GLP-1 receptor agonism in cardiovascular disease prevention

Asia-Pacific Journal of Pharmacotherapy & Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading cause of mortality worldwide, closely linked to risk factors such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Recent advances in therapeutic strategies have identified glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) promising agents that extend beyond glycemic control offer significant cardiovascular benefits. This review examines the evolving role GLP-1RAs CVD prevention, focusing on their mechanisms action clinical implications. act by mimicking endogenous GLP-1 enhance insulin secretion, reduce glucagon levels, regulate blood glucose. Their impact extends improving vascular health, reducing atherosclerotic progression, mitigating inflammation, countering diabetic hyperglycemia dyslipidemia. also contribute weight reduction, a key factor alleviating risk. Results from trials real-world evidences consistently support GLP-1RA treatment lowers incidence major adverse events (MACEs), including myocardial infarction stroke, diverse patient populations. Despite potential, barriers limited awareness among healthcare professionals unequal access hinder broader adoption into clinics. Ongoing studies continue explore integration with other approaches, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors lipid-lowering agents, optimize outcomes. underscores importance leveraging multifaceted tool global burden while addressing challenges ensure equitable long-term

Language: Английский

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Use of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and incretin mimetics for type 2 diabetes and obesity: A narrative review

Nutrition in Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Abstract Incretin mimetics, including glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists, have become first‐line treatment options for the of type 2 diabetes obesity. Their therapeutic status is attributed to their high level efficacy as well positive impact on related comorbidities, such sleep apnea heart failure. Multiple incretin mimetics are currently available with different durations drug action, dosing frequencies, delivery devices. Patients may benefit from education proper administration, anticipated adverse effects, nutrition considerations treatment. Practitioners must monitor progress support patient achieve maintenance doses optimal weight reduction diabetes‐related outcomes. This review aims present current literature supporting US Food Drug Administration–approved indications equip healthcare professionals optimize care patients who prescribed these agents, provide insights into potential future applications, which include dual‐ or triple‐mechanism agents that injected administered orally. Additional studies existing diabetes, obesity, comorbidities in a rapidly developing pipeline.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of the Second-Generation Incretin Analogs Semaglutide and Tirzepatide in Type 1 Diabetes and Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 1303 - 1303

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, resulting in lifelong need for exogenous insulin. Over last few years, overweight and obesity have recently emerged as growing health issues also afflicting patients with T1D. In this context, term "double diabetes" has been coined to indicate T1D who family history type 2 (T2D) and/or are affected insulin resistance overweight/obesity metabolic syndrome. At same time, use second-generation incretin analogs semaglutide tirzepatide substantially increased on global scale over given remarkable clinical benefits these drugs (in terms glucose control weight loss) T2D overweight/obesity. Although glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists novel dual GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide)/GLP-1 agonist currently not approved treatment T1D, body evidence years shown that medications may serve valid add-on treatments substantial efficacy improving control, promoting loss, preserving residual beta-cell function providing other beneficial effects double latent adults (LADA). This manuscript aims comprehensively review available literature (mostly consisting real-world studies) regarding safety therapeutic (for different purposes) (at stages disease), LADA.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists on Body Weight in People with HIV and Diabetes Treated with Integrase Inhibitors

Diabetology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. 20 - 20

Published: March 13, 2025

Background/Objectives: We evaluated the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) on body weight and metabolic parameters in people with HIV diabetes (PWHD) receiving maintenance therapy integrase inhibitor, using a real-world study design. Methods: PWHD inhibitors-based antiretroviral therapies for at least 6 months, treated GLP1-RAs 3 were included this retrospective study. The primary outcome was absolute relative change weight, as assessed during routine outpatient visits. Secondary analyses evaluating impact additional parameters, such serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, LDL-cholesterol. Results: A total 25 (74% males, mean age 65 ± 7 years, 16% having mass index > 30 Kg/m2) GLP1-RAs-based antihyperglycemic identified from our hospital database. No significant observed (absolute reduction −1.9 3.0 Kg; −2.2 3.7%). Treatment associated progressive glucose no LDL cholesterol. Conclusions: Long-term GLP1-RA treatment significantly reduced hemoglobin overweight weight.

Language: Английский

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The Effect of Oral Semaglutide on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 2239 - 2239

Published: March 25, 2025

Background/Objectives: There has been a prominent rise in the use of GLP-1 RAs recently, particularly semaglutide, for treatment T2DM with or without obesity. Subcutaneous injections semaglutide have demonstrated beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors. However, several factors hinder subcutaneous administration. Therefore, oral route is preferred; yet, it remains unclear whether provides protection comparable to its counterpart. Methods: A systematic review line PRISMA guidelines was performed based eight databases (Scopus, Proquest, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCOHost, Clinical Key, and The Cochrane Library) identify clinical studies that assessed factors, especially blood pressure lipid cholesterol profile patients. Inclusion criteria included used top mainstay compared placebo control group, were conducted prospectively an RCT design. Case reports, ongoing incomplete results, reviews, animal studies, retrospective excluded. Newcastle-Ottawa scale Jadad assess bias studies. Data extracted from selected patient characteristics, study design, research methodology, intervention regimen, factors: SBP, DBP, TC, HDL, LDL, TG. presented table format compare synthesize results each study. Results: Five (two randomized trials three observational, prospective studies). All five reported consistent trend reduction SBP (ranging -2.60 -12.74 mmHg) after treatment. effect DBP found be less consistent. Lipid show most total (-8.80 -22.19 mg/dL). Four favorable LDL (-7.6 -18.0 mg/dL) triglycerides (-11.00 -40.13 HDL shows least findings where increasing trend, yet this not statistically significant; one mild increase (+0.90 ± 0.12; p < 0.0001); slight (55.6 2.5 51.6 2.2; 0.05). Conclusions: Once-daily promising add-on therapy obesity reducing potentially lowering cardiovascular-related mortality. Thus, once-daily may offer benefits form, advantage improved adherence.

Language: Английский

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Incretin-based therapies: advancements, challenges, and future directions in type 2 diabetes management

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 28, 2025

Abstract Incretin-based medicines have considerably impacted the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), providing considerable advantages in glycemic regulation, weight control, and cardiovascular results. This narrative review examines progress incretin medicines, encompassing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, dual-receptor, triple-receptor while emphasizing their therapeutic advantages, obstacles, prospective developments. The examined articles were sourced from databases including PubMed Google Scholar, concentrating on publications predominantly 2010 to 2024. Selective foundational papers released before this timeline incorporated furnish critical historical context about processes discovery. despite efficacy, encounter hurdles elevated costs, patient compliance difficulties, variability response attributable genetic physiological variables. Moreover, there are still deficiencies comprehending long-term safety cancer risks linked these medicines. Emerging dual- agonists demonstrate potential overcoming shortcomings conventional GLP-1 enhanced metabolic results broader uses intricate disease profiles. Future research must concentrate economic streamlined regimens, customized medicine, integration artificial intelligence, stratification, as well efficacy incretin-based for holistic management T2DM.

Language: Английский

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The Composite Number Needed to Treat for Semaglutide in Populations with Overweight or Obesity and Established Cardiovascular Disease Without Diabetes

Advances in Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 29, 2025

Language: Английский

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The impact of DPP-4 inhibitors on cardiovascular disease treatment: a comprehensive review of current therapeutic strategies and future directions

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 52(1)

Published: April 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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Body image and interest in GLP-1 weight loss medications

Body Image, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 53, P. 101890 - 101890

Published: April 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Current Perspectives for Treating Adolescents with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(23), P. 4084 - 4084

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Background: Childhood obesity is an epidemic and a significant health concern all over the world. Several factors can influence excess weight gain, including eating behaviors, physical inactivity, genetics. Children adolescents with have four-times greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared their normal-weight peers. The management before development its comorbidities may prevent escalation into medical psychosocial problems. However, treatment options for T2D in youth remained limited many years, moreover, available drugs were characterized by low efficacy. Treatment Options Type Diabetes Adolescents Youth (TODAY) study showed that metformin monotherapy failed almost 52% children T2D, while adjuncts to rosiglitazone lifestyle intervention 38.6% 46.6%, respectively. Recently approved antiobesity medications and/or bariatric surgery are revolutionizing T2D. This work aims provide comprehensive overview current possibilities childhood Methods: An in-depth review articles evidence-based research from different countries discussing novel was conducted this paper. Results: new medications, such as SGLT2 receptor agonists GLP-1 agonists, highly effective treating obesity. Conclusions: Based on performed literature review, recent approval generation seems be dawn era treatment.

Language: Английский

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