying molecular connecting its clinical applications management.

Language: Английский

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Ophthalmological Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Keep an Eye on It

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 142 - 142

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Background and aims: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are multifactorial chronic inflammatory disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract. However, a broad spectrum of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) is associated with IBD, several organs systems, such as skin, musculoskeletal hepatobiliary and, not least, eye. Approximately 10% IBD patients can develop ocular EIMs (O-EIMs) higher prevalence in Crohn’s disease (CD). Eye-redness, photophobia, pain, blurred vision common symptoms, wide rate severity clinical impact on quality life. This narrative review aims to summarize prevalence, pathogenesis, current evidence-based management O-EIMs, underlying importance holistic approach specialties collaboration for prompt diagnosis treatment. Methods: PubMed was searched up December 2023 identify relevant studies investigating epidemiology, treatment O-EIMs patients. Results: The mechanisms partially unknown, encompassing immune dysregulation, shared antigens between eye gut, genetic predisposition, systemic inflammation driven by high levels interleukins cytokines complexity O-EIMs’ pathogenesis reflects these conditions, varying from topical steroids immunomodulatory molecules biologic therapy, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. A multidisciplinary backbone O-EIMs.

Language: Английский

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Consumption of Limosilactobacillus fermentum Inhibits Corneal Damage and Inflammation in Dry Eye Disease Mouse Model through Regulating the Gut Microbiome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 3528 - 3528

Published: March 20, 2024

The present study investigated the effect of orally administered Limosilactobacillus fermentum HY7302 (HY7302) on relationship between ocular tissue and microbiome in a corneal injury dry eye mouse model. Specifically, 0.1% benzalkonium chloride (BAC) was applied to surface for 14 days induce male Balb/c mice. During BAC treatment period, (1 × 108 CFU/kg/day or 1 109 CFU/kg/day) an omega-3 positive control (400 mg/kg/day) were (n = eight/group). To examine signaling pathways affected by treatment, vitro effects tight junctions inflammatory response colon epithelial cell line, CMT-93. exposure decreased tear production, induced inflammation detachment, altered gut microbiota. However, oral administration restored secretion detachment BAC-treated Further, alleviated via modulation matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression affeted alterations microbiota composition. These findings suggest that gut-eye axis interaction affects disease severity injury, alteration could improve health regulating response.

Language: Английский

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Identifying the Involvement of Gut Microbiota in Retinal Vein Occlusion by Mendelian Randomization and Genetic Correlation Analysis

Translational Vision Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 5 - 5

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Purpose: Previous researches have suggested an important association between gut microbiota (GM) and vascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis. This study aimed to explore the 196 GM taxa retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods: used Mendelian randomization (MR), linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), polygenic overlap analysis. Genome-wide (GWAS) data associated with was obtained from MiBioGen consortium, involving a large number of European-ancestry participants. GWAS RVO FinnGen consortium another that also involved Inverse-variance weighted primary approach for MR estimation. Moreover, LDSC analyses were performed evaluate genetic correlation RVO. Results: The results identified six taxa, including class Bacilli, order Lactobacillales, family Streptococcaceae, genus Clostridium innocuum group, Family XIII AD3011 Subdoligranulum development In addition, analysis supported Conclusions: Our findings confirmed RVO, thereby highlighting effects on health. Translational Relevance: may provide rationale developing GM-based strategies preventing onset

Language: Английский

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Atopic Dermatitis and Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis: New Insights in the Analyses of Microbiota and Probiotic Effect

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 1463 - 1463

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Atopy is defined as a predisposition to hypersensitivity reactions against range of antigens. It characterized by the activation CD4+ T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and an increased production immunoglobulin E (IgE). The most common atopic conditions are dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, ocular diseases. Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) chronic, bilateral inflammatory condition affecting surface, frequently occurring in conjunction with dermatitis. not uncommon for patients present multiple simultaneously or sequential manner. A comprehensive understanding underlying mechanisms diseases essential effective clinical evaluation treatment. Recent research has underscored pivotal role microbiota pathogenesis dermatitis eye diseases, alterations microbial composition (dysbiosis) being linked spectrum conditions. Probiotics currently investigated potential treatment option restoring balance alleviating disease symptoms. This review examines relationship between keratoconjunctivitis, microbiota, evaluating current evidence exploring probiotics novel therapeutic approach.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota regulates optic nerve fiber myelination

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Recent evidence supports the hypothesis of an association between gut microbiota and pathogenesis retinal eye diseases, suggesting existence a gut-eye axis. However, no data are available on possible effect optic nerve fiber maturation myelin development. We investigated impact nerves collected from neonatal young adult germ-free (GF), gnotobiotic (stably colonized with 12 bacteria strains, OMM12) control (colonized complex microbiota, CGM) mice, by performing stereological morphoquantitative analyses transmission electron microscopy gene expression analysis quantitative real-time PCR. Young GF OMM12 axons smaller hypermyelinated compared to CGM ones, while such differences were detected in nerves. The transcription factors Olig1, Olig2, Sox10 (oligodendrocyte myelination positive regulators) downregulated mice respective neonates. Such developmental downregulation was not observed nerves, that absence prolongs stimulation myelination, possibly through mechanisms yet be identified. Altogether, these underscore pivotal role driving contributing our knowledge about both axis gut-brain axis, opening new horizons for further investigations will explore also pathologies, injuries regeneration associated nerve.

Language: Английский

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Potential Role of Malassezia restricta in Pterygium Development

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 2976 - 2976

Published: March 25, 2025

Pterygium is a condition affecting the ocular surface, marked by triangular-shaped growth of fibrotic tissue extending from nasal conjunctiva toward corneal center, potentially causing visual impairment. While ultraviolet (UV )light exposure primary risk factor for pterygium, its underlying cause remains unclear. In order to better understand true genesis pterygium development, we investigated and compared it with healthy controls. Given eye's direct environmental exposure, analyzed microbiota composition using metagenomic sequencing identify microbes associated this condition. Metagenomic revealed higher prevalence fungus Malassezia restricta in five samples, confirmed situ hybridization. The CHIT1 gene, which plays role antifungal defenses, displayed highest expression samples controls, suggesting potential involvement development. Gene profiling highlighted an IL-33 IL-4 gene signature, along increased presence M2 macrophages, emphasizing their promoting fibrosis-a hallmark feature pterygium. detection molecular changes provides novel insights into microbiome raises possibility Malassezia's pathology.

Language: Английский

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Oral Intake of Streptococcus thermophilus iHA318 Mitigates Dry Eye Symptoms in a Randomized Clinical Study

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 931 - 931

Published: April 10, 2025

Background/Objectives: A probiotic Streptococcus thermophilus (iHA318) has been demonstrated to alleviate dry eye symptoms in a mouse model. This study investigated its effects on mitigation clinical trial. Methods: total of 68 volunteers were recruited the double-blind trial and randomly divided into group placebo group. The received iHA318 capsules daily for 35 days via oral intake, while microcrystalline cellulose capsules. Assessments before after intervention performed tear volume (TV), break-up time (TBUT), osmolarity (Osmo), serum sialic acid (SA) concentrations, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), an impression cytology analysis was conducted immunofluorescence detection NLRP3 expression. Results: significantly increased group, although effect observed showed significant reduction osmolarity, extended TBUT, improved OSDI score. These parameters also without statistical significance. In addition, SA contrast slight non-significant increase Reductions inflammasome activation found only Conclusions: conclusion, improvement major treatment compared

Language: Английский

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Consumption of Limosilactobacillus fermentum Inhibits Corneal Damage and Inflammation in Dry Eye Disease Mice Model through Regulating the Gut Microbiome

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

(1) The present study investigated the effect of orally administered Limosilactobacillus fermentum HY7302 (HY7302) on relationship between ocular tissue and microbiome in corneal injured dry eye mice model. (2) 0.1% benzalkonium chloride (BAC) was applied to surface for 14 days induce injury male Balb/c mice. During BAC treatment period, (1 × 108 CFU/kg/day or 1 109 CFU/kg/day) omega-3 positive control (200 mg/kg/day) were (n = 8/group). To examine signaling pathways affected by treatment, vitro effects tight junctions inflammatory response a mouse colon epithelial cell line, CMT-93. (3) exposure decreased tear production, induced inflammation detachment, altered gut microbiota. However, oral administration restored secretion detachment BAC-treated Further, alleviated via modulation matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression alterations microbiota composition. (4) These findings suggest that gut–eye axis interaction affects disease severity injury, alteration could improve health regulating response.

Language: Английский

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