Role of Insect Gut Microbiota in Pesticide Degradation: A Review

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 3, 2022

Insect pests cause significant agricultural and economic losses to crops worldwide due their destructive activities. Pesticides are designed be poisonous intentionally released into the environment combat menace caused by these noxious pests. To survive, insects can resist toxic substances introduced humans in form of pesticides. According recent findings, microbes that live insect as symbionts have recently been found protect hosts against toxins. Symbioses formed between various microbes, a defensive mechanism pathogens Insects’ guts provide unique conditions for microbial colonization, resident bacteria deliver numerous benefits hosts. Insects vary significantly reliance on gut basic functions. digestive tracts very different shape chemical properties, which big impact structure composition community. microbiota has contribute feeding, parasite pathogen protection, immune response modulation, pesticide breakdown. The current review will examine roles detoxification mechanisms behind development resistance better understand detoxifying agriculturally pest insects, we provided comprehensive information regarding role

Language: Английский

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Microbiota in disease-transmitting vectors

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(9), P. 604 - 618

Published: May 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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Overview of paratransgenesis as a strategy to control pathogen transmission by insect vectors

Parasites & Vectors, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 31, 2022

Abstract This article presents an overview of paratransgenesis as a strategy to control pathogen transmission by insect vectors. It first briefly summarises some the disease-causing pathogens vectored insects and emphasises need for innovative methods counter threat resistance both vector pesticides therapeutic drugs. Subsequently, state art is described, which particularly ingenious method currently under development in many important that could provide additional powerful tool use integrated pest programmes. The requirements recent advances technique are detailed given microorganisms selected genetic modification, effector molecules be expressed environmental spread transgenic bacteria into wild populations. results experimental models developed with triatomines, mosquitoes, sandflies tsetse flies analysed. Finally, regulatory safety rules satisfied successful release genetically engineered organisms produced considered. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Involvement of Microbiota in Insect Physiology: Focus on B Vitamins

mBio, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

Insects are highly successful in colonizing a wide spectrum of ecological niches and feeding on diversity diets. This is notably linked to their capacity get from microbiota any essential component lacking the diet such as vitamins amino acids. Over century research based dietary analysis, antimicrobial treatment, gnotobiotic rearing, culture-independent microbe detection progressively generated wealth information about role specific aspects insect fitness. Thanks recent increase sequencing capacities, whole-genome number symbionts has facilitated tracing biosynthesis pathways, validation experimental data evolutionary analyses. field considerable set hosts harboring or nonspecific members. Here, we review current knowledge involvement tick nutrition, with particular focus B vitamin provision. We specifically question if there specificity provision by compared redundant yet contribution microbes. successively highlight known microbial during three main life stages invertebrates: postembryonic development, adulthood, reproduction.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Changes in the Microbiota of Aedes albopictus: Comparison Among Breeding Site Water, Larvae, and Adults

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 28, 2021

The mosquito body hosts highly diverse microbes, which influence different physiological traits of both larvae and adults. composition adult microbiota is tightly linked to that larvae, are aquatic feed on organic detritus, algae prokaryotic microorganisms present in their breeding sites. Unraveling the ecological features larval habitats shape structure bacterial communities interactions with host still a poorly investigated topic Asian tiger Aedes albopictus , invasive species vector numerous arboviruses, including Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika viruses. In this study, we community water from natural site separately reared wild-collected hatched eggs Foshan reference laboratory strain. Using sequence analysis 16S rRNA gene amplicons, comparatively analyzed mosquitoes, deriving information about relative impact shaping microbiota. We observed higher diversity than or adults, irrespective origin sample. Moreover, displayed significantly most diversified microbial newly emerged appeared be dominated by Proteobacteria. increased its over time, suggesting presence dynamic interaction among communities, sites hosts. Wolbachia prevalence adults five additional strains geographic origins confirmed described pattern dual w AlbA AlbB strain infection. However, differences were detected, one La Reunion Island showing up 18% uninfected individuals. These findings contribute further understanding between ecology microbiota, as well providing patterns

Language: Английский

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Vector microbiota manipulation by host antibodies: the forgotten strategy to develop transmission-blocking vaccines

Parasites & Vectors, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Abstract Human and animal pathogens that are transmitted by arthropods a global concern, particularly those vectored ticks (e.g. Borrelia burgdorferi tick-borne encephalitis virus) mosquitoes malaria dengue virus). Breaking the circulation of in permanent foci controlling vectors using acaricide-based approaches is threatened selection acaricide resistance vector populations, poor management practices relaxing control measures. Alternative strategies can reduce populations and/or vector-mediated transmission encouraged worldwide. In recent years, it has become clear arthropod-associated microbiota involved many aspects host physiology competence, prompting research into manipulation. Here, we review how increased knowledge microbial ecology vector-host interactions driving emergence new concepts tools for pathogen control. We focus on immune functions antibodies taken blood meal as they target bacteria within hematophagous arthropods. Anti-microbiota vaccines presented tool to manipulate interfere with development their vectors. Since importance some bacterial taxa colonization vector-borne well known, disruption opens possibility develop novel transmission-blocking vaccines.

Language: Английский

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The Symbiotic Continuum Within Ticks: Opportunities for Disease Control

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 17, 2022

Among blood-sucking arthropods, ticks are recognized as being of prime global importance because their role vectors pathogens affecting human and animal health. Ticks carry a variety pathogenic, commensal, symbiotic microorganisms. For the latter, studies available concerning detection endosymbionts, but in physiology ecology remains largely unexplored. This review paper focuses on tick endosymbionts genera Coxiella , Rickettsia Francisella Midichloria Wolbachia impact tick-pathogen interactions that drive disease risk. Tick can affect by influencing nutritional adaptation, fitness, immunity. Further, symbionts may influence ecology, they interact with tick-borne facilitate or compete pathogen development within vector tissues. Rickettsial frequently found Ixodes, Amblyomma Dermacentor relatively lower occurrence Rhipicephalus, Haemaphysalis Hyalomma ticks, while -like (CLEs) were reported infecting almost all species tested. (FLEs) have been identified such Dermacentor, Amblyomma, Ornithodoros, Ixodes whereas sp. has detected Rhipicephalus genera. Notably, CLEs FLEs obligate essential for survival through life cycle. American dog showed greater motility when infected indirectly infection risk, providing evidence relationship between tick-vectored pathogens. The widespread across phylogeny functional roles interference suggests significant contribution to evolution and/or competence. We currently understand little how these parasitism, capacity, transmission colonization, ultimately dynamics. Filling this knowledge gap represents major challenge future research.

Language: Английский

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What Do You Need to Know before Studying Chagas Disease? A Beginner’s Guide

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. 360 - 360

Published: July 10, 2023

Chagas disease is one of the most important tropical infections in world and mainly affects poor people. The causative agent hemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which circulates among insect vectors mammals throughout Americas. A large body research on has shown complexity this zoonosis, controlling it remains a challenge for public health systems. Although knowledge advanced greatly, there are still many gaps, necessary to continue generating basic applied create more effective control strategies. aim review provide up-to-date information components highlight current trends research. We hope that will be starting point beginners facilitate search specific information.

Language: Английский

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Interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi, Triatomines and the Microbiota of the Vectors—A Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 855 - 855

Published: April 25, 2024

This review summarizes the interactions between Trypanosoma cruzi, etiologic agent of Chagas disease, its vectors, triatomines, and diverse intestinal microbiota which includes mutualistic symbionts, highlights open questions. T. cruzi strains show great biological heterogeneity in their development interactions. Triatomines differ from other important vectors diseases ontogeny enzymes used to digest blood. Many different bacteria colonize tract but only Actinomycetales have been identified as symbionts. Effects vector on are indicated by differences ability establish triatomines colonization peculiarities, i.e., proliferation mainly posterior midgut rectum preferential transformation into infectious metacyclic trypomastigotes rectum. In addition, certain forms develop after feeding during starvation triatomines. Negative effects triatomine appear be particularly evident when stressed depend strain. immunity induced ingested blood-stage affect populations many non-symbiotic bacteria, not all After knockdown antimicrobial peptides, number increases decreases. Presumably, long-term infections, is suppressed, supports growth specific depending strain cruzi. These may provide an approach disrupt transmission.

Language: Английский

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An Update on the Knowledge of Parasite–Vector Interactions of Chagas Disease

Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: Volume 12, P. 63 - 76

Published: May 1, 2021

This review focusses on the interactions between etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, and its triatomine vector. The flagellate mainly colonizes intestinal tract insect. effect triatomines trypanosomes is indicated by susceptibility refractoriness phenomena that vary according to combination strains. Other effects are apparent in different regions gut. In stomach, majority ingested blood trypomastigotes killed while remaining transform round stages. small intestine, these develop into epimastigotes, main replicative stage. rectum, population density highest where infectious stage develops, metacyclic trypomastigote. all gut, starvation feeding affect T. cruzi. intestine reduces more spheromastigotes develop. after short-term induces metacyclogenesis long-term development specific cells, containing several nuclei, kinetoplasts flagella. When considering cruzi triatomines, seems be low pathogenicity. However, during stressful periods, which normal natural populations, occur often behaviour, eg, readiness approach host, period time before defecation, dispersal aggregation. nymphs, duration instars mortality rates increase, but this induced repeated infections or quality infected hosts. Starvation resistance reduced infection. Longevity reproduction adults reduced, only infection with some strains Only components surface coat induce an immune reaction. act against gut bacteria favours

Language: Английский

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