Recent advances in microbial and enzymatic engineering for the biodegradation of micro- and nanoplastics

RSC Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(14), P. 9943 - 9966

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This review examines the escalating issue of plastic pollution, specifically highlighting detrimental effects on environment and human health caused by microplastics nanoplastics.

Language: Английский

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Cnidarian Immunity and the Repertoire of Defense Mechanisms in Anthozoans

Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. 283 - 283

Published: Sept. 11, 2020

Anthozoa is the most specious class of phylum Cnidaria that phylogenetically basal within Metazoa. It an interesting group for studying evolution mutualisms and immunity, despite their morphological simplicity, Anthozoans are unexpectedly immunologically complex, with large genomes gene families similar to those Bilateria. Evidence indicates Anthozoan innate immune system not only involved in disruption harmful microorganisms, but also crucial structuring tissue-associated microbial communities essential components cnidarian holobiont useful animal’s health several functions including metabolism, defense, development, behavior. Here, we report on current state art immunity. Like other invertebrates, possess mechanisms based self/non-self-recognition. Although lacking adaptive they use a diverse repertoire receptor signaling pathways (PRRs) recognize broad array conserved microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMP). The intracellular cascades lead transcription up endpoints release molecules kill pathogens, defend self by maintaining homeostasis, modulate wound repair process. cells play fundamental role as display phagocytic activities secrete mucus, which acts physicochemical barrier preventing or slowing down proliferation potential invaders. Finally, describe knowledge some effectors species, toxins inflammatory response Mediterranean Anemonia viridis following injection various foreign particles differing type dimensions, pathogenetic bacteria.

Language: Английский

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The Native Microbiome is Crucial for Offspring Generation and Fitness of Aurelia aurita

mBio, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(6)

Published: Nov. 16, 2020

All multicellular organisms are associated with a diverse and specific community of microorganisms; consequently, the microbiome is fundamental importance for health fitness host. However, studies on contribution to host in their infancy, particular, less well-established hosts such as moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita . Here, we studied impact native asexual reproduction further traits (health, growth, feeding) basal metazoan due induced changes its microbiome. We observed significant all analyzed, absence protective microbial shield when challenged marine potentially pathogenic bacterial isolates. Notable identified crucial generation offspring, consequently affecting life cycle decisions. Thus, conclude that essential maintenance healthy metaorganism.

Language: Английский

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The importance of jellyfish–microbe interactions for biogeochemical cycles in the ocean

Limnology and Oceanography, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 66(5), P. 2011 - 2032

Published: April 7, 2021

Abstract Jellyfish blooms can represent a significant but largely overlooked source of organic matter (OM), in particular at the local and regional scale. We provide an overview current state knowledge on bloom‐forming jellyfish as sink OM for microorganisms. In particularly, we compare composition, concentration, release rates excreted by living with stored within biomass, which becomes available to ocean's interior only once decay. discuss how these two stoichiometrically different jelly‐OM pools might influence dynamics microbial community surrounding ecosystem. conceptualize routes ocean, focusing envisioned fates detrital jelly‐OM. this conceptual framework, revise possible interactions between microbes highlight major gaps be addressed future.

Language: Английский

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Experimental mining plumes and ocean warming trigger stress in a deep pelagic jellyfish

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

Abstract The deep pelagic ocean is increasingly subjected to human-induced environmental change. While animals provide important ecosystem functions including climate regulation, species-specific responses stressors remain poorly documented. Here, we investigate the effects of simulated warming and sediment plumes on cosmopolitan deep-sea jellyfish Periphylla periphylla , combining insights gained from physiology, gene expression changes in associated microbiota. Metabolic demand was elevated following a 4 °C rise temperature, promoting genes related innate immunity but suppressing aerobic respiration. Suspended provoked most acute energetically costly response through production excess mucus (at ≥17 mg L −1 ), while inducing respiration wound repair ≥167 ). Microbial symbionts appeared be unaffected by both stressors, with maintaining microbial community composition. If these are representative for other gelatinous fauna, an abundant component ecosystems, planned exploitation seafloor resources may impair biodiversity functioning.

Language: Английский

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Marine Pharmacology in 2019–2021: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and Other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. 309 - 309

Published: June 30, 2024

The current 2019-2021 marine pharmacology literature review provides a continuation of previous reviews covering the period 1998 to 2018.

Language: Английский

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Jellyfish summer outbreaks as bacterial vectors and potential hazards for marine animals and humans health? The case of Rhizostoma pulmo (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria)

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 692, P. 305 - 318

Published: July 19, 2019

Language: Английский

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Shark Microbiome Analysis Demonstrates Unique Microbial Communities in Two Distinct Mediterranean Sea Shark Species

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 557 - 557

Published: March 11, 2024

Our knowledge regarding the role of microbiome in fish health has been steadily increasing last decade, especially for species commercial interest. Conversely, relatively few studies focus on microbiomes wild fish, apex predators like sharks, due to lower economic interest and greater difficulty obtaining samples. Studies investigating differences between diverse anatomical locations sharks are limited, majority available focused microbial diversity present shark teeth, with aim preventing infections bites these animals or evaluating presence certain pathogens healthy diseased specimens. Here, we investigated skin, mouth, gills, cloaca five individuals two phylogenetically distant (Prionace glauca Somniosus rostratus) obtain a better understanding animals, how they change throughout different body parts, much influenced determined by ecology evolutionary relationship host microbiome. To confirm taxonomy under study, barcoded specimens sequencing mtDNA COI from biopsy their skin. Microbial based 16S rRNA gene reveals that partially overlapping inhabit parts each species, while communities distinct species. results suggest sharks’ species-specific controlled This is first study comparatively analyzing Mediterranean Sea.

Language: Английский

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Jellyfish blooms—an overlooked hotspot and potential vector for the transmission of antimicrobial resistance in marine environments

mSystems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

ABSTRACT Gelatinous zooplankton (GZ) represents an important component of marine food webs, capable generating massive blooms with severe environmental impact. When these collapse, considerable amounts organic matter (GZ-OM) either sink to the seafloor or can be introduced into ocean’s interior, promoting bacterial growth and providing a colonizable surface for microbial interactions. We hypothesized that GZ-OM is overlooked hotspot transmitting antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). To test this, we first re-analyzed metagenomes from two previous studies experimentally evolved communities in presence absence OM Aurelia aurita Mnemiopsis leidyi recovered bloom events thereafter performed additional time-resolved degradation experiments improve sample size statistical power our analysis. analyzed composition, ARG, mobile genetic element (MGE) content. Communities exposed displayed up fourfold increased relative ARG 10-fold MGE abundance per 16S rRNA gene copy compared controls. This pattern was consistent across classes independent GZ species, indicating nutrient influx surfaces drive changes. Potential carriers included genera containing potential pathogens raising concerns transfer pathogenic strains. Vibrio pinpointed as key player associated elevated ARGs MGEs. Whole-genome sequencing isolate revealed capability mobilization transfer. study establishes link between emerging issues coastal zones, jellyfish spread, both likely increasing future ocean change. Hence, are quintessential “One Health” issue where decreasing health directly impacts human health. IMPORTANCE Jellyfish are, context health, often seen mainly problematic oceanic bathing. Here demonstrate they may also play critical role hotspots transmission (AMR). employed (re-)analyses microcosm investigate how particulate collapsed blooms, specifically , significantly increase elements by one order magnitude. By abundant nutrients colonization, enhances proliferation, including mobility potentially bacteria like . Understanding this connection highlights importance monitoring part assessments developing strategies mitigate spread AMR ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Parrotfish predation drives distinct microbial communities in reef-building corals

Animal Microbiome, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2020

Abstract Background Coral-associated microbial communities are sensitive to multiple environmental and biotic stressors that can lead dysbiosis mortality. Although the processes contributing these shifts remain inadequately understood, a number of potential mechanisms have been identified. For example, predation by various corallivore species, including ecologically-important taxa such as parrotfishes, may disrupt coral microbiomes via bite-induced transmission and/or enrichment potentially opportunistic bacteria. Here, we used combination mesocosm experiments field-based observations investigate whether parrotfish corallivory alter assemblages directly identify relevant pathways (e.g. direct transmission) contribute changes. Results Our experiment demonstrated Chlorurus spilurus on Porites lobata corals resulted in 2-4x increase bacterial alpha diversity microbiome shift community composition after 48 h. These changes corresponded with greater abundance both beneficial (i.e. Oceanospirillum ) bacteria Flammeovirgaceae, Rhodobacteraceae) predated compared mechanically wounded corals. Importantly, many were detectable C. mouths, but not prior predation. When sampled bitten unbitten field, parrotfishes exhibited 3x richness towards symbionts Ruegeria opportunists Rhodospiralles, Glaciecola ). Moreover, observed 4x variability naturally vs. corals, indicator dysbiosis. Interestingly, some detected colonies, also mouths. Conclusions findings suggest represent an unrecognized route rare distinct taxa, which could impact health. More broadly, highlight how underappreciated pathways, corallivory, within reef will be critical for understanding predicting disease dynamics reefs further degrade.

Language: Английский

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