A Review of COVID-19 Vaccines, Immunogenicity, Safety, and Efficacy Toward Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy, Inequity, and Future Epidemic Preparedness DOI Creative Commons
Sao Puth,

Vandara Loeurng

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

This chapter provides an update on COVID-19 vaccines, emphasizing their immunogenicity, safety, efficacy, and potential impact vaccine hesitancy, inequity, future epidemic preparedness. Various types, such as mRNA-based, DNA-based, viral vector, inactivated, protein subunit are explored, evaluating mechanisms advantages in eliciting robust immune responses. Safety is thoroughly assessed using clinical trials real-world data to address hesitancy concerns. Strategies for equitable distribution discussed achieve widespread coverage overcome barriers. Lessons drawn from the pandemic serve a roadmap proactive measures aimed at bolstering preparedness, highlighting critical role of global cooperation safeguarding public health worldwide.

Language: Английский

Protective interplay: Mycobacterium tuberculosis diminishes SARS-CoV-2 severity through innate immune priming DOI Creative Commons

Brittany D. Williams,

Debora Ferede,

Hazem F. M. Abdelaal

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 20, 2024

At the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic those with underlying chronic lung conditions, including tuberculosis (TB), were hypothesized to be at higher risk severe disease. However, there is inconclusive clinical and preclinical data confirm specific SARS-CoV-2 poses for millions individuals infected Mycobacterium (M.tb). We others have found that compared singly mice, mice co-infected M.tb leads reduced severity alone. Consequently, a large interest in identifying molecular mechanisms responsible infection observed co-infection. To address this, we conducted comprehensive characterization co-infection model performed mechanistic vitro modeling dynamically assess how innate immune response induced by restricts viral replication. Our study has successfully identified several cytokines induce upregulation anti-viral genes epithelial cells, thereby providing protection prior challenge SARS-CoV-2. In conclusion, our offers understanding key pathways an existing bacterial effectively activity identifies candidate therapeutic targets infection.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Natural Killer Cells in SARS-CoV-2-Vaccinated Subjects with Increased Effector Cytotoxic CD56dim Cells and Memory-Like CD57+NKG2C+CD56dim Cells DOI Creative Commons
Valentina Gentili, Daria Bortolotti, Luca Morandi

et al.

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(7)

Published: July 31, 2023

Background: The infection and negative effects of the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) virus are mitigated by vaccines. It is unknown whether vaccination has worked eliciting robust protective innate immune responses with high affinity. Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers received three doses Comirnaty (Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd.) were evaluated 9 months after second 1 month booster dose. exclusion criteria presence adverse following vaccination, a history smoking, heterologous immunization. inclusion absence prior Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 history, effects, comorbidities. Specific phenotype levels CD107a granzyme production blood NK (natural killer) cells analyzed exposure to spike antigen (Wuhan, Alpha B.1.1.7, Delta B.1.617.2, Omicron B1.1.529 variants), related anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody production. Results: dose caused early CD56dim subset activation memory-like phenotype. Conclusions: We report relevance response, especially cells, vaccines guarantee efficient protection against

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection DOI
Aida G. Gabdoulkhakova,

Rimma N. Mingaleeva,

Albina M. Romozanova

et al.

Biochemistry (Moscow), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 89(1), P. 65 - 83

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Amino Acid Metabolism in Leukocytes Showing In Vitro IgG Memory from SARS-CoV2-Infected Patients DOI Creative Commons
Giuseppina Fanelli,

Veronica Lelli,

Sara Rinalducci

et al.

Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 43 - 43

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

The immune response to infectious diseases is directly influenced by metabolic activities. COVID-19 a disease that affects the entire body and can significantly impact cellular metabolism. Recent studies have focused their analysis on potential connections between post-infection stages of SARS-CoV2 different pathways. spike S1 antigen was found in vitro IgG antibody memory for PBMCs when obtaining PBMC cultures 60–90 days post infection, significant increase S-adenosyl homocysteine, sarcosine, arginine detected mass spectrometric analysis. involvement these metabolites physiological recovery from viral infections activity well documented, they may provide new simple method better comprehend leukocytes. Moreover, there change metabolism tryptophan urea cycle pathways leukocytes with memory. With data, together results literature, it seems leukocyte reprogrammed after pathogenesis activating certain amino acid pathways, which be related protective immunity against SARS-CoV2.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Proteomic lung analysis revealed hyper-activation of neutrophil extracellular trap formation in cases of fatal COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons

Song Shu,

Liyan Zeng, Jingjing Xu

et al.

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. e31878 - e31878

Published: May 24, 2024

The molecular pathology of lung injury in patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain unclear. In this study, we performed a proteomic study tissues from seven COVID-19, and eight without. Lung parenchymal COVID-19 were obtained autopsy samples, while control samples paracancerous tissues. Proteins extracted using phenol extraction. A tandem mass tag-based quantitative approach combined bioinformatic analysis was used to detect changes the SARS-CoV-2-infected total 6,602, 6,549 proteins identified replicates 1 2, respectively. Of these, 307, 278, respectively, as differentially expressed (DEPs). total, 216 DEPs study. These enriched 189 Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) pathways. downregulated are mainly involved focal adhesion (n = 5), PI3K-Akt signaling pathway 4). upregulated related neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation 16), phagosome 11). these two pathways interact one another. Further immunohistochemistry verified NET enrichment compared controls. Our results systematically outlined profiles lung's response SARS-CoV-2 infection indicated that hyper-activated. will hopefully provide new evidence for understanding mechanism behind fatal COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Innate immune response in COVID-19: single-cell multi-omics profile of NK lymphocytes in a clinical case series DOI Creative Commons
Silvia Barbon,

Fabrizio Armellin,

Verena Passerini

et al.

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents biggest global health emergency in recent decades. The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 seems play a key role disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, with Natural Killer (NK) lymphocytes being among targets of virus-induced regulation.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Evaluation of Free Light Chains (FLCs) Synthesis in Response to Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 DOI Open Access
Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk, Anna Moniuszko‐Malinowska, Sara Pączek

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(19), P. 11589 - 11589

Published: Sept. 30, 2022

The aim of this study is to assess the synthesis kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) free light chains (FLCs) in serum patients with COVID-19. All 120 samples were collected from COVID-19 healthy controls (vaccinated non-vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2). FLCs, IgG total, IgG4, anti-Nucleocapsid (N), anti-spike S1 receptor binding domain (S-RBD) antibodies IL-6 measured according manufacturers' instructions. concentrations anti-N IgG, IgG4 elevated group comparison vaccinated controls. levels anti-S-RBD κFLC increased when compared λFLC concentration was higher than group. κ:λ ratio lower both groups correlated all tested parameters (anti-S-RBD λFLC, ratio, IL-6) except CRP, whereas examined IgG4. Elevated FLCs SARS-CoV-2 patients, as well correlation between specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IL-6, reflect hyperactivation immune system after contact coronavirus. Furthermore, it seems that might be used predictive markers Our findings suggest are involved infection. However, understanding exact mechanism requires further investigation.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
COVID-19: Perspectives on innate immune evasion DOI
Alaa A. A. Aljabali, Mohamed El‐Tanani, Debmalya Barh

et al.

Progress in molecular biology and translational science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Comparative Analysis of Nucleocapsid Antibody Levels, Neutralizing Antibodies, and Spike Receptor-binding Domain in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Patients DOI Creative Commons
Rinta Prasetiyanti, Munawaroh Fitriah, Yufi Aulia Azmi

et al.

Biomolecular and Health Science Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 17 - 22

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

A BSTRACT Introduction: Serological testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial detecting antibodies generated in response to infection. Neutralizing (NAbs) target the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike protein (S-RBD) and can exist forms immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, IgA. This study aimed assess specific antibody responses nucleocapsid (N), S-RBD, NAbs correlate them with clinical spectrum coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: cross-sectional design was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Indonesia. We examined 48 patients confirmed COVID-19 varying severity (mild, moderate, severe, critical) on treatment days 0, 3, 6. measured antibodies, neutralization using chemiluminescence immunoassay method. The comparative analysis IgG, NAB, S-RBD levels adjudicated independent t -test. Results: Specific 6 showed significant differences ( P < 0.05). Notably, were observed comparisons such as recovery versus death groups day 0 mild 3 moderate recovery, death, well anti-S-RBD, SARS-CoV-2 Conclusions: These findings highlight dynamic during their relevance outcomes.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection DOI
Aida G. Gabdoulkhakova,

Rimma N. Mingaleeva,

Albina M. Romozanova

et al.

Биохимия, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 89(1), P. 74 - 93

Published: July 31, 2024

According to WHO data, about 800 million of the world population had contracted a coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 mid-2023. The properties this virus allowed it circulate in human for long time, evolving defense mechanisms against host immune system. severity disease depends largely on degree activation systemic response, including overstimulation macrophages and monocytes, cytokine production, triggering adaptive T- B-cell responses while evading from system action. In review we discussed triggered response entry into cell malfunctions leading development severe disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

0