Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Renal and Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes

Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 18 - 18

Published: Dec. 30, 2020

Oxidative stress and inflammation are considered major drivers in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, including renal cardiovascular disease. A symbiotic relationship also appears to exist between oxidative inflammation. Several emerging therapies target these crucial pathways, alleviate burden aforementioned diseases. refers an imbalance reactive oxygen species (ROS) antioxidant defenses, a pathological state which not only leads direct cellular damage but inflammatory cascade that further perpetuates tissue injury. Emerging therapeutic strategies tackle pathways variety ways, from increasing defenses (antioxidants Nrf2 activators) reducing ROS production (NADPH oxidase inhibitors XO inhibitors) or inhibiting associated (NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, lipoxins, GLP-1 receptor agonists, AT-1 antagonists). This review summarizes mechanisms by contribute perpetuate diabetes disease along with provide reno protection setting diabetes.

Language: Английский

---

Managing cardiovascular events, hyperglycemia, and obesity in type 2 diabetes through microRNA regulation linked to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is usually complicated by cardiovascular diseases, hyperglycemia, and obesity, which worsen the outcome for patient. Since recent evidence underlines epigenetic role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in management these comorbidities, this study compared effects agents, namely liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, on miRNA regulation T2DM. GLP-1RAs modify expression miRNAs involved endothelial function, sugar metabolism, adipogenesis, including but not limited to miR-27b, miR-130a, miR-210. Baseline miR-15a-5p predict weight loss, while higher miR-378-3p miR-126-3p levels are related better glycemic control lower HbA1c FPG at one year post-treatment. miR-375-5p was also reported as a predictor levels. Liraglutide has protecting effect against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis downregulating miR-139-5p. The highly-expressed miR-375 islets can be considered biomarker assessing cytoprotective action β-cells. enhance responsiveness promoting GLP-1 through suppression miR-204. While dulaglutide reduce both systolic diastolic blood pressures, lixisenatide exenatide QW did reveal such an effect. long-acting exenatide-induced miR-29b-3p required protection diabetic cardiomyopathy. modulates critical regulators cell function atherosclerosis, miR-93-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-181a-5p. Eventually, exosomal miRNAs, miR-192, implicated development fibrosis inflammation T2DM micro-cardiovascular outcomes like DKD DR. Additional studies will needed elucidation relations between GLP-1RA-induced clinical-laboratory findings concerning diverse populations, gender, presence other comorbid states treated patients with

Language: Английский

---

Epigenetics, microRNA and Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(9), P. 5047 - 5047

Published: May 10, 2021

Epigenetics refers to the DNA chemistry changes that result in modification of gene transcription and translation independently underlying coding sequence. Epigenetic modifications are reported involve various molecular mechanisms, including classical epigenetic affecting methylation histone small RNA-mediated processes, particularly microRNAs. reversible closely interconnected. They recognised play a critical role as mediators regulation, any alteration these mechanisms has been identified mediate pathophysiological conditions. Moreover, genetic predisposition environmental factors, dietary alterations, lifestyle or metabolic status, interact with human epigenome, highlighting importance factors processes aetiology diseases such MetS. This review will reflect on how both microRNA-regulated associated pathophysiology syndrome. We then focus aspects epigenetic-based strategies used modify MetS outcomes, diet, drugs, epigenome editing tools miRNA-based therapies.

Language: Английский

---

Nutritional composition patterns and application of multivariate analysis to evaluate indigenous Pearl millet ((Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) germplasm

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 103, P. 104086 - 104086

Published: July 21, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Proteomics and Metabolomics Studies on the Biotic Stress Responses of Rice: an Update

Rice, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 15, 2021

Abstract Biotic stresses represent a serious threat to rice production meet global food demand and thus pose major challenge for scientists, who need understand the intricate defense mechanisms. Proteomics metabolomics studies have found changes in proteins metabolites during responses of exposed biotic stressors, also reported specific secondary (SMs) some cultivars that may vary depending on type stress time at which is imposed. The most common were seen photosynthesis modified differently by plants conserve energy, disrupt supply agent, initiate mechanisms or stressors facilitate invasion acquire nutrients, their feeding style. Studies provide evidence correlation between reactive oxygen species (ROS) photorespiration can broaden our understanding balance ROS scavenging rice-pathogen interaction. Variation generation phytohormones key response exploited pathogens own benefit. resistant susceptible upon pathogen attack helped identify related mechanisms, where choosing an appropriate method characterized novel essential, considering outcomes host-pathogen interactions. Despites limitation identifying whole repertoire responsive metabolites, shed light functions resistant-specific SMs. Lastly, we illustrate potent responsible resistance different valuable targets further investigation application.

Language: Английский

---

Communication Between Autophagy and Insulin Action: At the Crux of Insulin Action-Insulin Resistance?

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: July 15, 2021

Insulin is a paramount anabolic hormone that promotes energy-storage in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver, these responses are significantly attenuated insulin resistance leading to type 2 diabetes. Contrasting with insulin’s function, macroautophagy/autophagy physiological mechanism geared the degradation of intracellular components for purpose energy production, building-block recycling or tissue remodeling. Given both action autophagy dynamic phenomena susceptible influence nutrient availability, it perhaps not surprising there significant interaction between two major regulatory mechanisms. This review examines crosstalk action, specific focus on dysregulated as cause consequence resistance.

Language: Английский

---

Hydrophilic interaction chromatography – mass spectrometry for metabolomics and proteomics: state-of-the-art and current trends

Microchemical Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 175, P. 106986 - 106986

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Among all the –omics approaches, proteomics and metabolomics have received increased attention over last decade. Both approaches reached a certain level of maturity, showing their relevance in numerous clinical applications, including biomarkers discovery, improved diagnosis, staging, prognosis diseases, as well better knowledge on various (patho-)physiological processes. Analytically, reversed-phase liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS) is considered golden standard metabolomics, due to its ease use reproducilibity. However, RPLC-MS alone not sufficient resolve complexity proteome, while very polar metabolites are typically poorly retained. In this context, hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) represents an attractive complementary approach, orthogonal separation mechanism. This review presents overview literature reporting application HILIC-MS proteomics. For focus analysis bioactive lipids, amino acids, organic nucleotides/nucleosides, whereas for complex samples protein post-translational modifications therein using bottom-up, middle up/down intact discussed. The handles technological aspects related both paying stationary phases, mobile phase conditions, injection volume column temperature. Recent trends developments also presented discussed, highlighting advantages technique can provide addition or RPLC-MS, current limitations possible solutions.

Language: Английский

---

Anti-inflammatory effect of semaglutide: updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: July 5, 2024

Background The anti-inflammatory effect could be one of the mechanisms by which semaglutide reduces cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or obesity. Determining was objective this systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods This meta-analysis performed according to PRISMA guidelines. A literature search detect randomised clinical trials that have quantified on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared placebo or a control group (other glucose-lowering drugs). primary outcome CRP index (final CRP/basal CRP). random-effects model used. Results Thirteen were considered eligible ( n = 26,131). Overall, therapy associated lower values (SMD −0.56; 95% CI −0.69 −0.43, I 92%) −0.45; −0.68 −0.23, 82%).Such an association similarly observed when different treatment regimens (subcutaneous vs. oral) populations (patients without T2DM) analysed. sensitivity analysis showed results robust. Conclusion present demonstrated use reduction inflammation irrespective population evaluated regimen These findings would explain events. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO [CRD42024500551].

Language: Английский

---

Effect of liraglutide on expression of inflammatory genes in type 2 diabetes

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Sept. 17, 2021

Anti-inflammatory effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) treatment in T2D may contribute to the cardiovascular benefits observed with GLP-1 RAs outcome studies. We investigated if RA liraglutide exerts anti-inflammatory through modulation inflammatory gene expression peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). From 54 participants a double-blinded trial where individuals type 2 diabetes (T2D) were randomized (1.8 mg/day) or placebo for 26 weeks, sub-study was performed which PBMCs extracted from fresh at study start and end-of-treatment. The selected genes measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, (GLP1R) examined subset (n = 40) PBMC samples. human monocytic cell line THP-1 used vitro exposure experiments. tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA) (p 0.004) interleukin-1β (IL1B) downregulated 0.046) liraglutide-treated group 31), unchanged 21, p ≥ 0.11), no significant differences between two groups 0.67). interferon-γ (IFNG) cluster differentiation 163 (CD163) upregulated both ≤ 0.006) 0.47). C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) 0.002) 0.14), difference 0.36). Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM1) 0.43). GLP1R undetectable. In experiments showed effect on cells. not detectable. summary, we discrete modulatory PBMCs. lack evidence suggests that possible PBMCs' are most likely indirect. Further investigations needed establish potential RAs.

Language: Английский

---

Increased serum cholesterol and long-chain fatty acid levels are associated with the efficacy of nivolumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 71(1), P. 203 - 217

Published: June 5, 2021

Abstract Background Lipids have immunomodulatory functions and the potential to affect cancer immunity. Methods The associations of pretreatment serum cholesterol long-chain fatty acids with objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall (OS) were evaluated in 148 patients non-small cell lung who received nivolumab. Results When each lipid was separately evaluated, increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol ( P < 0.001), high-density (HDL)-cholesterol = 0.014), total 0.007), lauric acid 0.015), myristic 0.022), myristoleic 0.035), stearic 0.028), linoleic 0.005), arachidic 0.027), eicosadienoic 0.017), dihomo-γ-linolenic 0.036), behenic levels 0.032) associated longer PFS independent programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Meanwhile, LDL-cholesterol HDL-cholesterol 0.009), lignoceric 0.028) OS PD-L1 multiple lipids simultaneously, 0.003), 0.036) independently predictive PFS, 0.008) 0.031) OS. ORR not any lipid. Conclusions Based on association prolonged levels, may be useful for predicting efficacy immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

Language: Английский

---