Environmental justice, infrastructure provisioning, and environmental impact assessment: Evidence from the California Environmental Quality Act DOI Creative Commons

Jie Wang,

Nícola Ulibarrí, Tyler A. Scott

et al.

Environmental Science & Policy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 66 - 75

Published: May 11, 2023

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a decision support tool that analyzes the environmental and social impacts of infrastructure projects. This paper focuses on California Quality Act (CEQA), law requiring EIA use in California, to examine where new proposed whether can shape distribution justice through review process. We analyze temporal spatial more than 7000 projects their as under CEQA from 2011 2020. Using fixed-effects negative binomial regression model association between number initiated existing socioeconomic conditions by census tract, multinomial logistic investigate determinants project's level review, we find an unequal infrastructure. socio-economically vulnerable communities those with greater burden pollution are less likely be site newly infrastructure, but tend beneficial, less-polluting like parks or schools could help redress past injustices. Moreover, receive most stringent reviews have mitigated. These findings suggest interacts distributive contradictory ways. They also highlight need separately consider amenities versus harms such processes do not stand barrier constructing beneficial communities.

Language: Английский

Environmental justice in the context of urban green space availability, accessibility, and attractiveness in postsocialist cities DOI Creative Commons
Jakub Kronenberg, Annegret Haase, Edyta Łaszkiewicz

et al.

Cities, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 106, P. 102862 - 102862

Published: July 7, 2020

This article aims to position postsocialist cities in Central and Eastern Europe the broader debate on urban environmental justice. The crosscuts through all three dimensions of justice (distributive/distributional, procedural/participatory, interactional/recognition) context green blue space provision. Environmental is still an emerging topic cities, constrained by market-orientation neoliberal trends within society, privatization, primacy private interests. respective situation provides insights into international justice, highlighting some extremes related populist governments very rapid processes that lack long-term democratic consensus societies. findings this study are discussed a legacy, which includes broad tolerance for inequalities, solidarity responsibility public interest, extreme individualization disregard social has gradually led corporatization local authorities various business–government coalitions. setting more likely favor business models use management spaces than discourse.

Language: Английский

Citations

263
Urban flood risk and green infrastructure: Who is exposed to risk and who benefits from investment? A case study of three U.S. Cities DOI Creative Commons
Arun Pallathadka, Jason Sauer, Heejun Chang

et al.

Landscape and Urban Planning, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 223, P. 104417 - 104417

Published: April 1, 2022

Pluvial flooding is a serious hazard in inland U.S. cities. City managers and communities are increasingly interested reducing their pluvial flood risk through the development of green infrastructure (GI) features. This research explores relationship between exposure GI placement three cities–Atlanta, Phoenix, Portland–and analyzes variation sociodemographic variables census block groups (CBG) located zones. Using Arc-Malstrøm method, we estimated areas CBGs our selected cities by relating area to density assigning one four classifications: i) managed (large area, abundant GI), ii) prepared (small iii) vulnerable scarce iv) least concern GI). Then, using historical data, examined proportionality investment over time area. We found relationships density, ethnic racial minority populations, age, educational attainment, median household incomes that indicated inequalities potential discrimination management, but also some evidence equitable appropriate management given differences risk, especially Phoenix Portland. In Atlanta, newer installation prioritized white wealthy neighborhoods where relatively higher exists (less equitable). Our classification framework may assist city distribute more equitably according equitability need.

Language: Английский

Citations

89
Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure: Drivers, effectiveness, and future needs DOI Creative Commons
Prashant Kumar, Sisay E. Debele, Soheila Khalili

et al.

The Innovation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 100588 - 100588

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating compounds the frequency intensity extreme heat events due climate change. Yet, risk can be mitigated by green-blue-grey infrastructure (GBGI), such as parks, wetlands, engineered greening, which have potential effectively reduce summer air temperatures. Despite many reviews, evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial practical recommendations for implementation are unclear. This systematic literature review synthesizes base mitigation related co-benefits, identifies knowledge gaps, proposes their maximize benefits. After screening 27,486 papers, 202 were reviewed, based 51 types categorized under 10 main divisions. Certain (green walls, street trees) been well researched capabilities. However, several other received negligible (zoological garden, golf course, estuary) or minimal (private allotment) attention. most efficient was observed in botanical gardens (5.0 ± 3.5°C), wetlands (4.9 3.2°C), green walls (4.1 4.2°C), trees (3.8 3.1°C), vegetated balconies 2.7°C). Under changing conditions (2070-2100) with consideration RCP8.5, there is a shift subtypes, either within same zone (e.g., Dfa Dfb Cfb Cfa) across zones [continental warm-summer humid] BSk [dry, cold semi-arid] Cwa [temperate] Am [tropical]). These shifts may result lower efficiency current future. Given importance multiple services, it crucial balance functionality, performance, co-benefits when planning future GBGI. inventory assist policymakers planners prioritizing effective interventions overheating, filling research promoting community resilience.

Language: Английский

Citations

79
Unprivileged groups are less served by green cooling services in major European urban areas DOI
Alby Duarte Rocha, Stenka Vulova, Michael Förster

et al.

Nature Cities, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(6), P. 424 - 435

Published: May 22, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Justice in access to urban ecosystem services: A critical review of the literature DOI
Md. Nazmul Haque, Ayyoob Sharifi

Ecosystem Services, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 67, P. 101617 - 101617

Published: March 25, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

19
Understanding the socioeconomic equity of publicly accessible greenspace distribution: The example of Sheffield, UK DOI Creative Commons
Meghann Mears, Paul Brindley, Ravi Maheswaran

et al.

Geoforum, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 103, P. 126 - 137

Published: April 26, 2019

Urban greenspace can improve the health of local residents by facilitating physical activity, psychological restoration, and social contacts, as well through amelioration environment immune system modulation. In some cases, exposure has been reported to reduce inequalities associated with deprivation. However, studies investigating socioeconomic equity distribution find conflicting results. We investigate how varies deprivation in Sheffield, UK, for three aspects (access; provision, or accessible area; population pressure, potential crowding), types (any publicly greenspace; greenspaces meeting criteria that increase likelihood providing benefits; specific provision children young people). accessibility favours people living more deprived areas, although total area provided is not proportionally greater, have a greater crowding. When looking only at high quality greenspaces, relationship far weaker, crowding remains areas. people, once again but less congestion greater. Our results are influenced historic choice locations urban parks i.e. within walking distance working class neighbourhoods. Both methodological details context key drivers whether equitable cities, increasing complexity questions being asked also increases Researchers should carefully consider which interest when designing studies. recommend planners policy makers ensure designed maintained standard meets cultural, recreational needs residents, including those belonging minorities, order provide maximal public benefits.

Language: Английский

Citations

140
The Incremental Demise of Urban Green Spaces DOI Creative Commons
Johan Colding, Åsa Gren, Stephan Barthel

et al.

Land, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 162 - 162

Published: May 20, 2020

More precise explanations are needed to better understand why public green spaces diminishing in cities, leading the loss of ecosystem services that humans receive from natural systems. This paper is devoted incremental change spaces—a fate largely undetectable by urban residents. The elucidates a set drivers resulting subtle and elaborates on consequences this for resilience planning services. Incremental changes greenspace trigger baseline shifts, where each generation tends take current condition an as normal state, disregarding its previous states. Even well-intended political land-use decisions, such privatization schemes, can cumulatively result undesirable societal outcomes, gradual opportunities nature experience. Alfred E. Kahn referred decision making ‘the tyranny small decisions.’ mirrored problems dealt with ad hoc manner no officially formulated vision long-term spatial planning. Urban common property systems could provide interim solutions local governments survive periods fiscal shortfalls. Transfer proprietor rights civil society groups enhance cities.

Language: Английский

Citations

101
The value of doing nothing – How informal green spaces can provide comparable ecosystem services to cultivated urban parks DOI
Piotr Sikorski, B J Gawryszewska, Daria Sikorska

et al.

Ecosystem Services, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50, P. 101339 - 101339

Published: July 23, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

72
Heterogeneity in the subjective well-being impact of access to urban green space DOI
Farahnaz Sharifi, Christian Nygaard, Wendy Stone

et al.

Sustainable Cities and Society, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 74, P. 103244 - 103244

Published: Aug. 11, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

57
Environmental justice implications of nature-based solutions in urban areas: A systematic review of approaches, indicators, and outcomes DOI

Jarumi Kato-Huerta,

Davide Geneletti

Environmental Science & Policy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 122 - 133

Published: Oct. 15, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

54