Short-term effects of empagliflozin on preventing contrast induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, a randomised trial

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a prevalent cause of hospital-acquired renal impairment in patients undergoing intervention. Limited clinical trials explore SGLT2 inhibitors' effects on CI-AKI. This study aimed to assess the short-term effect empagliflozin- an inhibitor- reducing CI-AKI incidence PCI regardless diabetes. research conducted double-blind randomized trial involving 121 referred Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran from 2022 2023. Participants were randomly assigned receive empagliflozin (10 mg daily) or placebo, starting one day before and continuing for two days post-procedure. Renal function parameters such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatinine, cystatin C, urea evaluated. After intervention, users exhibited significant reduction mean C levels compared placebo across all age groups (< 50 years, 50–60 > 60 years). Patients older than showed improvements changes eGFR with empagliflozin. 45 < had increase group. Mean significantly reduced (> 60, 45–60, 45). There was no difference creatinine between groups. Empagliflozin notably decreases by improving C. These benefits observed various groups, particularly middle-aged elderly, those varying levels.

Language: Английский

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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Focus on Macrophages

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 1670 - 1670

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

A growing body of evidence indicates that nonglycemic effects sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors play an important role in the protective these drugs diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. In recent years, anti-inflammatory potential SGLT2 has been actively studied. This review summarizes results clinical experimental studies on activity inhibitors, with a special focus their macrophages, key drivers metabolic inflammation. patients type therapy reduces levels inflammatory mediators. diabetic non-diabetic animal models, control low-grade inflammation by suppressing activation tissue recruitment monocytes from bloodstream, macrophage polarization towards M1 phenotype. The molecular mechanisms macrophages include attenuation inflammasome inhibition TLR4/NF-κB pathway, as well modulation other signaling pathways (AMPK, PI3K/Akt, ERK 1/2-MAPK, JAKs/STAT). discusses state-of-the-art concepts prospects further investigations are needed to obtain deeper insight into underlying molecular, cellular, physiological levels.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Significance of Gut Microbiota in Diabetes Pathogenesis and Management—A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 1938 - 1938

Published: June 19, 2024

Type 2 diabetes is a disease with significant health consequences for the individual. Currently, new mechanisms and therapeutic approaches that may affect this are being sought. One of them association type microbiota. Through enteric nervous system gut–microbiota axis, microbiota affects functioning body. It has been proven to have real impact on influencing glucose lipid metabolism insulin sensitivity. With dysbiosis, there increased bacterial translocation through disrupted intestinal barrier inflammation in In diabetes, microbiota’s composition altered with, example, more abundant class Betaproteobacteria. The these disorders linked involving short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino lipopolysaccharide, among others. Interventions focusing gut gaining traction as promising approach management. Studies currently conducted effects supply probiotics prebiotics, well fecal transplantation, course diabetes. Further research will allow us fully develop our knowledge subject possibly best treat prevent

Language: Английский

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mCNN-glucose: Identifying families of glucose transporters using a deep convolutional neural network based on multiple-scanning windows

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 294, P. 139522 - 139522

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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Update on the Efficacy and Safety of Sodium–Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Medicina, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(2), P. 202 - 202

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Background: Sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as vital medications for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Numerous studies highlighted cardioprotective and renal protective benefits SGLT2 inhibitors. Consequently, it is essential to assess their efficacy safety in patients with chronic diseases. Method: We conducted a systematic review meta-analysis randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating effects on major cardiovascular outcomes T2DM, heart failure (HF), kidney disease (CKD). searched PubMed, Cochrane, Embase databases published between 30 September 2021 17 May 2023. The primary interest included nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), hospitalization (HHF), death, stroke. assessed were hypoglycemia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), acute injury (AKI). Result: identified 13 RCTs involving 90,413 participants. In significantly reduced risk MI by 12% (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–0.98), HHF 33% (HR 0.67, CI: 0.62–0.74), cardiac death 15% 0.95, 0.80–1.13). However, they did not reduce stroke 0.85, 0.75–0.95). HF, 28% 0.72, 0.66–0.77) 0.80–0.96). For CKD, 35% 0.65, 0.55–0.76) 16% 0.84, 0.73–0.96). Regarding outcomes, increase hypoglycemia or nor (UTIs) HF (AKI) HF. UTIs 8% (risk [RR] 1.08, 1.01–1.16) T2DM AKI 22% (RR 0.78, 0.67–0.89) 19% 0.81, 0.69–0.97) respectively. Conclusions: demonstrated significant improvement CKD while also maintaining favorable profile. These findings advocate broader application diseases, particularly reducing incidence MI, HHF, death. Further research optimize use across diverse patient populations stages disease.

Language: Английский

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Incretins and SGLT-2 inhibitors in diabetic patients with neuroendocrine tumors: current updates and future directions

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are frequently associated with glycemic disorders, such as prediabetes or diabetes, which may result from either surgical medical treatments hormonal hypersecretion by the tumor itself. Moreover, pre-existing diabetes is a known risk factor for NET development, metabolic control and antidiabetic therapies potentially influencing progression. The complex interplay between NET, share several molecular pathways, has spurred interest in anti-cancer effects of medications. This particularly relevant new drugs continue to emerge, including sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors incretin-based therapies, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists dual GIP/GLP- 1 R agonists. review explores impact these novel pharmacological options on development progression through comprehensive analysis pre-clinical clinical studies, purpose evaluate safety feasibility introducing treatment NETs patients. We conducted search online databases, PubMed, ISI Web Science, Scopus, studies assessing therapeutic potential mechanisms action incretins SGLT2 patients NET. These exhibit promising anticancer properties, inhibiting cell proliferation inducing apoptosis, though concerns about certain cancer risks remain. Based current evidence, benefits outweigh any risks, leading proposal tailored management algorithms patients, factoring aetiology, comorbidities, life expectancy.

Language: Английский

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Update in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease management: role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 123638 - 123638

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Microbiota and Diabetes: Decoding the Gut-Metabolism Link in a Single-Center Study

Gastrointestinal Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(2), P. 32 - 32

Published: April 29, 2025

Background: The relationship between gut microbiota and metabolic health has garnered significant attention in recent years. In this study, we aim to explore the intricate link outcomes, with a focus on lifestyle factors such as smoking, diet, living environment. Materials Methods: We investigated profiles of adult patients type 2 diabetes, all receiving metformin therapy, assess how impact health. Key parameters body composition indices were measured, alongside composition. Results: Our cohort included 30 patients, identified associations smoking adverse changes, well dietary patterns favoring plant-based foods correlating improved outcomes. Urban participants displayed distinct markers compared their rural counterparts, highlighting potential influence environmental factors. Conclusions: current data does not directly demonstrate causal usage specific changes These findings align existing literature while providing novel insights into population dynamics. Future research should longitudinal studies interventions targeting further unravel its therapeutic potential.

Language: Английский

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Protective Potential of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Internal Medicine (Part 1)

Innovative medicine of Kuban, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 126 - 135

Published: Nov. 15, 2024

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have emerged as a revolutionary class of drugs with far-reaching protective effects in multiple organs. The potential SGLT2i is much broader than that the classical concept glucose control and consists an entire conglomerate associated pleiotropic effects. This study aims to provide descriptive review therapeutic SGLT2i. first part literature examined use cardiology nephrology. represents innovative approach improving patients’ quality life course heart failure chronic kidney disease, regardless left ventricular ejection fraction type diabetes.

Language: Английский

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Omics Studies in CKD: Diagnostic Opportunities and Therapeutic Potential

PROTEOMICS, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 11, 2024

Omics technologies have significantly advanced the prediction and therapeutic approaches for chronic kidney disease (CKD) by providing comprehensive molecular insights. This is a review of current state future prospects integrating biomarkers into clinical practice CKD, aiming to improve patient outcomes targeted interventions. In fact, integration genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic data has enhanced our understanding CKD pathogenesis identified novel an early diagnosis treatment. Advanced computational methods artificial intelligence (AI) further refined multi-omics analysis, leading more accurate models progression responses. These developments highlight potential care with precise individualized treatment plan .

Language: Английский

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