Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. 710 - 710
Published: March 27, 2019
The
concept
of
food
addiction
has
generated
much
controversy.
In
comparison
to
research
examining
the
construct
and
its
validity,
relatively
little
examined
broader
implications
addiction.
purpose
current
scoping
review
was
examine
potential
ethical,
stigma,
health
policy
Major
themes
were
identified
in
literature,
extensive
overlap
between
several
themes.
Ethics
sub-themes
related
primarily
individual
responsibility
included:
(i)
personal
control,
will
power,
choice;
(ii)
blame
weight
bias.
Stigma
impact
on
self-stigma
stigma
from
others,
differential
substance
use
disorder
versus
behavioral
(iii)
additive
plus
obesity
and/or
eating
disorder.
Policy
broadly
derived
comparisons
tobacco
industry
focused
addictive
foods
as
opposed
This
underscored
need
for
increased
awareness
role
industry,
empirical
identify
specific
hyperpalatable
substances,
interventions
that
are
not
simply
extrapolated
tobacco.
Obesity Reviews,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
21(12)
Published: Aug. 6, 2020
Summary
Understanding
the
drivers
and
dynamics
of
global
ultra‐processed
food
(UPF)
consumption
is
essential,
given
evidence
linking
these
foods
with
adverse
health
outcomes.
In
this
synthesis
review,
we
take
two
steps.
First,
quantify
per
capita
volumes
trends
in
UPF
sales,
ingredients
(sweeteners,
fats,
sodium
cosmetic
additives)
supplied
by
foods,
countries
classified
income
region.
Second,
review
literature
on
systems
political
economy
factors
that
likely
explain
observed
changes.
We
find
for
a
substantial
expansion
types
quantities
UPFs
sold
worldwide,
representing
transition
towards
more
processed
diet
but
wide
variations
between
regions
countries.
As
grow
richer,
higher
wider
variety
are
sold.
Sales
highest
Australasia,
North
America,
Europe
Latin
America
growing
rapidly
Asia,
Middle
East
Africa.
These
developments
closely
linked
industrialization
systems,
technological
change
globalization,
including
growth
market
activities
transnational
corporations
inadequate
policies
to
protect
nutrition
new
contexts.
The
scale
dietary
underway,
especially
highly
populated
middle‐income
countries,
raises
serious
concern
health.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(7), P. 1955 - 1955
Published: June 30, 2020
The
nutrition
literature
and
authoritative
reports
increasingly
recognise
the
concept
of
ultra-processed
foods
(UPF),
as
a
descriptor
unhealthy
diets.
UPFs
are
now
prevalent
in
diets
worldwide.
This
review
aims
to
identify
appraise
studies
on
healthy
participants
that
investigated
associations
between
levels
UPF
consumption
health
outcomes.
involved
systematic
search
for
extant
literature;
integration
interpretation
findings
from
diverse
study
types,
populations,
outcomes
dietary
assessments;
quality
appraisal.
Of
43
reviewed,
37
found
exposure
associated
with
at
least
one
adverse
outcome.
Among
adults,
these
included
overweight,
obesity
cardio-metabolic
risks;
cancer,
type-2
diabetes
cardiovascular
diseases;
irritable
bowel
syndrome,
depression
frailty
conditions;
all-cause
mortality.
children
adolescents,
risks
asthma.
No
reported
an
association
beneficial
Most
were
derived
observational
evidence
plausible
biological
mechanisms
increase
confidence
veracity
observed
is
steadily
evolving.
There
considerable
body
supporting
use
scientific
assess
‘healthiness’
within
context
patterns
help
inform
development
guidelines
policy
actions.
BMJ Open,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
9(8), P. e029544 - e029544
Published: Aug. 1, 2019
This
study
aimed
to
describe
the
consumption
of
ultra-processed
foods
in
Australia
and
its
association
with
intake
nutrients
linked
non-communicable
diseases
(NCDs).Cross-sectional
study.National
Nutrition
Physical
Activity
Survey
(2011-2012).12,153
participants
aged
2+
years.Average
dietary
content
NCDs
prevalence
outside
levels
recommended
for
prevention
NCDs.Food
items
were
classified
according
NOVA
system,
a
classification
based
on
nature,
extent
purpose
industrial
food
processing.
The
contribution
each
group
their
subgroups
total
energy
was
calculated.
Mean
nutrient
non-ultra-processed
fractions
diet
compared.
Across
quintiles
foods,
differences
as
well
intakes
examined.Ultra-processed
had
highest
(42.0%
intake),
followed
by
unprocessed
or
minimally
processed
(35.4%),
(15.8%)
culinary
ingredients
(6.8%).
A
positive
statistically
significant
linear
trend
found
between
free
sugars
(standardised
β
0.43,
p<0.001);
(β
0.08,
p<0.001),
saturated
0.18,
p<0.001)
trans
fats
0.10,
sodium
0.21,
density
0.41,
while
an
inverse
relationship
observed
fibre
-0.21,
potassium
-0.27,
p<0.001).
non-recommended
all
studied
increased
linearly
across
intake,
notably
from
22%
82%
sugars,
6%
11%
fat
2%
25%
density,
lowest
quintile.The
high
impacted
negatively
Australia.
Decreasing
share
would
substantially
improve
quality
country
help
population
achieve
recommendations
critical
NCDs.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Feb. 7, 2020
Abstract
Food
addiction
is
linked
to
obesity
and
eating
disorders
characterized
by
a
loss
of
behavioral
control
compulsive
food
intake.
Here,
using
mouse
model,
we
report
that
the
lack
cannabinoid
type-1
receptor
in
dorsal
telencephalic
glutamatergic
neurons
prevents
development
addiction-like
behavior,
which
associated
with
enhanced
synaptic
excitatory
transmission
medial
prefrontal
cortex
(mPFC)
nucleus
accumbens
(NAc).
In
contrast,
chemogenetic
inhibition
neuronal
activity
mPFC-NAc
pathway
induces
seeking.
Transcriptomic
analysis
genetic
manipulation
identified
increased
dopamine
D2
expression
promotes
phenotype.
Our
study
unravels
new
neurobiological
mechanism
underlying
resilience
vulnerability
addiction,
could
pave
way
towards
novel
efficient
interventions
for
this
disorder.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(11), P. 3401 - 3401
Published: Nov. 5, 2020
Past
public
health
crises
(e.g.,
tobacco,
alcohol,
opioids,
cholera,
human
immunodeficiency
virus
(HIV),
lead,
pollution,
venereal
disease,
even
coronavirus
(COVID-19)
have
been
met
with
interventions
targeted
both
at
the
individual
and
all
of
society.
While
healthcare
community
is
very
aware
that
global
pandemic
non-communicable
diseases
(NCDs)
has
its
origins
in
our
Western
ultraprocessed
food
diet,
society
slow
to
initiate
any
other
than
education,
which
ineffective,
part
due
industry
interference.
This
article
provides
rationale
for
such
interventions,
by
compiling
evidence
added
sugar,
proxy
category,
meets
four
criteria
set
as
necessary
sufficient
regulation—abuse,
toxicity,
ubiquity,
externalities
(How
does
your
consumption
affect
me?).
To
their
credit,
some
countries
recently
heeded
this
science
instituted
sugar
taxation
policies
help
ameliorate
NCDs
within
borders.
also
supplies
scientific
counters
talking
points,
sample
intervention
strategies,
order
guide
scientists
policy
makers
instituting
further
appropriate
measures
quell
pandemic.
Proceedings of The Nutrition Society,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
79(1), P. 103 - 112
Published: Nov. 20, 2019
The
concept
of
food
addiction
is
currently
a
highly
debated
subject
within
both
the
general
public
and
scientific
communities.
term
suggests
that
individuals
may
experience
addictive-like
responses
to
food,
similar
those
seen
with
classic
substances
abuse.
An
increasing
number
studies
have
established
prevalence
correlates
addiction.
Moreover,
be
associated
obesity
disordered
eating.
Thus,
intervening
on
helpful
in
prevention
therapy
eating
disorders.
However,
controversy
exists
about
if
this
phenomenon
best
defined
through
paradigms
reflective
Diagnostic
Statistical
Manual
Mental
Disorders
(DSM-5)
substance-related
disorders
(e.g.
addiction)
or
non-substance-related
criteria.
This
review
paper
will
give
brief
summarisation
current
state
research
addiction,
more
precise
definition
its
classification,
differentiation
from
an
overview
potential
overlaps
Based
review,
there
evidence
represent
distinct
such
as
bulimia
nervosa
binge-eating
disorder.
Future
are
needed
further
examine
establish
orthogonal
diagnostic
criteria
specific
Such
must
differentiate
patterns
symptoms
characterise
develop
options.
To
date,
it
too
premature
draw
conclusions
clinical
significance
European Eating Disorders Review,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
30(2), P. 85 - 95
Published: Dec. 24, 2021
Abstract
Objective
To
determine,
through
a
systematic
review
with
meta‐analysis,
the
prevalence
of
food
addiction
(FA)
using
Yale
Food
Addiction
Scale
(YFAS)
and
its
derivatives
exploring
possible
factors
associated
FA
in
several
contexts.
Methods
The
following
databases
were
searched:
MEDLINE,
ScienceDirect,
LILACS,
PsycArticles,
CENTRAL,
Greylit.org
,
OpenGrey.eu
.
Studies
that
assessed
YFAS
included.
Two
independent
reviewers
eligibility
each
report.
Random‐effects
meta‐analysis
was
performed
to
calculate
weighted
FA.
Subgroup
analyses
meta‐regression
conducted
explore
sources
heterogeneity.
Results
Of
6425
abstracts
reviewed,
272
studies
mean
diagnosis
20%
(95%
CI:
18%;
21%).
higher
individuals
clinical
binge
eating
(55%;
95%
CI
34%;
75%).
samples
compared
non‐clinical
samples.
included
children
only
no
elderly
people.
Conclusions
is
topic
which
there
has
been
significant
growth
studies.
highest
found
group
participants
disorders
weight
disorders.
More
are
needed.
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Nov. 25, 2020
Background:
Several
scholars
hypothesize
that
one
of
the
most
negative
impacts
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
crisis
would
concern
increase
prevalence
and
severity
both
substances
behavioral
addiction.
Despite
general
concerns
about
addictions
related
to
COVID-19
emergency,
few
data
are
still
available.
Thus,
main
aim
this
study
was
investigate
association
between
distress
and:
(i)
alcohol
problems,
(ii)
social
media
addiction
(SMA)
symptoms,
(iii)
food
(FA)
symptoms.
Methods:
A
national
online-survey
carried
out
during
Italian
lockdown
(i.e.,
9
March
2020–4
May
2020).
In
current
study,
1,519
participants
(365
men
1,154
women,
mean
age:
28.49
±
10.89
years)
were
included.
The
survey
included
socio-demographic
items
(e.g.,
age,
sex,
residential
regions,
education
level,
civil
status,
tobacco
use,
etc.),
as
well
ad-hoc
developed
questions
aimed
variables
isolation/quarantine,
personal
diagnosis
COVID-19,
friends
or
relatives
with
diagnosis,
etc.).
Participants
also
completed
following
self-report
measures
in
order
investigate:
psychological
impact
SMA
FA
impulsivity.
Results:
independently
associated
problems
(β
=
0.058,
p
0.043),
symptoms
0.259,
<
0.001),
0.150,
0.001).
Conclusion:
Taken
together,
our
results
seem
confirm
emergency
on
addictive
behaviors,
suggesting
issue
should
be
carefully
monitored.
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9(8), P. 2344 - 2344
Published: July 23, 2020
In
the
last
decades,
obesity
has
become
a
major
concern
for
clinical
and
public
health.
Despite
variety
of
available
treatments,
outcomes
remain—by
large—still
unsatisfactory,
owing
to
high
rates
nonresponse
relapse.
Interestingly,
is
being
associated
with
growing
surge
neuropsychiatric
problems,
certainly
related
pathogenesis
this
condition,
likely
be
great
consequence
as
its
treatment
prognosis.
neurobiologic
direction,
sturdy
body
evidence
recently
shown
that
immune–metabolic–endocrine
dyscrasias,
notoriously
attached
excess
weight/adiposity,
affect
impair
morpho-functional
integrity
brain,
thus
possibly
contributing
neuroprogressive/degenerative
processes
behavioral
deviances.
Likewise,
in
perspective,
displays
complex
associations
mood
disorders
affective
temperamental
dimensions
(namely
cyclothymia),
eating
characterized
by
overeating/binge-eating
behaviors,
ADHD-related
executive
dysfunctions,
emotional
dysregulation
motivational–addictive
disturbances.
With
review,
we
attempt
provide
clinician
synoptic,
yet
exhaustive,
tool
more
conscious
approach
subset
which
could
reasonably
termed
“psychiatric”
obesity.
Obesity,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
28(8), P. 1477 - 1486
Published: July 22, 2020
Background
Alterations
in
brain‐gut‐microbiome
interactions
have
been
implicated
as
an
important
factor
obesity.
This
study
aimed
to
explore
the
relationship
between
food
addiction
(FA)
and
axis,
using
a
multi‐omics
approach
involving
microbiome
data,
metabolomics,
brain
imaging.
Methods
Brain
magnetic
resonance
imaging
was
obtained
105
females.
FA
defined
by
Yale
Food
Addiction
Scale.
Fecal
samples
were
collected
for
sequencing
metabolomics.
Statistical
analysis
done
multivariate
analyses
machine
learning
algorithms.
Results
Of
females
with
obesity,
33.3%
exhibited
compared
5.3%
0.0%
of
overweight
normal
BMI,
respectively
(
P
=
0.0001).
Based
on
multilevel
sparse
partial
least
square
discriminant
analysis,
there
difference
gut
versus
those
without.
Differential
abundance
testing
showed
Bacteroides
,
Megamonas
Eubacterium
Akkermansia
statistically
associated
q
<
0.05).
Metabolomics
that
indolepropionic
acid
inversely
correlated
FA.
also
increased
connectivity
within
brain’s
reward
network,
specifically
intraparietal
sulcus,
stem,
putamen.
Conclusions
is
first
examine
along
axis
it
supports
idea
targeting
treatment