Chitosan and its derivatives: A novel approach to gut microbiota modulation and immune system enhancement

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 289, P. 138633 - 138633

Published: Dec. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

---

The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

Life, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 1234 - 1234

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

Microbes have inhabited the earth for hundreds of millions years longer than humans. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) represents a bidirectional communication pathway. These communications occur between central nervous system (CNS), enteric (ENS), and emotional cognitive centres brain. field research on gut-brain has grown significantly during past two decades. Signalling occurs gut microbiota brain through neural, endocrine, immune, humoral pathways. A substantial body evidence indicates that MGBA plays pivotal role in various neurological diseases. include Alzheimer's disease (AD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD), non-Alzheimer's neurodegeneration dementias, fronto-temporal lobe dementia (FTLD), Wilson-Konovalov (WD), multisystem atrophy (MSA), Huntington's chorea (HC), Parkinson's (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral (ALS), temporal epilepsy (TLE), depression, schizophrenia (SCZ). Furthermore, correlation therapeutics will be discussed. Conversely, mood delivery, exercise, psychotropic agents, stress, neurologic drugs can influence MGBA. By understanding MGBA, it may possible to facilitate into microbial-based interventions therapeutic strategies

Language: Английский

---

Biological Effects of Polysaccharides from Bovistella utriformis as Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, and Antihyperglycemic Agents: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 335 - 335

Published: March 5, 2025

Background/Objectives: This study explores the bioactive potential of Bovistella utriformis biomass and its polysaccharides (PsBu) through comprehensive biochemical bioactivity analyses, focusing on their antioxidant, cytotoxic, antihyperglycemic properties. Methods: Elemental analysis determined biomass’s chemical composition. Antioxidant activity was assessed using ABTS DPPH assays. Monosaccharide composition analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In vitro cytotoxicity assays were conducted cancer normal cell lines to determine IC50 values selectivity indices (SI). Zebrafish embryo toxicity evaluated for teratogenic effects, an in vivo performed diabetic rat models. Results: The exhibited high carbon content (around 41%) nitrogen levels, with a balanced C/N ratio nearing 5. Protein exceeded 50%, alongside significant carbohydrate, fiber, ash levels. revealed inhibition rates approximately 89% (ABTS) 64% (DPPH). GC-MS identified glucose as predominant sugar (>80%), followed by galactose mannose. Additionally, HPLC detected photoprotective compound, potentially mycosporin-like amino acid. Cytotoxicity demonstrated PsBu’s selective against colon, lung, melanoma (IC50: 100–500 µg·mL−1), while effects lower (IC50 > 1300 µg·mL−1 HaCaT, >2500 HGF-1), SI approaching 27, supporting targeted anticancer agent. yielded LC50 ranging from 1.4 1.8 mg·mL−1. vivo, PsBu reduced fasting blood levels hyperglycemic rats (approximately 210 mg·dL−1 vs. 230 controls) preserved pancreatic β-cell integrity 80% 65% controls). Conclusions: These findings suggest that B. exhibit strong antioxidant activity, cells, potential, making them promising candidates further biomedical applications.

Language: Английский

---

Lion’s Mane Mushroom (Hericium erinaceus): A Neuroprotective Fungus with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Potential—A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 1307 - 1307

Published: April 9, 2025

Hericium erinaceus, commonly known as lion’s mane mushroom, has gained increasing scientific interest due to its rich composition of bioactive compounds and diverse health-promoting properties. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview the nutritional therapeutic potential H. with particular focus on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities. A structured literature search was performed using databases such PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web Science, Google Scholar. Studies published in last two decades focusing erinaceus’ were included. The chemical erinaceus includes polysaccharides, terpenoids (hericenones erinacines), phenolic compounds, which exhibit potent antioxidant effects by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducing endogenous enzymes. Additionally, shows promising activity against bacterial fungal pathogens, applications combating antibiotic-resistant infections. mushroom’s capacity stimulate nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis highlighted preventing managing neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s. Advances biotechnological methods, including optimized cultivation techniques novel extraction may further enhance bioavailability pharmacological erinaceus. Despite findings, clinical validation remains limited. Future research should prioritize large-scale trials, standardization elucidation pharmacokinetics facilitate integration into evidence-based medicine. functional food, nutraceutical, adjunct agent highlights need for interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, clinicians, regulatory bodies.

Language: Английский

---

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Shiitake Mushrooms (Lentinus edodes)

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 552 - 552

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Shiitake mushrooms (

Language: Английский

---