Clinical Manifestations of Human Exposure to Fungi

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 381 - 381

Published: March 21, 2023

Biological particles, along with inorganic gaseous and particulate pollutants, constitute an ever-present component of the atmosphere surfaces. Among these particles are fungal species colonizing almost all ecosystems, including human body. Although inoffensive to most people, fungi can be responsible for several health problems, such as allergic diseases infections. Worldwide disease incidence is increasing, new emerging appearing yearly. Reasons this increase expansion life expectancy, number immunocompromised patients (immunosuppressive treatments transplantation, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency diseases), uncontrolled underlying conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus), misusage medication corticosteroids broad-spectrum antibiotics). Managing challenging; only four classes antifungal drugs available, resistance no vaccines have been approved. The present work reviews implications in from (i.e., bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, severe asthma sensitization, thunderstorm asthma, rhinosinusitis, occupational lung diseases) infections superficial, subcutaneous, systemic infections). Topics etiological agent, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment will revised improve knowledge growing concern.

Language: Английский

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Sporotrichosis Outbreak Due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Domestic Cats in Magallanes, Chile: A One-Health-Approach Study

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 226 - 226

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Sporotrichosis is an implantation mycosis with subcutaneo-lymphatic or, more rarely, a viscerally disseminated affection; it can be acquired through traumatic percutaneous inoculation of the fungus present in soil or plant matter, by feline scratching. Among causative agents, Sporothrix brasiliensis considered most virulent species high prevalence Brazil and recently Argentina.To describe S. outbreak domestic feral cats detected Magallanes region southern Chile.Between months July September 2022, three presented suppurative subcutaneous lesions located mainly on head thoracic limbs. The cytology revealed presence yeasts morphological characteristics suggestive spp. histopathology confirmed pyogranulomatous associated same yeasts. fungal culture followed partial gene sequence analysis ITS diagnosis as agent. were treated itraconazole one case potassium iodide. evolution patients was favorable all cases.An caused austral Chile. correct identification this antifungigram essential for treatment decisions designing dissemination control prevention programs under health approach that consider people, animals, environment.

Language: Английский

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Emergence of zoonotic sporotrichosis in Brazil: a genomic epidemiology study

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. e282 - e290

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Zoonotic sporotrichosis is a neglected fungal disease, whereby outbreaks are primarily driven by Sporothrix brasiliensis and linked to cat-to-human transmission. To understand the emergence spread of in Brazil, epicentre current epidemic South America, we aimed conduct whole-genome sequencing (WGS) describe genomic epidemiology.

Language: Английский

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Extracutaneous sporotrichosis

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

SUMMARY Sporotrichosis is a subacute-to-chronic infection endemic to tropical and subtropical regions. It usually involves subcutaneous tissue but can occasionally cause extracutaneous infections, especially in hyperendemic areas. Extracutaneous infections are classified based on the anatomic location of lesion route (primary or multifocal). The clinical forms as follows: (i) pulmonary multifocal); (ii) osteoarticular (iii) ocular (ocular adnexal lesions including eyelid lesions, conjunctivitis dacryocystitis, intraocular infections); (iv) central nervous system; (v) mucosal disseminated). Multifocal presentations observed mainly immunocompromised individuals. diagnosis must be confirmed laboratory by mycological examination samples. Itraconazole amphotericin B most commonly used antifungal agents for treating pulmonary, osteoarticular, ocular, forms. Treatment may include surgical excision initial treatment neurological involvement far from optimal associated with high mortality rate despite long periods.

Language: Английский

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Insights from Cutting-edge Diagnostics and Epidemiology of Sporotrichosis and Taxonomic Shifts in Sporothrix

Current Fungal Infection Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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Application of Principal Component Analysis as a Prediction Model for Feline Sporotrichosis

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 32 - 32

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Sporotrichosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that spreading and causing epidemics in large urban centers. Cats are the most susceptible species to develop disease, which could cause significant systemic lesions. The aim was investigate identify predictive indicators of progression by correlations between blood profile (hematological biochemical analytes) cutaneous lesion patterns 70 cats diagnosed with Sporothrix brasiliensis. higher occurrence male this study be related being non-neutered having access open spaces. Principal component analysis (PCA) two principal components, followed binary logistic regression, regression analysis, independent variables backward elimination modeling, were performed evaluate hematological (n = 56) 34) analytes, including red cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, segmented neutrophils, band eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, total plasma protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase. Two models (PCA variables) employed search for predicted model correlate fixed (isolated) disseminated patterns. Total protein concentration may assessed during screening diagnosis as it has been recognized an predictor dissemination patterns, capability serving biomarker lesions induced S. brasiliensis infections cats.

Language: Английский

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Genetic diversity and molecular evolution of 3-carboxymuconate cyclase (Gp60–70), the major antigen in pathogenic Sporothrix species

Mycology&#58 An International Journal on Fungal Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 27

Published: March 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Innovative Therapeutic Approaches Based on Nanotechnology for the Treatment and Management of Tuberculosis

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 1159 - 1191

Published: March 1, 2023

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB), derived from bacterium named Mycobacterium tuberculosis , has become one of the worst infectious and contagious illnesses in world after HIV/AIDS. Long-term therapy, a high pill burden, lack compliance, strict management regimens are disadvantages which resulted extensively drug-resistant (XDR) along with multidrug-resistant (MDR) treatment TB. One main thrust areas for current scenario is development innovative intervention tools early diagnosis therapeutics towards (MTB). This review discusses various nanotherapeutic agents that have been developed MTB diagnostics, anti-TB drugs vaccine. Undoubtedly, concept employing nanoparticles (NPs) strong potential this therapy offers impressive outcomes to conquer disease. Nanocarriers different types were designed drug delivery applications via administration methods. Controlling maintaining release might be an example benefits utilizing drug-loaded NP TB over conventional therapy. Furthermore, drug-encapsulated able lessen dosage regimen can resolve problems insufficient compliance. Over past decade, NPs both diagnostic therapeutic methods, while on other hand, system increased. These "theranostic" nuclear imaging, optical ultrasound, imaging magnetic resonance computed tomography, includes single-photon tomography positron emission tomography. More specifically, manuscript focuses status approaches Keywords: tuberculosis, nanomedicine, theranostic, diagnostic,

Language: Английский

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Sporothrix brasiliensis genotyping reveals numerous independent zoonotic introductions in Brazil

Journal of Infection, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 86(6), P. 610 - 613

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Sporothrix brasiliensis Gp70 is a cell wall protein required for adhesion, proper interaction with innate immune cells, and virulence

The Cell Surface, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13, P. 100139 - 100139

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Sporothrix brasiliensis is one of the leading etiological agents sporotrichosis, a cutaneous and subcutaneous mycosis worldwide distributed. This organism has been recently associated with epidemic outbreaks in Brazil. Despite medical relevance this species, little known about its virulence factors, most information on subject extrapolated from schenckii. Here, we generated S. mutants, where GP70 was silenced. In schenckii, gene encodes glycoprotein adhesive properties required for virulence. The silencing led to an abnormal cellular phenotype, smaller, round yeast-like cells that aggregate. Cell aggregation disrupted glucanase, suggesting phenotype linked changes cell wall. wall characterization confirmed structural polysaccharide β-1,3-glucan, which increased quantity exposure at surface. accompanied by reduction protein content N-linked glycans. Mutant strains high GP70-silencing levels showed minimal 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cyclase activity, glycoprotein's predicted enzyme function, decreased ability bind laminin fibronectin. These phenotypical coincided interaction human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, production IL-1β, IL-17, IL-22 reduced strong dependence cytokine stimulation via mannose receptor lost. Phagocytosis monocyte-derived macrophages attenuated Galleria mellonella larvae. conclusion, Gp70 abundant contributes proper innate immnune cells.

Language: Английский

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