Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Oct. 18, 2019

Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at molecular to whole-body level, inducing so-called state 'stress'. Stress affects an organism's welfare status induces energy-consuming mechanisms combat subsequent ill effects; thus, individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Science Direct, other scientific databases. levels can monitored by quantitative qualitative measurement biomarkers. Prominent markers stress include thermal like heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative markers, chemical secretions in saliva urine. In addition, biomarkers are thought play critical roles prognosis stress-related diseases disorders, therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have identified as potent mediators cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, nephrological which also employed evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation specificity. Considerable advances made detection, quantitation, application present review describes current progress identifying biomarkers, their prognostic therapeutic values.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Kidney Disease: Implications for Noninvasive Monitoring and Identification of Biomarkers

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2020, P. 1 - 11

Published: Jan. 28, 2020

Kidney disease represents a serious global health problem. One of the main concerns is its late diagnosis, only feasible in progressed state. The lack clinical manifestation early stages and fact that commonly measured parameters renal function are markedly reduced during advanced cause. Changes at molecular level kidney tissue occur even before nitrogenous substances, such as creatinine urea, start to accumulate blood. Renal proximal tubules contain large number mitochondria critical for energy-demanding process reabsorption water solutes. Mitochondria largest producers oxygen radicals, which, turn, increase susceptibility kidneys oxidative stress-induced damage. Free radicals prooxidants produced acute or chronic injury may further aggravate course play role pathogenesis subsequent complications. Prevention might be solution CKD, but patients often reluctant undergo preventive examinations. Noninvasive markers possibility obtain samples home help compliance. This review will provide an overview possible uses status noninvasive biofluids with disease.

Language: Английский

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Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in the Brain: What’s New?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. 874 - 874

Published: Feb. 18, 2019

The latest studies have indicated a strong relationship between systemic insulin resistance (IR) and higher incidence of neurodegeneration, dementia, mild cognitive impairment. Although some these abnormalities could be explained by chronic hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidaemia, and/or prolonged whole-body inflammation, the key role is attributed to neuronal redox imbalance oxidative damage. In this mini review, we provide schematic overview intracellular stress mitochondrial in IR brain. We highlight important correlations found so far brain stress, ceramide generation, β-amyloid accumulation, as well apoptosis conditions.

Language: Английский

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Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Involvement in Red Blood Cell Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) released in cells are signaling molecules but can also modify proteins. Red blood perform a major role maintaining the balance of redox blood. The main cytosolic protein RBC is hemoglobin (Hb), which accounts for 95-97%. Most other proteins involved protecting cell from oxidative stress. Hemoglobin factor initiating stress within erythrocyte. RBCs be damaged by exogenous oxidants. Hb autoxidation leads to generation superoxide radical, catalyzed or spontaneous dismutation produces hydrogen peroxide. Both oxidants induce hemichrome formation, heme degradation, and release free iron catalyst radical reactions. To maintain balance, appropriate antioxidants present cytosol, such as dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), well low molecular weight antioxidants: glutathione, ascorbic acid, lipoic α-tocopherol, β-carotene, others. Redox imbalance may associated with overproduction ROS and/or insufficient capacity antioxidant system. Oxidative performs key CKD evidenced high level markers damage proteins, lipids, DNA vivo. In addition ROS, reduced observed, decrease activity SOD, GPx, PRDX2, antioxidants. addition, hemodialysis accompanied low-biocompatibility dialysis membranes activate phagocytic cells, especially neutrophils monocytes, leading respiratory burst. This review shows production under normal conditions its impact on disease progression. red (RBCs) their contribution cardiovascular discussed.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant Barrier, Redox Status, and Oxidative Damage to Biomolecules in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Can Malondialdehyde and Catalase Be Markers of Colorectal Cancer Advancement?

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(10), P. 637 - 637

Published: Oct. 22, 2019

This study is the first to assess diagnostic utility of redox biomarkers in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Antioxidant barrier (Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reductase (GR), uric acid (UA), reduced (GSH)), status (total antioxidant (TAC)/oxidant (TOS), ferric reducing ability (FRAP)), and oxidative damage products (advanced glycation end (AGE), advanced oxidation protein (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA)) were measured serum/plasma samples 50 CRC patients. The activity SOD was significantly higher whereas CAT, GPx GR considerably lower compared control group (p < 0.0001). Levels UA, TOS, OSI concentrations AGE, AOPP, MDA higher, levels GSH, TAC, FRAP healthy controls AUC for CAT respect presence lymph node metastasis 0.7450 = 0.0036), according depth tumour invasion 0.7457 0.0118). associated enzymatic/non-enzymatic imbalance as well increased proteins lipids. Redox can be potential indicators advancement.

Language: Английский

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Salivary Antioxidant Barrier, Redox Status, and Oxidative Damage to Proteins and Lipids in Healthy Children, Adults, and the Elderly

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 2019, P. 1 - 12

Published: Dec. 5, 2019

Despite the proven role of oxidative stress in numerous systemic diseases and process aging, little is still known about salivary redox balance healthy children, adults, elderly. Our study was first to assess antioxidant barrier, status, damage nonstimulated (NWS) stimulated (SWS) saliva as well blood samples individuals at different ages. We divided 90 generally people into three equally numbered groups based on age: 2–14 (children adolescents), 25–45 (adults), 65–85 (elderly people). Antioxidant enzymes (salivary peroxidase (Px), glutathione (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD)), nonenzymatic antioxidants (reduced (GSH) uric acid (UA)), status (total capacity (TAC), total oxidant (TOS), index (OSI)), products (advanced glycation end (AGE), advanced oxidation protein (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA)) were evaluated NWS SWS erythrocyte/plasma samples. demonstrated that defense most effective aged 25–45. In elderly, we observed a progressive decrease efficiency central systems (↓GPx, ↓SOD, ↓GSH, ↓TAC erythrocytes plasma vs. adults) (↓Px, ↓UA, (↓TAC adults). Both local less efficient children adolescents than group middle-aged people, which indicates age-related immaturity mechanisms. Oxidative proteins (↑AGE, ↑AOPP) lipids (↑MDA) significantly higher elderly comparison with adults children/adolescents. Of all biomarkers, only reflected their content plasma. The level biomarkers did not vary gender.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative stress biomarkers in the serum and plasma of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Can plasma AGE be a marker of NAFLD? Oxidative stress biomarkers in NAFLD patients

Free Radical Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 53(8), P. 841 - 850

Published: June 25, 2019

Still little is known about the redox abnormalities in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of study was to find relationship between enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, homeostasis oxidative damage 67-patients NAFLD. population divided into (early NAFLD, n = 29) steatohepatitis (advanced 38). Redox biomarkers: antioxidants (Cu - Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reductase (GR)); status (reduced (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC)); products (total oxidant (TOS), advanced glycation end (AGE), malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA/RNA damage) were determined serum/plasma samples. activity SOD, GPx, GR levels GSH, TOS, AGE, MDA, significantly elevated early NAFLD group compared controls (p < .001). There a positive correlation TAC ALT (R 0.34, p .04; R 0.36, .03, respectively) group. Interestingly, ROC analysis for AGE showed good discriminatory ratio minimal steatosis (BARD score 0-1) vs. moderate 2-4), AUC 0.76. Plasma can be potential non-invasive biomarker differentiating patients.

Language: Английский

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Total Oxidant and Antioxidant Capacity of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva in Patients with Periodontitis: Review and Clinical Study

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 450 - 450

Published: May 23, 2020

Periodontitis is inextricably linked to oxidative-reductive (redox) imbalance. However, little still known about the resultant ability scavenge oxygen free radicals in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid patients with periodontitis. The multitude of enzymatic non-enzymatic antioxidants their synergistic effects cause an interest evaluation total antioxidative capacity. Thus, our study aimed evaluate oxidative activity periodontitis, as well relate these biomarkers clinical indices periodontopathy. Additionally, by calculating stress index (OSI), intensity redox disturbances was also evaluated. Fifty-eight periodontitis were included divided into two subgroups depending on severity disease. In non-stimulated/stimulated a group, we found significantly higher OSI oxidant status (TOS) lower antioxidant capacity (TAC). reduce iron ions (FRAP) only stimulated non-stimulated examined parameters correlated periodontium’s condition, which indicates exacerbation inflammatory process. TAC, TOS, OSI, FRAP did not differentiate individual stages

Language: Английский

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Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 894 - 894

Published: April 30, 2022

Recent studies indicate that cerebrovascular diseases and processes of atherosclerosis originate in the childhood era are largely influenced by chronic inflammation. Some features vascular dysfunction adulthood may even be programmed prenatally via genetic influences an unfavorable intrauterine milieu. Oxidative stress, defined imbalance between production generation reactive oxygen species (ROS) cells tissues capability organism to scavenge these molecules antioxidant mechanisms, has been linked adverse cardiovascular health adults, yet not systematically reviewed pediatric population. We performed a systematic search as per PRISMA guidelines PubMed/Medline Cochrane Reviews detected, total, 1228 potentially eligible articles on systemic inflammation, oxidative use, disease endothelial dysfunction. The abstracts full-text manuscripts were screened for inclusion exclusion criteria, total 160 included. results inflammation stress influence many conditions, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus types 1 2, kidney disease, hyperlipidemia obstructive sleep apnea. Exercise diet diminish ROS formation enhance serum capacity. Antioxidant supplementation may, selected contribute diminution state improve function; yet, areas, provide unsatisfactory results.

Language: Английский

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Salivary Redox Biomarkers in Different Stages of Dementia Severity

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. 840 - 840

Published: June 12, 2019

This study is the first to evaluate oxidative stress biomarkers in saliva/blood of patients with varying degrees dementia progression. The included 50 healthy controls and divided into two groups: those mild moderate (MMSE 11-23) suffering from severe 0-10). Cognitive functions subjects were assessed using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Enzymatic non-enzymatic antioxidants, damage products protein glycoxidative modifications determined non-stimulated (NWS) stimulated (SWS) saliva as well erythrocyte/plasma samples. Generally, patients, we observed depletion antioxidant defences leading NWS, SWS blood Both salivary increased severity disease, correlated a decrease cognitive functions. Interestingly, reduced glutathione (GSH) NWS not only dementia, but also GSH concentration plasma. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, have demonstrated that clearly distinguishes or (area under curve (AUC) = 1). Therefore, can be used non-invasive biomarker impairment.

Language: Английский

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