Probiotics Mechanism of Action on Immune Cells and Beneficial Effects on Human Health

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 184 - 184

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Immune cells and commensal microbes in the human intestine constantly communicate with react to each other a stable environment order maintain healthy immune activities. system-microbiota cross-talk relies on complex network of pathways that sustain balance between tolerance immunogenicity. Probiotic bacteria can interact stimulate intestinal microflora modulate specific functions homeostasis. Growing evidence shows probiotic present important health-promoting immunomodulatory properties. Thus, use probiotics might represent promising approach for improving system So far, few studies have been reported beneficial modulatory effect probiotics. However, many others, which are mainly focused their metabolic/nutritional properties, published. Therefore, mechanisms behind interaction host only partially described. The review aims collect summarize most recent scientific results resulting implications how improve functions. Hence, description currently known is provided.

Language: Английский

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Regulatory mechanisms of circular RNAs during human mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 143 - 158

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

Human osteogenic differentiation is a complex and well-orchestrated process which involves plethora of molecular players cellular processes.A growing number studies have underlined that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important regulatory role during human differentiation.CircRNAs are single-stranded, covalently closed non-coding RNA molecules acquiring increased attention as epigenetic regulators gene expression.Given their intrinsic high conformational stability, abundance, specificity, circRNAs can undertake various biological activities in order to regulate multiple processes, including differentiation.The most recent evidence indicates control osteogenesis by preventing the inhibitory activity miRNAs on downstream target genes, using competitive endogenous mechanism.The aim this review draw currently known mechanisms differentiation.Specifically, we provide understanding advances research conducted mesenchymal stem cell types importance regulating osteogenesis.A comprehensive underlying circRNA will improve knowledge processes bone growth, resulting potential development novel preclinical clinical discovery diagnostic therapeutic tools for disorders.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal barrier dysfunction as a key driver of severe COVID-19

World Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 68 - 90

Published: March 21, 2023

The intestinal lumen harbors a diverse consortium of microorganisms that participate in reciprocal crosstalk with immune cells and epithelial endothelial cells, forming multi-layered barrier enables the efficient absorption nutrients without an excessive influx pathogens. Despite being lung-centered disease, severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects multiple systems, including gastrointestinal tract pertinent gut function. Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can inflict either direct cytopathic injury to or indirect immune-mediated damage. Alternatively, SARS-CoV-2 undermines structural integrity by modifying expression tight junction proteins. In addition, induces profound alterations microflora at phylogenetic metabolomic levels (dysbiosis) are accompanied disruption local responses. ensuing dysregulation gut-lung axis impairs ability system elicit robust timely responses restrict viral infection. vasculature is vulnerable SARS-CoV-2-induced injury, which simultaneously triggers activation innate coagulation condition referred as "immunothrombosis" drives thrombotic complications. Finally, increased permeability allows aberrant dissemination bacteria, fungi, endotoxin into systemic circulation contributes, certain degree, over-exuberant hyper-inflammation dictate form COVID-19. this review, we aim elucidate SARS-CoV-2-mediated effects on homeostasis their implications progression disease.

Language: Английский

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Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Subvariants: Challenges and Opportunities in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic

Environmental Health Insights, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has become the most devastating of 21st century since its appearance in December 2019. Like other RNA viruses, continuous mutation is common for coronavirus to create several variants and subvariants. main reason behind this evolvement SARS-CoV-2 was structural spike (S) glycoprotein. Coronavirus a threat global public health due high capability antibody neutralizing capacity. According World Health Organization (WHO), there are 5 major concern (VOC) Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), Omicron (B.1.1.529). Recently, different subvariants have gained worldwide dominance, such as BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, BA.5. However, discernible drop symptomatic sickness globally success numerous monoclonal antibodies vaccinations. Here we also discussed currently dominant effectiveness antiviral agents vaccines. Based on available data our knowledge, can suggest that healthcare organizations decide declaration end phase soon; however, covid-19 will continue.

Language: Английский

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A Retrospective Assessment of Sputum Samples and Antimicrobial Resistance in COVID-19 Patients

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 620 - 620

Published: April 19, 2023

Data on bacterial or fungal pathogens and their impact the mortality rates of Western Romanian COVID-19 patients are scarce. As a result, purpose this research was to determine prevalence co- superinfections in adults with COVID-19, hospitalized in-ward settings during second half pandemic, its distribution according sociodemographic clinical conditions. The unicentric retrospective observational study conducted 407 eligible patients. Expectorate sputum selected as sampling technique followed by routine microbiological investigations. A total 31.5% samples tested positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 26.2% having co-infections Klebsiella pneumoniae among admitted COVID-19. third most common Pathogenic bacteria identified Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii 9.3% samples. Commensal human caused respiratory infections 67 patients, prevalent being Streptococcus penumoniae, methicillin-sensitive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 53.4% Candida spp., 41.1% Aspergillus spp. growth. three groups microbial growth cultures had an equally proportional ICU, average 30%, compared only 17.3% negative (p = 0.003). More than 80% all showed multidrug resistance. high mandates strict effective antimicrobial stewardship infection control policies.

Language: Английский

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Distinct Conformations of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Spike Protein and Its Interaction with ACE2 and Antibody

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3774 - 3774

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Since November 2021, Omicron has been the dominant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant that causes disease 2019 (COVID-19) and continuously impacted human health. sublineages are still increasing cause increased transmission infection rates. The additional 15 mutations on receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike proteins change protein conformation, enabling to evade neutralizing antibodies. For this reason, many efforts have made design new antigenic variants induce effective antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development. However, understanding different states with without external molecules not yet addressed. In review, we analyze structures presence absence angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) Compared previously determined for wildtype other such as alpha, beta, delta, gamma, adopts a partially open form. open-form one RBD up is dominant, followed by two up, closed-form down. It suggested competition between ACE2 induces interactions adjacent RBDs protein, which lead form protein. comprehensive structural information could be helpful efficient vaccines against variant.

Language: Английский

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Special Issue: Advances in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 1048 - 1048

Published: April 17, 2023

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus which was first reported in late China, from where it then spread worldwide [...].

Language: Английский

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Interleukin-35 mRNA therapy for influenza virus-induced pneumonia in mice

European Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 177366 - 177366

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the IgG Idiotype Network Through Proteomic Analysis of Potential Targets in SARS‐CoV‐2‐Induced Immune Responses

Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 12, 2025

ABSTRACT The association between COVID‐19 and autoimmune diseases has gained increasing recognition, yet the specific targets of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced IgG are currently in focus for several studies. This study aims to explore proteomic these antibodies their potential role autoimmunity. We utilised a human proteome microarray encompassing 23 736 unique proteins, including isoform variants fragments, as catalogued by Human Protein Atlas. Serum samples were analysed from four groups: healthy controls (N‐exp HC), individuals vaccinated with protein‐based vaccines (N‐Cov Vac) patients moderate or severe (COVID‐Mod COVID‐Sev). evaluation revealed recognise multiple proteins. Key included interferon alpha (IFN‐α), tumour growth factor beta (TGF‐β), interleukin 1 (IL‐1), CXCL16, TGF‐β receptors, CD34, CD47 BCL2. also targeted proteins genes overexpressed various immune cells, such CD4+ CD8+ T γδ B dendritic cells NK cells. Reactivity was observed specifically expressed organs, brain, liver, lungs heart. Targeting patterns differed controls, some showing differential recognition versus cases. Furthermore, we evaluated protein–protein interaction network (PPIN) all minimal structural homology co‐expression among almost no relation SARS‐CoV‐2 system reactome. results suggest that profile autoantibodies is associated disease severity. In contrast, protein‐vaccinated exhibited similar non‐exposed suggesting autoreactive linked active infection. These findings reveal complex idiotypes capable targeting not merely through simple cross‐recognition homologous highlights need further investigations determine whether they may influence pathophysiology its clinical outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Presepsin levels and COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 993 - 1002

Published: Nov. 15, 2022

Plasmatic presepsin (PSP) is a novel biomarker reported to be useful for sepsis diagnosis and prognosis. During the pandemic, only few studies highlighted possible correlation between PSP COVID-19 severity, but results remain inconsistent. The present study aims establish severity. English-language papers assessing from MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, MeSH, LitCovid NLM, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus World Health Organization (WHO) website, published January 2020 were considered with no publication date limitations. Two independent reviewers performed data abstraction quality assessment, one reviewer resolved inconsistencies. protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022325971).Fifteen articles met our eligibility criteria. aggregate population included 1373 patients who had undergone assessment. random-effect meta-analysis in 7 out of 15 selected studies, considering those reporting mean levels low- high-severity cases (n = 707).The showed that pooled difference high- low-severity 441.70 pg/ml (95%CI: 150.40-732.99 pg/ml).Our show promising can express

Language: Английский

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