This
review
paper
highlights
the
current
toxicological
aspects
of
magnetic
nanomaterials
in
field
medicine
and
environment,
conducted
through
a
comprehensive
literature
review.
The
main
goal
was
to
investigate
analyze
key
challenges
identified
that
impede
effective
utilization
these
systems,
particularly
focusing
on
iron
oxide
(Fe3O4)
nanoparticles.
We
aimed
factors
influence
their
intended
applications.
sought
understand
how
characteristics
produced
NPs
could
be
enhanced
improve
biocompatibility
compared
existing
samples
literature.
Additionally,
we
examined
morphological
directly
linked
physicochemical
potential
implications
for
toxicology
ecotoxicology.
Furthermore,
evaluated
regulatory
impact
nanostructured
materials.
Therefore,
initial
aspect
this
delved
into
historical
evolution
nanoparticles,
investigating
significant
milestones
have
influenced
exploration
technology.
discoveries,
influencing
choice
synthesis
methods,
most
prevalent
approaches
surface
functionalization
employed
by
scientists
materials
possessing
superparamagnetic
characteristics,
such
as
oxide.
second
focused
survey-based
global
regulation
progress
concerning
nanoparticles
throughout
years.
encountered
establishing
safety
criteria
diverse
applications
under
investigation.
encompassed
an
assessment
impacts
both
human
health
environment.
Micromachines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(12), P. 2154 - 2154
Published: Nov. 25, 2023
The
study
delves
into
the
multifaceted
potential
of
quercetin
(Qu),
a
phytoconstituent
found
in
various
fruits,
vegetables,
and
medicinal
plants,
combination
with
silver
nanoparticles
(AgNPs).
research
explores
synthesis
characterization
AgNPs
loaded
Qu
investigates
their
pharmaceutical
applications,
particularly
focusing
on
antibacterial
properties.
meticulously
evaluates
Qu's
identity,
physicochemical
properties,
reaffirming
its
suitability
for
use.
development
Qu-loaded
demonstrates
high
drug
entrapment
efficiency,
ideal
particle
characteristics,
controlled
release
kinetics,
suggesting
enhanced
therapeutic
efficacy
reduced
side
effects.
Furthermore,
examines
activity
different
solvents,
revealing
distinct
outcomes.
Qu,
both
methanol
water
formulations,
exhibits
against
Escherichia
coli,
formulation
displaying
slightly
stronger
efficacy.
In
conclusion,
this
successfully
synthesizes
highlights
as
potent
formulation.
findings
underscore
influence
solvent
choice
properties
pave
way
further
delivery
systems
antimicrobial
agents.
This
innovative
approach
holds
promise
addressing
microbial
resistance
advancing
formulations
improved
Biomedical Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(4), P. 042001 - 042001
Published: March 12, 2024
In
the
biomedical
industry,
nanoparticles
(NPs-exclusively
small
particles
with
size
ranging
from
1-100
nanometres)
are
recently
employed
as
powerful
tools
due
to
their
huge
potential
in
sophisticated
and
enhanced
cancer
theragnostic
(i.e.
therapeutics
diagnostics).
Cancer
is
a
life-threatening
disease
caused
by
carcinogenic
agents
mutation
cells,
leading
uncontrolled
cell
growth
harming
body's
normal
functioning
while
affecting
several
factors
like
low
levels
of
reactive
oxygen
species,
hyperactive
antiapoptotic
mRNA
expression,
reduced
proapoptotic
damaged
DNA
repair,
so
on.
NPs
extensively
used
early
diagnosis
functionalized
target
receptors
overexpressing
cells
for
effective
treatment.
This
review
focuses
explicitly
on
how
alone
combined
imaging
techniques
advanced
treatment
have
been
researched
against
'women's
cancer'
such
breast,
ovarian,
cervical
which
substantially
occurring
women.
NPs,
combination
numerous
(like
PET,
SPECT,
MRI,
etc)
widely
explored
understanding
tumor
characteristics.
Moreover,
various
magnetic
hyperthermia,
pH
responsiveness,
photothermal
therapy,
etc),
stated
be
more
targeted
therapeutic
strategies
negligible
side
effects.
Furthermore,
this
will
further
help
improve
outcomes
patient
quality
life
based
application-based
studies
women's
Pharmaceuticals,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(7), P. 966 - 966
Published: July 21, 2024
This
study
investigates
whether
Andrographolide-loaded
Lactose
β-Cyclodextrin
(ALN-βCD)
nanoparticles
enhance
cognitive
function,
particularly
spatial
learning
and
memory.
The
successful
conjugation
of
lactose
to
β-cyclodextrin
was
confirmed
via
1H
NMR
spectroscopy,
facilitating
neuronal
cell
entry.
solvent
evaporation
method
used
create
the
nanoparticles,
which
were
characterised
for
particle
size,
PDI,
zeta
potential,
drug
release.
exhibited
a
size
247.9
±
3.2
nm,
PDI
0.5
0.02,
potential
26.8
2.5
mV.
FTIR
TEM
analyses,
along
with
in
vitro
release
BBB
permeability
studies,
their
stability
efficacy.
Behavioural
tests,
including
Elevated
Plus
Maze,
Y-Maze,
Object
Recognition,
Locomotor
Activity
demonstrated
significant
improvements
memory,
motor
coordination,
exploration
time
nanoparticle-treated
groups.
group
treated
ALN-βCD
at
dose
100
mg/kg/p.o.
showed
superior
performance
compared
receiving
free
andrographolides
(AG).
Biochemical
assays
indicated
reduction
acetylcholinesterase
activity
lipid
peroxidation,
suggesting
increased
acetylcholine
levels
reduced
oxidative
stress.
Histopathological
examination
improved
function
without
toxicity.
results
(p
<
0.001)
memory
abilities
experimental
animals,
highlighting
as
non-invasive
treatment
loss.
These
promising
findings
warrant
further
through
clinical
trials.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 5, 2024
Abstract
Antibiotic
resistance
is
a
growing
concern
due
to
the
overuse
of
antibiotics.
Alternative
treatments,
such
as
nanoparticles,
are
being
explored.
Biological
synthesis
iron
oxide
nanoparticles
(Fe3O4-NPs)
via
probiotics
offers
sustainable
and
cost-effective
method
over
toxic
chemical
approaches,
but
there
challenges
regarding
its
heavy
metal
toxicity
obtained
nanoparticles.
Thus,
this
research
aims
biologically
synthesize
Fe₃O₄-NPs
new
bacterial
isolate
evaluate
toxicity.
The
objectives
characterize
novel
with
probiotic
potential.
Then,
Fe3O4-NPs
Transmission
Electron
Microscopy
(TEM),
Field
Emission
Scanning
(FE-SEM),
Powder
Diffraction
Techniques
(XRD),
Fourier
Transform
Infrared
Spectroscopy
(FT-IR),
nanosizer.
Finally,
cytotoxicity
potential
MTT–
(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide)
assays.
A
total
12
samples
were
collected
from
six
different
sites
in
Selangor,
Malaysia.
16s
rRNA
sequencing
came
closest
Bacillus
proteolyticus
UPMC1508
(99.87%).
This
strain
has
lower
antibiotic
high
Fe-tolerance
(MTC
=
0.8
mg.mL−
1).
It
successfully
synthesized
Fe3O4-NPs,
which
exhibited
absorption
curves
between
290–300
nm.
TEM
FE-SEM
indicated
spherical
formed
Fe3O4-NPs;
average
diameter
was
5.12
±
0.95
Meanwhile,
XRD
peaks
revealed
that
grain
size
around
32.61
nanosizer
hydrodynamic
104
nm
good
Polydispersity
index
(PDI)
value
(0.217).
FT-IR
satisfactory
stability
after
2
months.
showed
low
at
0.031
1.The
findings
isolated
B.
Fe-heavy
tolerance
less
resistance.
Furthermore,
it
safety,
making
them
suitable
for
therapeutic
platforms,
antibacterial
anticancer.
significance
study
lies
offering
an
eco-friendly,
low-cost
approach
while
expanding
applicability
safe
biomedical
applications.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 17, 2024
Abstract
Iron-gold
(Fe0-Au)
nanoparticles
are
forefront
agents
in
biomedicine
because
of
their
magnetic
and
plasmonic
properties
prime
candidates
for
advanced
biomedical
applications
such
as
hyperthermia,
targeted
drug
delivery,
bioimaging.
Synthesizing
biocompatible,
stable
iron
phase,
minimal
borate-related
cytotoxicity,
Fe0-Au
hybrid
a
great
challenge,
This
study
presents
an
optimized,
two-step
synthetic
approach
to
produce
PEGylated
nanoparticles,
employing
NaBH4
reducing
agent
under
strictly
anaerobic
conditions.
UV-Vis
spectroscopy
confirmed
nanoparticle
formation,
with
absorbance
peaks
at
260
nm
Fe0
526
Au,
accompanied
by
discernible
color
shifts
the
colloidal
suspension,
indicative
successful
metal
reduction.
High
Transmission
electron
microscopy
(HRTEM)
revealed
uniform
spherical
morphology
average
diameter
50
nm,
while
X-ray
photoelectron
(XPS)
demonstrated
substantial
minimization
borate
byproducts,
these
potentially
cytotoxic
residues
14
atomic
percent.
Magnetization
assessments
showed
hysteresis-free
superparamagnetic
behavior
saturation
magnetization
75
Am²/kg
NPs,
validating
suitability
precision
hyperthermia
resonance
imaging.
These
findings
indicate
that
PEG
functionalization
enhances
stability
effectively
mitigates
toxicity
risks,
rendering
highly
viable
preclinical
translational
applications.