Stem cell-based therapy for human diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Aug. 6, 2022

Abstract Recent advancements in stem cell technology open a new door for patients suffering from diseases and disorders that have yet to be treated. Stem cell-based therapy, including human pluripotent cells (hPSCs) multipotent mesenchymal (MSCs), has recently emerged as key player regenerative medicine. hPSCs are defined self-renewable types conferring the ability differentiate into various cellular phenotypes of body, three germ layers. MSCs progenitor possessing self-renewal (limited vitro) differentiation potential lineages, according International Society Cell Gene Therapy (ISCT). This review provides an update on recent clinical applications using either or derived bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), umbilical cord (UC) treatment diseases, neurological disorders, pulmonary dysfunctions, metabolic/endocrine-related reproductive skin burns, cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, we discuss our own trial experiences targeted therapies setting, propose MSC origin concept how may contribute role downstream applications, with ultimate objective facilitating translational research medicine applications. The mechanisms discussed here support proposed hypothesis BM-MSCs potentially good candidates brain spinal injury treatment, AT-MSCs disorder regeneration, UC-MSCs disease acute respiratory distress syndrome treatment.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Targets in Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Complications

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(18)

Published: July 28, 2021

Abstract Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic, chronic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose levels. Although large drug portfolio exists to keep the levels under control, these medications are not without side effects. More importantly, once diagnosed rarely reversible. Dysfunctions in kidney, retina, cardiovascular system, neurons, liver represent common complications of diabetes, which again lack effective therapies that can reverse organ injury. Overall, molecular mechanisms how type develops leads irreparable damage remain elusive. This review particularly focuses on novel targets may play role pathogenesis diabetes. Further research eventually pave way for treatment—or even prevention—of along with its complications.

Language: Английский

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Diabetes mellitus: Classification, mediators, and complications; A gate to identify potential targets for the development of new effective treatments

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 168, P. 115734 - 115734

Published: Oct. 17, 2023

Nowadays, diabetes mellitus has emerged as a significant global public health concern with remarkable increase in its prevalence. This review article focuses on the definition of and classification into different types, including type 1 (idiopathic fulminant), 2 diabetes, gestational hybrid forms, slowly evolving immune-mediated ketosis-prone other special types. Diagnostic criteria for are also discussed. The role inflammation both is explored, along mediators potential anti-inflammatory treatments. Furthermore, involvement various organs highlighted, such adipose tissue obesity, gut microbiota, pancreatic β-cells. manifestation Langerhans β-cell islet inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired insulin production secretion addressed. Additionally, impact liver cirrhosis, acute kidney injury, immune system complications, diabetic complications like retinopathy neuropathy examined. Therefore, further research required to enhance diagnosis, prevent chronic identify therapeutic targets management associated dysfunctions.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Chronic Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(8), P. 3923 - 3923

Published: April 10, 2021

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine–metabolic disorder affecting a vast population worldwide; it linked with anovulation, mitochondrial dysfunctions and hormonal disbalance. Mutations in mtDNA have been identified PCOS patients likely play an important role aetiology pathogenesis; however, their causative development requires further investigation. As low-grade chronic inflammation disease, permanently elevated levels of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18). In this review, we summarise recent data regarding mutations malfunctions pathogenesis. Furthermore, discuss papers dedicated to identification novel biomarkers for early diagnosis. Finally, traditional new mitochondria-targeted treatments are discussed. This review intends emphasise key oxidative stress exact molecular mechanism mostly unknown

Language: Английский

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Estrogens in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity-Related Dysfunction

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 690 - 690

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Menopause-related decline in estrogen levels is accompanied by a change adipose tissue distribution from gynoid to an android and increased prevalence of obesity women. These unfavorable phenomena can be partially restored hormone replacement therapy, suggesting significant role for the regulation adipocytes’ function. Indeed, preclinical studies proved involvement these hormones development, metabolism, inflammatory activity. However, relationship between bidirectional. On one hand-their deficiency leads excessive fat accumulation impairs adipocyte function, on other-adipose obese individuals characterized altered expression receptors key enzymes involved their synthesis. This narrative review aims summarize physiology, obesity-related dysfunction. Firstly, classification, synthesis, modes action are presented. Next, regulating adipogenesis activity health course described. Finally, potential therapeutic applications its derivates treatment discussed.

Language: Английский

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The Current and Potential Therapeutic Use of Metformin—The Good Old Drug

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 122 - 122

Published: Feb. 5, 2021

Metformin, one of the oldest oral antidiabetic agents and still recommended by almost all current guidelines as first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has become medication with steadily increasing potential therapeutic indications. A broad spectrum experimental clinical studies showed that metformin a pleiotropic activity favorable effect in different pathological conditions, including prediabetes, 1 (T1DM) gestational (GDM). Moreover, there are numerous studies, meta-analyses population indicating is safe well tolerated may be associated cardioprotective nephroprotective effect. Recently, it also been reported some but not all, metformin, besides improvement glucose homeostasis, possibly reduce risk cancer development, inhibit incidence neurodegenerative disease prolong lifespan. This paper presents arguments supporting initiation patients newly diagnosed T2DM, especially those without cardiovascular factors or established advanced kidney insufficiency at time new favoring drugs pleotropic effects complimentary to control. focuses on beneficial T2DM coexisting chronic diseases.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress, Endothelial Dysfunction, and N-Acetylcysteine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(16-18), P. 968 - 989

Published: March 18, 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Endothelial dysfunction is closely associated with development progression CVDs. Patients diabetes mellitus (DM) especially type 2 DM (T2DM) exhibit a significant endothelial cell (EC) substantially increased risk for

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Pathophysiology of Long COVID: The Central Role of Low-Grade Inflammation and Multisystem Involvement

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(12), P. 6389 - 6389

Published: June 9, 2024

Long COVID (LC), also referred to as Post COVID-19 Condition, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), and other terms, represents a complex multisystem disease persisting after the acute phase COVID-19. Characterized by myriad symptoms across different organ systems, LC presents significant diagnostic management challenges. Central disorder is role low-grade inflammation, non-classical inflammatory response that contributes chronicity diversity observed. This review explores pathophysiological underpinnings LC, emphasizing importance inflammation core component. By delineating pathogenetic relationships clinical manifestations this article highlights necessity for an integrated approach employs both personalized medicine standardized protocols aimed at mitigating long-term consequences. The insights gained not only enhance our understanding but inform development therapeutic strategies could be applicable chronic conditions with similar features.

Language: Английский

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Identification of genes involved in energy metabolism in preeclampsia and discovery of early biomarkers

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Background Preeclampsia is a complex pregnancy condition marked by hypertension and organ dysfunction, posing significant risks to maternal fetal health. This study investigates the role of energy metabolism-associated genes in preeclampsia development identifies potential early diagnostic biomarkers. Methods datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus were analyzed for batch correction, normalization, differential expression. Enrichment analyses using gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes, set enrichment performed. Protein-protein interaction networks constructed identify key genes, regulatory involving transcription factors, miRNAs, RNA-binding proteins established. Differential expression was validated with receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, immune infiltration assessed. Results Six metabolism-related identified. revealed their involvement glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipid transport, bone remodeling, glucagon secretion. Key differentially expressed included CRH(Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone) , LEP(Leptin), PDK4(Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Isozyme 4) SPP1(Secreted Phosphoprotein 1) SST(Somatostatin) . PDK4 exhibited moderate accuracy analysis. Immune analysis indicated differences between control samples. qRT-PCR confirmed LEP CRH increased, while SPP1 Conclusion Dysregulated may contribute through metabolic changes. Identifying these aids understanding preeclampsia’s molecular basis diagnosis. Future studies should validate markers larger cohorts explore targeted treatments.

Language: Английский

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Inflamm-Aging and Brain Insulin Resistance: New Insights and Role of Life-style Strategies on Cognitive and Social Determinants in Aging and Neurodegeneration

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 14, 2021

Over the past decades, human life span has dramatically increased, and therefore, a steady increase in diseases associated with age (such as Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease) is expected. In these neurodegenerative diseases, there cognitive decline memory loss, which accompany increased systemic inflammation, inflamm-aging, insulin resistance. Despite numerous studies of age-related pathologies, data on contribution brain resistance innate immunity components to aging are insufficient. Recently, much research been focused consequences nutrients adiposity- nutrient-related signals decline. Moreover, given role metainflammation neurodegeneration, lifestyle interventions such calorie restriction may be an effective way break vicious cycle have social behavior. The various effects metainflammation, resistance, neurodegeneration described. Less attention paid determinants possible mechanism by might influence purpose this review discuss current knowledge interdisciplinary field geroscience—immunosenescence, metainflammation—which makes significant aging. A substantial part devoted frontiers relation neuroinflammation. addition, we summarize new potential mechanisms that intervention brain. This can used initiate successful slow onset diseases.

Language: Английский

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