Current trends, limitations and future research in the fungi?

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 125(1), P. 1 - 71

Published: March 20, 2024

Abstract The field of mycology has grown from an underappreciated subset botany, to a valuable, modern scientific discipline. As this study grown, there have been significant contributions science, technology, and industry, highlighting the value fungi in era. This paper looks at current research, along with existing limitations, suggests future areas where scientists can focus their efforts, mycology. We show how become important emerging diseases medical discuss trends potential drug novel compound discovery. explore phylogenomics, its potential, outcomes address question phylogenomics be applied fungal ecology. In addition, functional genomics studies are discussed importance unravelling intricate mechanisms underlying behaviour, interactions, adaptations, paving way for comprehensive understanding biology. look research building materials, they used as carbon sinks, biocircular economies. numbers always great interest often written about estimates varied greatly. Thus, we needs order obtain more reliable estimates. aspects machine learning (AI) it mycological research. Plant pathogens affecting food production systems on global scale, such, needed area, particularly disease detection. latest data High Throughput Sequencing if still gaining new knowledge same rate before. A review nanotechnology is provided addressed. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi addressed acknowledged. Fungal databases becoming important, therefore provide major databases. Edible medicinal huge medicines, especially Asia prospects discussed. Lifestyle changes (e.g., endophytes, pathogens, and/or saprobes) also extremely trend special issue Diversity.

Language: Английский

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The role of epigenetics in plant pathogens interactions under the changing environments; A systematic review

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100753 - 100753

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Functional genetic characterization of stress tolerance and biofilm formation in Nakaseomyces ( Candida ) glabrata via a novel CRISPR activation system

mSphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(2)

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

ABSTRACT The overexpression of genes frequently arises in Nakaseomyces (formerly Candida ) glabrata via gain-of-function mutations, gene duplication, or aneuploidies, with important consequences on pathogenesis traits and antifungal drug resistance. This highlights the need to develop specific genetic tools mimic study amplification this fungal pathogen. Here, we report development, validation, applications first clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) activation (CRISPRa) system N. for targeted overexpression. Using system, demonstrate ability CRISPRa drive high levels expression , further assess optimal guide RNA targeting robust We overexpress involved resistance detect corresponding phenotypic alterations these key traits, including characterization novel phenotypes. Finally, capture strain variation using our two commonly used backgrounds. Together, tool will expand capacity functional pathogen, numerous possibilities future applications. IMPORTANCE is an pathogen that now second leading cause candidiasis infections. A common strategy employs resist treatment through upregulation expression, but have limited available phenomenon. develop, optimize, apply use as a means . utility susceptibility, stress tolerance, biofilm growth. be contribution biology

Language: Английский

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Halophilic Fungi—Features and Potential Applications

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 175 - 175

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Extremophiles are of significant scientific interest due to their unique adaptation harsh environmental conditions and potential for diverse biotechnological applications. Among these extremophiles, filamentous fungi adapted high-salt environments represent a new valuable source enzymes, biomolecules, biomaterials. While most studies on halophiles have focused bacteria, reports remain limited. This review compiles information about salt-adapted details distribution, mechanisms, applications in various societal areas. Understanding the adaptive mechanisms halophilic not only sheds light biology extremophilic but also leads promising applications, including development salt-tolerant enzymes strategies bioremediation saline habitats. To fully realize this potential, comprehensive understanding ecology, diversity physiology is crucial. In addition, survival important astrobiology. The highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Lion’s Mane Mushroom (Hericium erinaceus): A Neuroprotective Fungus with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Potential—A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 1307 - 1307

Published: April 9, 2025

Hericium erinaceus, commonly known as lion’s mane mushroom, has gained increasing scientific interest due to its rich composition of bioactive compounds and diverse health-promoting properties. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview the nutritional therapeutic potential H. with particular focus on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities. A structured literature search was performed using databases such PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web Science, Google Scholar. Studies published in last two decades focusing erinaceus’ were included. The chemical erinaceus includes polysaccharides, terpenoids (hericenones erinacines), phenolic compounds, which exhibit potent antioxidant effects by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducing endogenous enzymes. Additionally, shows promising activity against bacterial fungal pathogens, applications combating antibiotic-resistant infections. mushroom’s capacity stimulate nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis highlighted preventing managing neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s. Advances biotechnological methods, including optimized cultivation techniques novel extraction may further enhance bioavailability pharmacological erinaceus. Despite findings, clinical validation remains limited. Future research should prioritize large-scale trials, standardization elucidation pharmacokinetics facilitate integration into evidence-based medicine. functional food, nutraceutical, adjunct agent highlights need for interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, clinicians, regulatory bodies.

Language: Английский

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Genetic Engineering in Bacteria, Fungi, and Oomycetes, Taking Advantage of CRISPR

DNA, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 427 - 454

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Genetic engineering has revolutionized our ability to modify microorganisms for various applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry. This review examines recent advances genetic techniques bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, with a focus on CRISPR-Cas systems. In CRISPR-Cas9 enabled precise genome editing, enhancing antibiotic production metabolic engineering. For despite challenges associated their complex cell structures, CRISPR/Cas9 advanced the of enzymes secondary metabolites. significant plant pathogens, modified Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, CRISPR/Cas12a have contributed developing disease-resistant crops. provides comparative analysis efficiencies across these addresses ethical regulatory considerations. Future research directions include refining tools improve efficiency expand applicability non-model organisms. comprehensive overview highlights transformative potential microbiology its implications addressing global biotechnology.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic manipulation for secondary metabolite activation in endophytic fungi: current progress and future directions

Mycology&#58 An International Journal on Fungal Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 275 - 291

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

Fungal endophytes have emerged as a promising source of secondary metabolites with significant potential for various applications in the field biomedicine. The biosynthetic gene clusters endophytic fungi are responsible encoding several enzymes and transcriptional factors that involved biosynthesis metabolites. investigation fungal metabolic at genetic level faces certain challenges, including synthesis appropriate amounts chemicals, loss ability to produce an artificial culture medium. Therefore, there is need delve deeper into genomics transcriptomics explore generating governed by clusters. silent can be activated modulating chromatin structure using chemical compounds. Epigenetic modification plays role inducing cryptic production DNA methyl transferase histone deacetylase. CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing emerges effective tool enhance desired expression. This review primarily focuses on significance epigenetic elicitors their capacity boost from endophytes. article holds rejuvenate drug discovery pipeline introducing new

Language: Английский

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Improved Protoplast Production Protocol for Fungal Transformations Mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 in Botrytis cinerea Non-Sporulating Isolates

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(13), P. 1754 - 1754

Published: June 25, 2024

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that causes considerable economic losses in commercial crops. Fungi of the genus exhibit great morphological and genetic variability, ranging from non-sporogenic non-infective isolates to highly virulent sporogenic ones. There growing interest different terms their methodological applications aimed at gaining deeper understanding biology these fungal species for more efficient control infections they cause. This article describes an improvement protoplast production protocol isolates, resulting viable protoplasts with regenerating capacity. The method improvements consist two-day incubation period mycelium plugs orbital shaking. Special mention made our preference VinoTaste Pro enzyme KC buffer as replacement Glucanex, it enhances efficacy isolation B459 B371 isolates. methodology described here has proven be very useful biotechnological such transformations mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 tool.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9 mediated targeted knock-in of eglA gene to improve endoglucanase activity of Aspergillus fumigatus LMB-35Aa

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Bioeconomy goals for using biomass feedstock biofuels and bio-based production has arisen the demand fungal strains enzymes processing. Despite well-known Trichoderma Aspergillus commercial strains, continuous bioprospecting revealed biodiversity potential of degrading enzymes. The strain fumigatus LMB-35Aa a great as source lignocellulose-degrading Nevertheless, genetic improvement should be considered to increase its biotechnological potential. Molecular manipulation based on homologous direct recombination (HDR) in filamentous fungi poses challenge since low rate. Currently, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis can enable precise efficient editing genomes. In this study, gene strategy improving endoglucanase activity A. was successfully used, which constitutes first report heterologous cellulase technology. For this, eglA from niger ATCC 10,864 integrated into conidial melanin pksP locus, facilitated selection edited events discerned by emergence albino colonies. Heterologous EglA enzyme biofilm fermentation system resulted 40% mutant compared wild type.

Language: Английский

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Considerations for Domestication of Novel Strains of Filamentous Fungi

ACS Synthetic Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Fungi, especially filamentous fungi, are a relatively understudied, biotechnologically useful resource with incredible potential for commercial applications. These multicellular eukaryotic organisms have long been exploited their natural production of commodity chemicals and proteins such as enzymes used in starch processing, detergents, food feed production, pulping paper making biofuels production. The ability fungi to use wide range feedstocks is another key advantage. As chassis organisms, can express cellular machinery, metabolic signal transduction pathways from both prokaryotic origins. Their genomes abound novel genetic elements processes that be harnessed biotechnology Synthetic biology tools becoming inexpensive, modular, expansive while systems beginning provide the level understanding required design increasingly complex synthetic systems. This review covers challenges working offers perspective on approaches needed exploit microbial cell factories.

Language: Английский

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