Exploring the microbiota-gut-brain axis: impact on brain structure and function

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) plays a significant role in the maintenance of brain structure and function. MGBA serves as conduit between CNS ENS, facilitating communication emotional cognitive centers via diverse pathways. In initial stages this review, we will examine way how affects neurogenesis, neuronal dendritic morphology, axonal myelination, microglia structure, blood barrier (BBB) permeability, synaptic structure. Furthermore, review potential mechanistic pathways neuroplasticity through influence. short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play pivotal MGBA, where they can modify BBB. We therefore discuss SCFAs influence microglia, neuronal, astrocyte function, well their disorders such Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD). Subsequently, technical strategies employed to study interactions, including using germ-free (GF) animals, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), antibiotics-induced dysbiosis. Finally, particular bacterial strains affect By gaining deeper understanding it may be possible facilitate research into microbial-based pharmacological interventions therapeutic for neurological diseases.

Language: Английский

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Modulation of the Neuro–Cancer Connection by Metabolites of Gut Microbiota

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 270 - 270

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

The gut-brain-cancer axis represents a novel and intricate connection between the gut microbiota, neurobiology, cancer progression. Recent advances have accentuated significant role of microbiota metabolites in modulating systemic processes that influence both brain health tumorigenesis. This paper explores emerging concept metabolite-mediated modulation within connection, focusing on key such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan derivatives, secondary bile acids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS). While microbiota's impact immune regulation, neuroinflammation, tumor development is well established, gaps remain grasping how specific contribute to neuro-cancer interactions. We discuss with potential implications for neurobiology cancer, indoles polyamines, which yet be extensively studied. Furthermore, we review preclinical clinical evidence linking dysbiosis, altered metabolite profiles, tumors, showcasing limitations research gaps, particularly human longitudinal studies. Case studies investigating microbiota-based interventions, including dietary changes, fecal transplantation, probiotics, demonstrate promise but also indicate hurdles translating these findings therapies. concludes call standardized multi-omics approaches bi-directional frameworks integrating microbiome, neuroscience, oncology develop personalized therapeutic strategies patients.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota in health and disease: advances and future prospects

MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(12)

Published: Nov. 20, 2024

Abstract The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining human health, influencing wide range of physiological processes, including immune regulation, metabolism, and neurological function. Recent studies have shown that imbalances composition can contribute to the onset progression various diseases, such as metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity diabetes) neurodegenerative conditions Alzheimer's Parkinson's). These are often accompanied by chronic inflammation dysregulated responses, which closely linked specific forms cell death, pyroptosis ferroptosis. Pathogenic bacteria trigger these death pathways through toxin release, while probiotics been found mitigate effects modulating responses. Despite insights, precise mechanisms influences diseases remain insufficiently understood. This review consolidates recent findings on impact immune‐mediated inflammation‐associated conditions. It also identifies gaps current research explores potential advanced technologies, organ‐on‐chip models microbiome–gut–organ axis, for deepening our understanding. Emerging tools, single‐bacterium omics spatial metabolomics, discussed their promise elucidating microbiota's disease development.

Language: Английский

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as an Alternative Method in the Treatment of Obesity

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for various health conditions, particularly obesity and metabolic disorders. This review examines the mechanisms underlying FMT, including its role in restoring gut diversity enhancing immunomodulatory functions, which are essential maintaining overall health. Recent studies indicate that FMT can significantly improve body weight parameters, suggesting potential an alternative or complementary treatment to current therapies. However, effectiveness of depends on several factors, composition donor microbiota, recipient characteristics, concomitant medications dietary interventions. Despite great promise, challenges such standardized protocols, screening, need deeper understanding dynamics remain key hurdles. Future research should focus elucidating specific microbial compositions necessary optimal outcomes exploring personalized approaches tailored individual patient profiles. evolving field presents exciting opportunities innovative strategies treatment, warranting further investigation clinical application.

Language: Английский

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Antibiotics-induced dysbiosis impacts dendritic morphology of adult mouse cortical interneurons

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: March 7, 2025

Introduction A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may contribute to changes in brain morphology. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) has been shown influence neurogenesis, axon myelination, and synapse structure. However, it remains unclear whether MGBA can morphology density inhibitory GABAergic interneurons. aim this study was determine antibiotic-induced dysbiosis (AID) is associated with alterations dendritic interneurons medial entorhinal cortex (mEC), somatosensory (SSC), motor (MC), hippocampus (Hp). Methods cohort six-month-old GAD-67-EGFP transgenic mice treated an antibiotic cocktail for two weeks, resulting as validated by collecting stool samples at baseline after treatment, then using next-generation sequencing 16S ribosomal RNA. Results results demonstrate proposed model effectively exhibited defining features dysbiosis, including a significant reduction diversity, expansion pathobionts, loss beneficial microbes. AID group showed different areas. mean length segments SSC Hp were found be significantly decreased, while no such decrease observed mEC or MC. Furthermore, decreased mEC, Hp, areas, change MC area. Discussion interneuron dysfunction plays role pathogenesis neurological disease. findings suggest potentially influences interneurons, which development disorders.

Language: Английский

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A retrospective study on blood microbiota as a marker for cognitive decline: implications for detecting Alzheimer’s disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment in Republic of Korea

Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 24, 2025

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood microbiota, specifically bacterial DNA, and cognitive decline in individuals with subjective (SCD) amnestic mild impairment (aMCI). The objective was identify potential microbial signatures that could serve as biomarkers for deterioration. Forty-seven participants were recruited, including 13 aMCI, 20 SCD, 14 normal cognition (NC). Blood samples collected, DNA analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing on Illumina MiSeq platform. Bioinformatics analyses-including α- β-diversity measures differential abundance testing (using edgeR)-were employed assess diversity differences composition among groups. Logistic regression models used evaluate predictive impact of microbiota decline. Microbial differed significantly groups, NC exhibiting highest α-diversity. Both aMCI SCD groups showed reduced diversity. Taxa such Bacteroidia, Alphaproteobacteria, Clostridia decreased group compared (p<0.05). In contrast, Gammaproteobacteria increased both indicating progressive changes from aMCI. No significant found Distinct taxa-particularly increase along decreases Clostridia-are associated progression These findings suggest early detection However, small sample size lack control confounding factors diet medication limit findings. Larger studies are needed validate these results further explore role neurodegeneration.

Language: Английский

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Linkage of circadian rhythm disruptions with Alzheimer’s disease and therapeutic interventions

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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COMPORTAMENTO ALIMENTAR E A RELAÇÃO ENTRE O INTESTINO E O CÉREBRO

RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. e516076 - e516076

Published: Dec. 4, 2024

A relação entre alimentação e saúde mental tem ganhado destaque nas pesquisas científicas, especialmente no que diz respeito à interconexão o intestino cérebro. microbiota intestinal, composta por trilhões de microrganismos, interage maneira complexa com sistema nervoso central (SNC) meio vias neurais, hormonais imunológicas. Com base em um guia nutrição clínica, fica evidente a intervenção dietética pode otimizar função do eixo microbiota-intestino-cérebro, promovendo tanto digestiva quanto mental. análise das interações dieta, contribuir para desenvolvimento abordagens inovadoras tratamento condições neuropsiquiátricas. O objetivo desta monografia é investigar comportamental intestino-cérebro, foco intestinal mental, através uma revisão da literatura, pretendendo identificar evidências sustentem hipótese saudável promover microbioma saudável, contribuindo prevenção manejo distúrbios neuropsiquiátricos, como depressão ansiedade. Conclui-se estudo comportamento alimentar sua intestino-cérebro revela bem-estar

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