Immune and metabolic perturbations in COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary mucormycosis: A transcriptome analysis of innate immune cells

Mycoses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 67(1)

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

Abstract Background and Objectives The mechanisms underlying COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary mucormycosis (CAPM) remain unclear. We use a transcriptomic analysis of the innate immune cells to investigate host metabolic response pathways in patients with CAPM. Patients Methods enrolled subjects CAPM ( n = 5), (PM) without COVID‐19 (without mucormycosis, healthy controls 5) comorbid illness negative for SARS‐CoV‐2. Peripheral blood samples from cases were collected before initiating antifungal therapy, neutrophils monocytes isolated. RNA sequencing was performed using Illumina HiSeqX neutrophils. Raw reads aligned HISAT‐2 pipeline DESeq2 used differential gene expression. Gene ontology (GO) pathway Shiny GO application R packages (ggplot2, Pathview). Results derangement core responses noted. Pattern recognition receptors, dectin‐2, MCL, FcRγ receptors CLEC‐2, upregulated, but signalling such as JAK–STAT, IL‐17 CARD‐9 downregulated; mTOR MAP‐kinase elevated patients. complement NETosis, pro‐inflammatory responses, S100A8/A9, lipocalin MMP9, elevated. major glucose metabolism—glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, HIF iron metabolism‐ferroptosis also upregulated Conclusions identified significant alterations possibly leading cellular overload hyperglycaemic state. Immune revealed altered recognition, signalling, effector functions state

Language: Английский

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Diagnostic and Treatment Challenges of Emergent COVID-Associated-Mucormycosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 31 - 31

Published: Dec. 25, 2022

Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection, with high mortality, commonly associated diabetes, malignancies, immunosuppressive therapy, and other immunodeficiency conditions. The emergence of mucormycosis cases has been advanced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical presentation variable, from asymptomatic to persistent fever or localized infections. We present case Romanian old man, without diabetes immunodepression, who developed severe rhino-orbital bacterial superinfections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Klebsiella pneumoniae. late diagnostic antifungal treatment was related extensive lesions, bone tissue loss, required complex reconstruction procedures. review relationships between mucormycosis, COVID-19, suspicion index should be increased in medical practice. COVID-19-Associated-Mucormycosis currently challenging, calling for multidisciplinary collaboration.

Language: Английский

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Allicin as a Volatile or Nebulisable Antimycotic for the Treatment of Pulmonary Mycoses: In Vitro Studies Using a Lung Flow Test Rig

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(12), P. 6607 - 6607

Published: June 14, 2022

Fungal infections of the lung are an increasing problem worldwide and search for novel therapeutic agents is a current challenge due to emerging resistance antimycotics. The volatile defence substance allicin formed naturally by freshly injured garlic plants exhibits broad antimicrobial potency. Chemically synthesised was active against selected fungi upon direct contact via gas phase at comparable concentrations pharmaceutically used antimycotic amphotericin B. We investigated suppression fungal growth vapour aerosols in vitro test rig air flow conditions mimicking human lung. effect enhanced ethanol. Our results suggest that potential candidate development use antifungal therapy upper respiratory tract infections.

Language: Английский

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Association of COVID with Mycosis in General

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(6)

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory disease which created havoc worldwide, was accompanied another peculiar, otherwise rare, secondary fungal infection Mucormycosis observed at exceptionally high incidence in India during the second wave of COVID-19. article explores possible links between two infectious diseases to understand higher-than-normal occurrence patients. Coronavirus enters patients through ACE-2 and many other receptors like- NRP-1, TfR, CD-126, CD-26. Virus bind cells possessing these affect their proper functioning, disturbing homeostatic metabolism resulting conditions like hyperglycemia, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), low serum pH, iron overload, anemia, hypoxia, immunosuppression as explained article. All outcomes provide very supportive environment for attack spread fungi. major receptor humans GRP-78. Its expression upregulated coronavirus entry hyperferritinemia, acidic prevalent COVID patients, thus providing an easy species. Upregulation GRP-78 furthermore damages pancreatic β-cells intensifies showing quite synergic relationship. Inordinate rise cases might be facts large proportion diabetic emergence deadly strain coronavirus- Delta strain, higher doses steroids antibodies used treat against this overburdened health care services, sudden much need oxygen supply use industrial could explain outbreak Objective: present review discusses functional interdependence summarizes Mucormycosis. Conclusion: metabolic pathways affected result severe physiological conditions- DKA, immunosuppression, hypoxia. not only increase GRP-78, fungi but also play crucial role quality media fungus establish grow. Hence explains epidemic India.

Language: Английский

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Mucormycosis during the COVID-19 pandemicOur takeaways

IP Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Allied Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(2), P. 31 - 34

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

is a rare, opportunistic fungal infection that affects immune-compromised hosts. When involving the PNS, it can be Rhino-orbital or Rhinocerebral and may rapidly prove fatal. We present retrospective case series analysis of 48 patients from COVID-19 pandemic, our management them, takeaways. Out 48, 12 had previous history oxygen therapy, 32 tested positive for recently,8 ICU admission, most common occupations affected were homemakers housewives. Grade 2 3 rhino-orbital cerebral (ROCM)were commonly found, 28 developed type diabetes before after ROCM 4 in aftermath disease. A high degree suspicion should maintained all with nasal, orbital, neuro complaints without co-morbid conditions.

Language: Английский

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Collaborative Study of COVID-19 Associated Rhino- Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis in Iran (CA-ROCM-IR): A Preliminary Report

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

The outbreak of COVID-19 associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (CA-ROCM) through the latest waves pandemic in several countries gathered attention to this rare fungal infection. This prospective observational study aims evaluate demographic and medical profile, clinical signs symptoms (with a special focus on ophthalmic findings), imaging features, outcome CA-ROCM patients. collaborative Associated Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis Iran (CA-ROCM-IR) has been conducted 8 tertiary referral ophthalmology centers among different provinces during fifth wave pandemic. All patients were subjected complete history taking comprehensive ophthalmological examination, underwent standard accepted treatment strategy based disease stage. present report is preliminary results project study. Two hundred seventy-four patients, including 150 males (54.7%), who had mean age 56.8 ± 12.44 years, enrolled. Diabetes mellitus was most prevalent (82.8%) Supplemental oxygen administration corticosteroid use due large proportion (68.2%, 73.7% respectively). common primary complaints facial pain (47.4%), swelling (38.3%), nasal discharge (32.5%). Ptosis (58%), periorbital (46%), congestion (40.5%) A majority (80.3%) diagnosed at stage 3 or higher ROCM rate ocular involvement whom 92.3%. affected paranasal sinus ethmoid (75.2%), followed by maxillary (70.8%). total 30 (10.9%) expired before from hospitals. Patients with cigarette smoking (OR = 7.25), ICU admission 87.36), 4.22), receiving endoscopic debridement transcutaneous retrobulbar amphotericin B (TRAMB) 4.20), bilateral 2.94) upper odds for death hospital. History systemic corticosteroids significantly reduced mortality 0.058, P 0.006). Also, GEE analysis showed statistically significant LogMAR visual acuity score (3.71, 95% CI: 3.04–4.38) compared discharged hospitals (2.42, 2.16–2.68) (P < 0.001).

Language: Английский

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Analog and Digital Protocols for Functional Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Post-COVID-19 Rhino-Orbito Cerebral Mucormycosis Maxillofacial Defects: A Case Series

Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(Suppl 2), P. S1347 - S1350

Published: July 1, 2023

A BSTRACT The current study aims to present our clinical observations and experience gathered during the diagnosis, presentation, medical/surgical treatment, functional prosthetic rehabilitation of cases rhino-orbital/cerebral Mucormycosis patients. is an aggressive, life-threatening invasive fungal infection that occurs in people who are immune-compromised. rise ROCM second wave COVID-19 pandemic India suggests a more effective association between SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. treatment strategy for early diagnosis which critical successful outcome. initial step reduce or remove underlying risk factors followed by surgical excision debridement afflicted tissues supplemented with antifungal medication. first-line Liposomal Amphotericin B. Postsurgical resection defects rehabilitated either removable partial prosthesis (obturators) fixed zygomatic implant/patient-specific implant supported prosthesis. Management requires multidisciplinary approach. This case series highlights detailed medical, surgical, management modalities adopted team managing such dreaded disease may be used as tool formulation standardized prevention management/treatment/rehabilitation protocols future so morbidity mortality reduced endemic outbreak could averted.

Language: Английский

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Factors associated with cutaneous colonization of Mucormycetes in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals

Access Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

This study was conducted to assess factors associated with cutaneous colonization of Mucormycetes in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. A total 800 swab samples from 200 participants including 100 diabetics non-diabetics were collected four different body sites: (1) the forehead, (2) nasal cavity, (3) hands (4) feet. Fungal isolation, fungal identification antibiotic sensitivity tests performed on isolates. Overall, 12.0 % showed while commonest isolates

Language: Английский

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Revelation of inherent trends in Mucormycosis resurgence in India: A comparative analysis of past prevalence (pre-Covid-19) and current outbreaks

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 9, 2023

Abstract Mucormycosis (MM), commonly referred to as ‘Black Fungus’ was a relatively lesser-known fungal infection until the onset of Covid-19 pandemic. However, amidst global outbreak, it emerged widespread causing significant morbidity and mortality. In India, recorded incidence MM approximately 80% higher than in rest world due prevalence specific pre-disposing factors, causal organisms, clinical manifestations, intriguing epidemiological trends. This study compared case-control studies conducted India before pandemic during current comprehend impact on surge cases. Our findings demonstrate that is distinct condition which not solely dependent Covid-19. Interestingly, trends association with comorbidities like diabetes its greater male gender remains consistent both periods. The increased occurrence appears be more intricately linked challenges management treatment Covid-19, leading emergence novel predisposing factors. indiscriminate use steroids, immunosuppressants, resultant hyperglycemic condition, especially population already burdened comorbidity contributed significantly havoc. suggests raising general awareness about preventive measures, regulation steroid drug misuse can play crucial role curtailing development spread deadly infections future.

Language: Английский

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INCIDENCIA DE INFECCIONES FÚNGICAS INVASIVAS ASOCIADAS A COVID-19

TLATEMOANI Revista Académica de Investigación, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 97 - 120

Published: Aug. 30, 2022

Las infecciones fúngicas invasivas usualmente son causadas por hongos que naturalmente forman parte del microbiota o se encuentran en el ambiente. Sin embargo, cuando las condiciones de inmunocompetencia debilitan, es posible estos oportunistas conviertan patógenos e inicien un proceso infectivo hospedero. La pandemia virus SARS-CoV-2 ha representado reto importante para los sistemas salud a nivel mundial. De acuerdo con recomendaciones la Organización Mundial Salud, pacientes COVID-19 grave requieren asistencia ventilatoria externa, debe tratárseles corticosteroides limitar respuesta inflamatoria y fenómeno conocido como tormenta citocinas, causante mayoría decesos COVID-19. forma actúan corticosteroides, fármacos producen una franca inmunosupresión, lo que, vez recuperado infección virus, paciente queda estado vulnerabilidad ambientales aquellos microbiota. En este trabajo presenta revisión descriptiva realizada base datos PubMed, donde incluyó información referente principales asociadas COVID-19: aspergilosis, mucormicosis, candidiasis criptococosis. Se incluye sobre incidencia, índice mortalidad, diagnóstico tratamiento estas infecciones, resaltan comorbilidades representan factores riesgo población.

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