Pathological Effects of COVID-19 on Body Organs DOI Creative Commons

Sabereh Ahmadzadeh,

Mehrnoosh Sedighi,

Amin Torkashvand

et al.

Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 1 - 19

Published: March 1, 2023

The SARS-COV-2 virus is the cause of 2020 pandemic that has infected and killed millions worldwide.While upper respiratory tract cells are primary targets COVID-19, can infiltrate other tissues organs, leading to potentially serious complications.The new coronavirus primarily affects angiotensin II receptor cytokine pathways, which result in acute pulmonary inflammation, edema, distress syndrome, vascular endothelial dysfunction, embolism lungs, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, heart failure, intravenous thrombosis heart.COVID-19 infection be associated with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain.Also, reports mild transient liver damage, polyneuropathy, encephalitis, stroke, renal hypocortisolism, damage hypothalamus pituitary system available.COVID-19 also skin rash, urticaria, maculopapular lesions, lesions chill blain, petechiae purpura, scalpopathy.This narrative review evaluates pathogenesis novel on body organs based relevant published papers reference books. Vol. 11 No. 1The incubation period 2-14 days after enters [6][7].The prevalence slightly higher men than women.After period, most people have clinical moderate illness, fever, dry cough, fatigue, muscle aches, shortness breath.Most them cared for at home without particular treatment protocols.Older underlying diseases, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, chronic or cancer, typically more susceptible a severe form virus.Clinical patients include breath, pain pressure chest, bruising lips face [7][8][9].Complications pneumonia, hypoxia, shock, multiple organ thromboembolism, bleeding, myopathy lead extended hospitalization fatal outcomes.Laboratory results these show Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), D-dimer level, lymphocyte reduction (lymphocytopenia) peripheral sample [7][8][9][10].The infecting mechanism lung heart.These causes death rates patients.This aims evaluate organs. METHODThis paper discusses impact some vital molecular mechanisms involved this disease 184 articles available various online databases Web Science, Scopus, Pubmed, books.However, different COVID-19 strains affect body's summarized Table 1.Table 1.COVID-19 Variants Being Monitored (VBM) WHO Label Pango

Language: Английский

Recent Developments in Electrochemical-Impedimetric Biosensors for Virus Detection DOI Open Access
Zala Štukovnik, Urban Bren

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(24), P. 15922 - 15922

Published: Dec. 14, 2022

Viruses, including influenza viruses, MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus), SARS-CoV (severe acute HAV (Hepatitis A virus), HBV B HCV C HIV (human immunodeficiency EBOV (Ebola ZIKV (Zika and most recently SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus 2), are responsible for many diseases that result in hundreds of thousands deaths yearly. The ongoing outbreak the COVID-19 disease has raised a global concern intensified research on detection viruses virus-related diseases. Novel methods sensitive, rapid, on-site pathogens, such as recent SARS-CoV-2, critical diagnosing treating infectious before they spread affect human health worldwide. In this sense, electrochemical impedimetric biosensors could be applied virus large scale. This review focuses developments electrochemical-impedimetric viruses.

Language: Английский

Citations

33
Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genome evolutionary patterns DOI Creative Commons
Shubhangi Gupta, Deepanshu Gupta, Sonika Bhatnagar

et al.

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(2)

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

ABSTRACT The spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus accompanied by public availability abundant sequence data provides a window for the determination viral evolutionary patterns. In this study, genome sequences were collected from seven countries in period January 2020–December 2022. classified into three phases, namely, pre-vaccination, post-vaccination, and recent period. Comparison was performed between these phases based on parameters like mutation rates, selection pressure (d N /d S ratio), transition to transversion ratios (T i /T v ). Similar comparisons among variants. Statistical significance tested using Graphpad unpaired t -test. analysis showed an increase percent genomic rates post-vaccination periods across all pre-vaccination sequences. Mutation highest NSP3, S, N, NSP12b before increased further after vaccination. NSP4 largest change d purifying that shifted toward neutral ORF8, ORF3a, ORF10 under positive Shift driven E, ORF7a vaccination set. sequences, observed NSP1, NSP13. T decreased with time. C→U G→U most frequent transitions transversions. However, U→G Omicron variant had while Delta ratio. Protein-wise ratio also seen vary different IMPORTANCE To best our knowledge, there exists no other large-scale study protein-wise patterns during time course evolution countries. Analyzing view varying spatial, temporal, biological signals is important diagnostics, therapeutics, pharmacovigilance SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
COVID-19 mutations: An overview DOI Open Access
Malay Sarkar, Irappa Madabhavi

World Journal of Methodology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3)

Published: June 25, 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the genus Beta coronavirus and family of Coronaviridae. It is a positive-sense, non-segmented single-strand RNA virus. Four common types human coronaviruses circulate globally, particularly in fall winter seasons. They are responsible for 10%-30% all mild upper tract infections adults. These 229E, NL63 Alfacoronaviridae family, OC43, HKU1 Betacoronaviridae family. However, there three highly pathogenic coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2, Middle East coronavirus, latest pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. All viruses, including have inherent tendency evolve. still evolving humans. Additionally, due development herd immunity, prior infection, use medication, vaccination, antibodies, viruses facing immune pressure. During replication process pressure, virus may undergo mutations. Several variants, variants concern (VOCs), such as B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), B.1.617/B.1.617.2 (Delta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.1.529 (Omicron) been reported from various parts world. VOCs contain several important mutations; some them on spike proteins. mutations lead enhanced infectivity, transmissibility, decreased neutralization efficacy monoclonal convalescent sera, or vaccines. Mutations also failure detection molecular diagnostic tests, leading delayed diagnosis, increased community spread, treatment. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Covariant, Stanford variant Database, CINAHL December 2019 February 2023 using following search terms: VOC, Omicron,

Language: Английский

Citations

5
COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: A Retrospective Observational Pharmacovigilance Study DOI Open Access
Francesco Ferrara,

Carolina Mancaniello,

Alessia Varriale

et al.

Clinical Drug Investigation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(12), P. 1065 - 1074

Published: Oct. 23, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

18
Reduced immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the elderly after 6 months DOI Creative Commons

Qin Luo,

Qinqin Song,

Yan Li

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 9, 2025

Objectives To evaluate the immune persistence and cross-immune response of elderly individuals after Omicron BA.5 infections. Method The neutralizing antibodies against WT, BA.5, XBB.1 EG.5 strains were analyzed. T/B-cell subsets’ responses tested through intracellular cytokine staining flow cytometry. Results titers WT strain, remaining high level for at least 6 months, higher than that both variants. XBB.1, in slightly lower those middle-age. memory B cells decreased rapidly elderly, Tfh, Th17 continued to increase only 3 while Tfh increased middle-aged over months. For peptide stimulation, unswitched/switched decreased, double negative displayed proliferation. proportions naïve Temra CD4 + CD8 T declined, whereas Tcm Tem elevated. In meantime, CD69 CD38 but frequencies PD-1 CTLA-4 showed an increasing trend. also older people with long COVID symptoms 3m post-infection. Conclusions infection induced variant. decrease cells, as well , /CD8 indicate sustained may wane more populations.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
SARS-CoV-2–specific antibody and T-cell immunity in convalescents after infection wave in Beijing in late 2022 DOI

Xuejiao Guan,

Qi Huang, Mei Dong

et al.

Journal of Infection, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 87(5), P. 413 - 419

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Prognosis Predictive Markers in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Nicoleta Ștefania Motoc, Iulia Făgărășan, Andrada Elena Urdă-Cîmpean

et al.

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(15), P. 2597 - 2597

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Some studies have reported that chronic respiratory illnesses in patients with COVID-19 result an increase hospitalization and death rates, while other to the contrary. The present research aims determine if a predictive model (developed by combing different clinical, imaging, or blood markers) could be established for both obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) COVID-19, order able foresee outcomes of these patients. A prospective observational cohort 165 diseases was analyzed terms clinical characteristics, tests, chest computed tomography results. beta-coefficients from logistic regression were used create score based on significant identified markers poor (transfers intensive care unit (ICU) mechanical ventilation, death). severity renal failure, diabetes, smoking status (current previous), requirement oxygen therapy upon admission, high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) C-reactive protein level (CRP readings), low eosinophil lymphocyte counts all as being indicators prognosis. Higher mortality linked occurrence number affected lobes, need hospital LDH, levels. Patients had 86.4% chance dying their scores −2.80 lower, model. factors prognosis who COPD same those only COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Variable neutralizing antibody responses to 10 SARS-CoV-2 variants in natural infection with wild- type (B.1) virus, Kappa (B.1.617.1), and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants and COVISHIELD vaccine immunization in India: utility of the MSD platform DOI Creative Commons
Rajashree Patil, Sonali Palkar, A. C. Mishra

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 5, 2023

For the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, emergence variants accumulating immune-escape mutations remains a major concern. We analyzed anti-variant (n = 10) neutralization activity sera from patients infected with Wuhan (B.1), Kappa, and Delta COVISHIELD vaccine recipients (prepositives) or without (prenegatives) prior antibody positivity using V- PLEX ACE2 Neutralization Kit MSD. MSD PRNT 50 correlated well (r 0.76–0.83, p < 0.0001). Despite least in Kappa patients, neutralizing (Nab) levels responders were comparable patients. Vaccinees sampled at 1 month (PD2-1) 6 months (PD2-6) post-second dose showed highest seropositivity Nab against strain. At PD2-1, responder rate was variant-dependent 100% respectively prenegatives prepositives. B.1.135.1, B.1.620, B.1.1.7+E484K (both groups), AY.2 (prenegatives), B.1.618 lower than that Wuhan. PD2-6, decreased to 15.6%–68.8% prenegatives; 3.5%–10.7% prepositives turned negative for same four variants. As decline 9/10 further reduction seen These possess immune-evasion-associated RBD/S region. In conclusion, our data show response multiple depends on infecting variant. confirm superiority hybrid immunity Depending variant pre- postvaccination, immune different vaccines populations will vary impact protection emerging The platform provides an excellent alternative live virus/pseudovirus tests.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Advancements in the Development of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics DOI Open Access
Junjie Huang, Qianqian Ma, Zhengding Su

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(19), P. 10820 - 10820

Published: Oct. 9, 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that causes COVID-19, and so far, it has occurred five noteworthy variants of concern (VOC). SARS-CoV-2 invades cells by contacting its Spike (S) protein to receptor on host cell, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2). However, high frequency mutations in S limited effectiveness existing drugs against variants, particularly Omicron variant. Therefore, critical develop have highly effective antiviral activity both future. This review provides an overview mechanism infection current progress anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
COVID-19: Epidemiology, Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Therapeutic Options, and Prevention DOI

Jaime E. Mogollon,

Ghaleb Halaseh,

Neeraja Swaminathan

et al.

Contemporary Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 3 - 18

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

0