Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Treatment Approaches for Diabetic Kidney Disease: Current Insights and Future Perspectives

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 727 - 727

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Among individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), 30–40% are at risk developing DKD. This review focuses on mechanistic processes, available and emerging biomarkers for diagnosing, monitoring, preventing DKD, as well treatment options targeted DKD patients. A literature search was conducted PubMed Scopus using specific keywords. Inclusion exclusion criteria were applied to select articles used this review. The highlights various mechanisms involved in progression more severe stages. Additionally, several have been identified, which aid diagnosing monitoring disease. Furthermore, numerous approaches being explored address underlying causes Advanced research exploring new medications remission; sodium-glucose cotransport (SGLT2) inhibitors finerenone, particular, gaining attention their novel renoprotective effects. a major complication diabetes, marked by complex multifactorial mechanisms. Thus, understanding these processes essential therapies potentially reverse progression. Biomarkers show promise early diagnosis progression, while current strategies underscore importance multifaceted approach.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Targets of Novel Therapeutics for Diabetic Kidney Disease: A New Era of Nephroprotection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 3969 - 3969

Published: April 3, 2024

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a chronic microvascular complication in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and the leading cause of end-stage (ESKD). Although glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury interstitial fibrosis are typical damages DKD, interplay different processes (metabolic factors, oxidative stress, inflammatory pathway, fibrotic signaling, hemodynamic mechanisms) appears to drive onset progression DKD. A growing understanding pathogenetic mechanisms, development new therapeutics, opening way for era nephroprotection based on precision-medicine approaches. This review summarizes therapeutic options linked specific molecular mechanisms including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers, SGLT2 inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, endothelin aldosterone synthase inhibitors. In nephroprotection, these drugs, as pillars personalized medicine, can improve renal outcomes enhance quality life individuals

Language: Английский

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Potential utilization of ferulic acid and its derivatives in the management of metabolic diseases and disorders: An insight into mechanisms

Cellular Signalling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121, P. 111291 - 111291

Published: July 8, 2024

Language: Английский

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Exploring aldose reductase inhibitors as promising therapeutic targets for diabetes-linked disabilities

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 280, P. 135761 - 135761

Published: Sept. 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Network pharmacology and molecular dynamics study of the effect of the Astragalus-Coptis drug pair on diabetic kidney disease

World Journal of Diabetes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 1562 - 1588

Published: July 8, 2024

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease. The

Language: Английский

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Tonabersat suppresses priming/activation of the NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and decreases renal tubular epithelial-to-macrophage crosstalk in a model of diabetic kidney disease

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: July 5, 2024

Abstract Background Accompanied by activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, aberrant connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannel-mediated ATP release is situated upstream inflammasome assembly and inflammation contributes to multiple secondary complications diabetes associated cardiometabolic comorbidities. Evidence suggests there may be a link between Cx43 hemichannel activity in diabetic kidney. The consequences blocking tubular priming/activation NLRP3 model kidney disease (DKD) was investigated. We examined downstream markers proinflammatory chemoattractant role secretome on macrophage recruitment activation. Methods Analysis human transcriptomic data from Nephroseq repository correlated gene expression renal function DKD. Primary proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were cultured high glucose inflammatory cytokines as DKD assess activity, epithelial-to-macrophage paracrine-mediated crosstalk. Tonabersat assessed for hemichannels. Results Transcriptomic analysis biopsies patients with showed that increased declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) proteinuria. In vitro, blocked glucose/cytokine-dependant increases reduced RPTECs. observed reciprocal relationship which exacerbated release, events driven nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB)-mediated priming opening, changes Tonabersat. Conditioned media (CM) RPTECs treated glucose/cytokines MDMs, an effect when pre-treated Co-culture using conditioned Tonabersat-treated dampened marker migration. Conclusion Using DKD, we report first time trigger instigate NLRP3-induced Recapitulating observations previously reported retinopathy, these suggest blockers (i.e., Tonabersat) dampen multi-system damage diabetes.

Language: Английский

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Mass-spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals that methylglyoxal and carnosine influence oxidative stress and RNA-processing associated proteins in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 52(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Incidental Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients Newly Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Objective: The objective of this study was to detect the prevalence incidental chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Method: This a cross-sectional conducted from July 2023 November 2024, at Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center Al-Rafidain Basrah, southern Iraq. A total 202 drug-naïve T2D were included. baseline clinical biochemical characteristics for inclusion. CKD by measuring estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). Results: mean age included 49.1±12 years. 68 (33.7%) based on GFR <60 mL/minute/1.73 m2 and/or UACR ≥ 30 mg/g. categories G1, 2, G3a, 3b prevalent 71.3%, 24.2%, 3.0%, 1.5%, respectively. For albuminuria, 31.2% had 10-30 mg/g, 22.8% 30-300 7.9% higher than 300 stepwise binary regression analysis showed that patients' HbA1c levels factors significantly associated CKD. Conclusion: is one-third T2D. Early screening highly recommended as it will affect overall management.

Language: Английский

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Advances in understanding and managing diabetic kidney disease: An updated review

Ukrainian Journal of Nephrology and Dialysis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 1(85), P. 66 - 80

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage (ESKD) are common complications of diabetes. Proteinuria is an early indicator glomerular basement membrane damage caused by diabetes, leading to diabetic (DKD). Edema, hypoproteinemia, proteinuria characteristics DKD. Blood sugar blood pressure control, along with detection, the primary strategies for preventing DKD slowing its progression. This review examines updates epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention Various keywords phrases used search Google, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar most recent articles published from January 2023 December 2024. Despite advancements in understanding pathogenesis development novel therapies, remains highly prevalent poor outcomes. The pathophysiology still not fully understood, gaps treatment strategies. Therefore, this aims explore these propose potential new therapies future research directions.

Language: Английский

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Urobiome of patients with diabetic kidney disease in different stages is revealed by 2bRAD-M

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: April 10, 2025

Knowledge of the urinary microbiome (urobiome) in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains limited. The most commonly used 16S rRNA sequencing technique can only provide bacterial identification at genus level. As a novel technique, 2bRAD for (2bRAD-M) be to identify low-biomass species In this study, we 2bRAD-M compare urobiome composition patients with DKD different stages healthy individuals and those type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), expectation that would find discriminative correlated DKD. Healthy controls, microalbuminuria (DKD1 group) or macroalbuminuria (DKD2 group), T2DM were recruited (n = 20 each group). first-morning urine was collected testing. albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) also measured samples. Serum samples detecting clinical indicators. microbial diversity based on abundance calculated. Differential bacteria groups identified. Besides, correlation between indices analyzed. Urobiome significantly reduced groups. DKD1 group, dominant genus, followed by Pseudomonas_E, whereas DKD2 Pseudomonas_E became Escherichia notably reduced. Both Bifidobacterium Streptococcus, which top genera control substantially decreased included coli Acinetobacter johnsonii, while DKD2, oleovorans, Enterococcus faecalis, Morganella morganii showed strong renal function indicators protein levels. markedly from patients. These findings valuable insights into onset progression DKD, driven changes community structure.

Language: Английский

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