Current Pharmaceutical Design,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
29(36), P. 2902 - 2920
Published: Nov. 1, 2023
Objectives:
This
study
aims
to
design
and
evaluate
(in
silico
in
vitro)
a
new
nicotinamide
derivative
as
an
inhibitor
of
VEGFR-2,
major
mediator
angiogenesis.
Methods:
The
following
studies
were
performed;
DFT
calculations,
molecular
modelling,
MD
simulations,
MM-GBSA,
PLIP,
PCAT
studies.
compound's
(ADMET)
analysis
was
also
conducted.
Subsequently,
the
compound
((E)-N-(4-(1-(2-(4-(4-Chlorobenzamido)benzoyl)hydrazono)ethyl)
phenyl)nicotinamide)
successfully
synthesized
designated
X.
In
vitro,
VEGFR-2
inhibition
cytotoxicity
X
against
HCT-116
A549
cancer
cell
lines
normal
Vero
Apoptosis
induction
migration
assay
after
treatment
with
evaluated.
Results:
calculations
assigned
stability
reactivity
Molecular
docking
simulations
indicated
its
excellent
binding
VEGFR-2.
Furthermore,
MM-GBSA
analysis,
PLIP
experiments,
confirmed
X’s
correct
optimal
dynamics
energy.
ADMET
expressed
general
likeness
safety.
vitro
assays
demonstrated
that
effectively
inhibited
IC50
value
0.319
±
0.013
μM
displayed
lines,
values
57.93
78.82
μM,
respectively.
Importantly,
exhibited
minimal
toxicity
towards
non-cancerous
(IC50
=
164.12
μM).
Additionally,
significantly
induced
apoptosis
their
potential
migrate
heal.
Conclusion:
summary,
presented
has
identified
promising
candidate
for
development
novel
apoptotic
lead
anticancer
drug.
RSC Advances,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(32), P. 22122 - 22147
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
A
novel
series
of
pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile
derivatives
bearing
benzylidene
and
hydrazone
moieties
with
different
linkers
(spacers)
were
designed
synthesized
as
possible
inhibitors
the
vascular
endothelial
growth
factor
receptor-2
(VEGFR-2).
The
newly
compounds
evaluated
in
vitro
for
their
cytotoxic
activities
against
two
human
cancer
cell
lines
namely
colon
(HCT-116)
breast
(MCF-7)
using
sorafenib
a
standard
anticancer
drug.
Compounds
9d,
11e,
12b,
12d
showed
higher
than
IC50
values
ranging
from
1.14
to
10.33
μM.
In
particular,
compound
11e
exhibited
excellent
HCT-116
MCF-7
1.54
μM,
respectively.
Moreover,
about
47.32-fold
activity
normal
fibroblast
(WI-38)
cells,
lower
cytotoxicity
cells.
12b
most
potent
VEGFR-2
0.61
0.53
respectively,
compared
sorafenib.
Bedsides,
arrested
at
S
sub-G1
phases,
induced
significant
increase
apoptotic
caused
remarkable
decrease
levels
TNF-α,
IL-6,
caspase-3.
Finally,
binding
patterns
target
investigated
through
docking
study
proposed
molecular
(VEGFR-2,
PDB
ID
1YWN).
results
studies
similar
modes
VEGFR-2.
addition,
dynamic
simulations
revealed
stability
active
site
100
ns.
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(2), P. e24005 - e24005
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
In
this
study,
a
series
of
seven
novel
2,4-dioxothiazolidine
derivatives
with
potential
anticancer
and
VEGFR-2
inhibiting
abilities
were
designed
synthesized
as
inhibitors.
The
compounds
tested
in
vitro
for
their
to
inhibit
the
growth
HepG2
MCF-7
cancer
cell
lines.
Among
tested,
compound
22
(IC50
=
0.079
μM)
demonstrated
highest
anti-VEGFR-2
efficacy.
Furthermore,
it
significant
anti-proliferative
activities
against
2.04
±
0.06
1.21
0.04
M).
Additionally,
also
increased
total
apoptotic
rate
lines
cycle
arrest
at
S
phase.
As
well,
computational
methods
applied
study
VEGFR-2-22
complex
molecular
level.
Molecular
docking
dynamics
(MD)
simulations
used
investigate
complex's
structural
kinetic
characteristics.
DFT
calculations
further
revealed
electronic
properties
22.
Finally,
ADMET
toxicity
tests
performed
indicating
likeness
proposed
be
drugs.
results
suggest
that
displays
promise
an
effective
treatment
can
serve
model
future
modifications
biological
investigations
field.
ACS Omega,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(1), P. 837 - 857
Published: Dec. 15, 2023
In
this
study,
(E)-2-phenyl-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-amine
(3)
is
synthesized,
and
detailed
spectral
characterizations
using
1H
NMR,
13C
mass,
Fourier
transform
infrared
(FT-IR)
spectroscopy
were
performed.
The
optimized
geometry
was
computed
the
density
functional
theory
method
at
B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)
basis
set.
theoretical
FT-IR
NMR
(1H
13C)
analysis
are
agreed
to
validate
structural
assignment
made
for
(3).
Frontier
molecular
orbitals,
electrostatic
potential,
Mulliken
atomic
charge,
electron
localization
function,
localized
orbital
locator,
natural
bond
orbital,
nonlinear
optical,
Fukui
functions,
quantum
of
atoms
in
molecules
analyses
undertaken
meticulously
interpreted,
providing
profound
insights
into
nature
behaviors.
addition,
ADMET
drug-likeness
studies
carried
out
investigated.
Furthermore,
docking
dynamics
simulations
have
been
studied,
indicating
that
an
ideal
molecule
develop
as
a
potential
vascular
endothelial
growth
factor
receptor-2
inhibitor.
Pharmaceuticals,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
18(2), P. 233 - 233
Published: Feb. 8, 2025
Background/Objectives:
Glioblastoma
multiforme
(GBM),
an
aggressive
and
deadly
brain
tumour,
presents
significant
challenges
in
achieving
effective
treatment
due
to
its
resistance
current
therapies
poor
prognosis.
This
study
aimed
synthesise
evaluate
23
novel
analogues
of
3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one,
designed
enhance
druggability
solubility,
investigate
their
potential
as
VEGFR2
inhibitors
for
GBM
treatment.
Methods:
The
synthesised
compounds
were
analysed
using
silico
methods,
including
molecular
docking
dynamics
studies,
assess
interactions
with
key
residues
within
the
binding
pocket.
In
vitro
evaluations
performed
on
U87-MG
U138-MG
cell
lines
MTT
assays
determine
IC50
values
compounds.
Results:
Among
tested
compounds,
4u
(IC50
=
7.96
μM),
4t
10.48
4m
4.20
4q
8.00
μM)
demonstrated
antiproliferative
effects
against
both
lines.
These
exhibited
markedly
higher
efficacy
compared
temozolomide
(TMZ),
which
showed
92.90
μM
93.09
U138-MG,
respectively.
Molecular
studies
confirmed
strong
between
kinase,
supporting
substantial
anti-cancer
activity.
Conclusions:
highlights
promising
3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one
analogues,
particularly
4m,
4q,
4t,
4u,
VEGFR2-targeting
therapeutic
agents
Further
detailed
research
is
warranted
validate
expand
upon
these
findings.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: March 28, 2025
Severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2),
the
etiological
agent
of
ongoing
global
pandemic,
has
constituted
worst
health
disaster
in
recent
years.
However,
no
antiviral
drugs
have
proved
clinically
efficacious
to
combat
SARS-CoV-2
infection.
The
double-membrane
vesicle
(DMV)
pore
complex,
particularly
for
its
positively
charged
residues
R1613,
R1614,
R303,
R305,
and
R306,
which
are
highly
conserved
across
β-coronaviruses
play
a
critical
role
mediating
RNA
transport
virus
replication,
been
validated
as
an
effective
drug
target.
Here,
we
employed
computer-aided
design
(CADD)
techniques
first
time
screen
compounds
against
by
targeting
crystal
structure
DMV
nsp3-4
complex.
A
total
486,387
were
subjected
virtual
screening,
such
toxicity
prediction,
ADMET
molecular
docking,
target
analysis.
six
(three
each
binding
site)
selected
based
on
their
lowest
energies.
Notably,
Compound
391
demonstrated
strongest
affinity
R1613
R1614
at
site
1,
meanwhile,
5,157
exhibited
most
stable
interactions
with
essential
R306
2.
These
results
demonstrate
that
exhibit
greater
potential
effects,
provide
theoretical
basis
further
confirmation
vitro
vivo
studies.