An Overview of the Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1920 - 1920

Published: Sept. 21, 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), frequently considered a major global public health threat, requires comprehensive understanding of its emergence, mechanisms, advances, and implications. AMR’s epidemiological landscape is characterized by widespread prevalence constantly evolving patterns, with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) creating new challenges every day. The most common mechanisms underlying AMR (i.e., genetic mutations, horizontal gene transfer, selective pressure) contribute to the emergence dissemination resistant strains. Therefore, mitigation strategies (e.g., antibiotic stewardship programs—ASPs—and infection prevention control strategies—IPCs) emphasize importance responsible antimicrobial use surveillance. A One Health approach interconnectedness human, animal, environmental health) highlights necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration holistic in combating AMR. Advancements novel therapeutics alternative agents vaccines) offer promising avenues addressing challenges. Policy interventions at international national levels also promote ASPs aiming regulate use. Despite all observed progress, remains pressing concern, demanding sustained efforts address emerging threats sustainability. Future research must prioritize innovative approaches complex socioecological dynamics This manuscript resource researchers, policymakers, healthcare professionals seeking navigate develop effective mitigation.

Language: Английский

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Optimizing the production and efficacy of antimicrobial bioactive compounds from Streptomyces kanamyceticus in combating multi-drug-resistant pathogens

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

The rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has intensified the search for novel antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to isolate Streptomyces kanamyceticus from local soil samples and evaluate its properties, along with optimizing production bioactive compounds. Soil were collected regions, processed, analysed strains isolation using morphological characteristics molecular identification through 16S rRNA gene PCR assay. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans double-layer method, while Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values determined. extracted compounds underwent Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis functional group identification. Optimization compound performed a Central Composite Design (CCD) coupled Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR). A total 25 distinct isolated, seven confirmed as S. kanamyceticus. These exhibited activity, inhibition zones reaching 30 mm MIC between 20 70 µg/mL. extraction yielded 150-200 mL studies revealed that medium containing 10 g/L glucose glycine max meal maximized antibiotic production. is promising source antibiotics. combination microbial isolation, testing, statistical optimization successfully enhanced compounds, contributing effective agents resistant pathogens.

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive genomic insights into a highly pathogenic clone ST656 of mcr8.1 containing multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from Bangladesh

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of specific serogroups, antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from clinical cases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 194, P. 106843 - 106843

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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Genome drafting of nosocomial infection CRE Klebsiella pneumoniae confirming resistance to colistin and eravacycline, carrying blaNDM-1, mcr-1, and blaKPC-2, in neonatology from November to December 2023

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Background Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a critical pathogen in healthcare settings, associated with high mortality due to its extensive antibiotic resistance. In this study, we report an outbreak of CRKP neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) within 200-bed tertiary hospital. The main goal study was characterize the phenotypic and genomic profiles isolates involved gain insights into their resistance mechanisms transmission dynamics NICU. Methods conducted between November December 2023 5-bed Monthly surveillance cultures were performed monitor colonization infection multidrug-resistant organisms. obtained from blood nasal swabs affected neonates. Identification antimicrobial susceptibility testing initially using Vitek ® 2 system N-395 card further confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) (AMR) profiling identify genes virulence factors. For genetic analysis, both Illumina short-read Nanopore long-read used, followed hybrid assembly for enhanced genome resolution. Plasmid gene determined AMRFinder PlasmidFinder databases. Results A total three (designated Kp1, Kp2, Kp3) identified. Kp1 Kp2 belonged sequence type (ST) ST23 genetically near-identical, differing single allele, while Kp3 distinct type, ST2096, 245 allelic differences Kp2. All resistant colistin carried genes, including mcr-1 bla NDM-1, KPC2 confirming carbapenem Efflux pump aminoglycoside also detected, providing multifaceted defence against antibiotics. analysis identified several incompatibility groups (IncFI, IncHI, IncFIB, IncX), indicating potential horizontal transfer determinants. Conclusion This highlights complexity outbreaks care, exhibiting that complicate treatment. plasmid suggest these strains are reservoirs emphasizing need strict control ongoing surveillance. challenges increase risk treatment failures mortality, underscoring importance prevention novel therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Protease-Resistant, Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Peptides with High Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 242 - 242

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a diverse group of small, naturally occurring molecules that orchestrate the innate immune response various organisms, from microorganisms to humans. Characterized by their broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses, AMPs increasingly recognized for potential as novel therapeutic agents in face rising antibiotic resistance. Here, we present several newly designed AMPs, one which, DTN6, exerts significant organisms with MIC values low 0.5 µg/mL. The D-TN6 peptide influences both bacteria yeasts. Scanning electron microscopy transmission results showed bacterial membrane is affected D-TN6, which resistant proteases effective antibiotic-resistant pathogens hemolytic toxicity. vivo standard S. aureus strains wounds. Thus, potent candidate broad spectrum activity. Overall, promising tool development next-generation antimicrobial could mitigate global health threats posed multidrug-resistant pathogens.

Language: Английский

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Two-Component System Sensor Kinase Inhibitors Target the ATP-Lid of PmrB to Disrupt Colistin Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii

Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 8, 2025

Two-component systems serve as ubiquitous communication modules that enable bacteria to detect and respond various stimuli by regulating cellular processes such growth, viability, and, most notably, antimicrobial resistance. Classical two-component consist of two proteins: an initial membrane-bound sensor histidine kinase a DNA-binding response regulator induces the appropriate within cell. Numerous studies have implicated PmrAB system in facilitating resistance last-resort antibiotic polymyxin E (colistin) Acinetobacter baumannii. As initiators signaling pathways elicit resistance, kinases present ideal targets for developing adjuvant drugs. Despite this, due nature PmrB, vitro on been predominantly limited PmrA. In this work, we counter these limitations producing recombinant truncation cytosolic portion PmrB (PmrBc) retains its ATP binding, autophosphorylation, phosphotransfer functions. Subsequently, vivo phosphorylation assays using protein construct allowed evaluation five compounds (IMD-0354, NDM-265, NDM-455, NDM-463, NDM-497) act PmrBc inhibitors capable preventing autophosphorylation independently. These shown eliminate colistin vivo. Finally, results, paired with mass spectrometry proteolysis investigations, enabled us determine mechanism action well their likely binding site ATP-lid PmrB.

Language: Английский

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Synthesized Bis-Triphenyl Phosphonium-Based Nano Vesicles Have Potent and Selective Antibacterial Effects on Several Clinically Relevant Superbugs

Published: July 11, 2024

The increasing emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens, due to antibiotics misuse, translates in obstinate infections, with high morbidity and high-cost hospitalizations. To oppose these MDR superbugs, new antimicrobial options are necessary. Although both quaternary ammonium (QASs) phosphonium salts (QPSs) possess effects, QPSs have been studied at lesser extent. Recently, we successfully reported on the bacteriostatic cytotoxic effects a triphenyl salt against isolates Enterococcus Staphylococcus genus. Here, aiming finding antibacterial devices possibly bactericidal towards broader spectrum clinically relevant bacteria, responsible for severe human synthesized water-soluble, sterically hindered (BPPB). It encompasses two groups linked by C12 alkyl chain, thus embodying characteristics molecules known as bola-amphiphiles. BPPB was characterized ATR-FTIR, NMR UV spectroscopy, FIA-MS (ESI), elemental analysis potentiometric titrations. Optical DLS analyses evidenced tendency self-forming spherical vesicles solution (45 nm DLS), having positive zeta potential (+18 mV). were first time assessed fifty clinical Gram-positive Gram-negative species. Excellent observed all strains tested, involving most worrying species included ESKAPE bacteria. lowest MICs 0.250 µg/mL, while highest ones (32 µg/mL) metallo-β-lactamase-producing bacteria and/or also colistin, carbapenems, cefiderocol, so that intractable current available antibiotics. Moreover, when administered HepG2 hepatic Cos-7 monkey kidney cell lines, showed selectivity indices > 10 isolated superbugs such those E. coli species, being very promising be developed.

Language: Английский

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Aeromonas dhakensis: A Zoonotic Bacterium of Increasing Importance in Aquaculture

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 465 - 465

Published: May 31, 2024

Aeromonas dhakensis is increasingly recognised to be an important pathogen responsible for disease losses in warm-water aquaculture and, similar several other species, it can infect humans. Knowledge of A. accumulating, but this species remains relatively under-investigated compared its close relative, hydrophila. The significance may have been overlooked events aquatic animals due issues with reliable identification. Critical appreciating the importance application dependable molecular tools that enable accurate identification and discrimination from hydrophila motile aeromonads. This review aims synthesise key literature on dhakensis, particularly relevance aquaculture, including knowledge bacterium derived case studies hosts. Identification methods strain phylogeny are discussed, detection prompt diagnosis distinguishing strains heightened virulence. Increasing evidence suggests more virulent than correct required determine zoonotic risks posed, which includes concerns antibiotic-resistant strains. provides impetus improve future screen collections presumptive spp. retrospectively reveal true prevalence impact environment, healthcare settings.

Language: Английский

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Overview of Antimicrobial Resistant ESKAPEE Pathogens in Food Sources and Their Implications from a One Health Perspective

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 2084 - 2084

Published: Oct. 18, 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing societal burden worldwide, with ESKAPEE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species and Escherichia coli) pathogens overwhelming the healthcare sectors more recently becoming predominantly a concern for their persistence in food industries, including agricultural settings animal husbandry environments. The aim of this review to explore mechanisms by which group gained its multidrug profiles, analyse occurrence different foods other related reservoirs, water, address current challenges due spread within production chain. Moreover, repertoire surveillance programmes available focused on monitoring occurrence, common reservoirs antimicrobial are described paper. Evidence from literature suggests that restricting our scope relation healthcare-associated facilities might actually impede unveiling actual issues these can exhibit, example, food-related reservoirs. Furthermore, addresses need public campaigns aimed at addressing challenge, must be considered fight against shown sectors.

Language: Английский

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