A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 236 - 236

Published: Jan. 16, 2020

Immune support by micronutrients is historically based on vitamin C deficiency and supplementation in scurvy early times. It has since been established that the complex, integrated immune system needs multiple specific micronutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, selenium, which play vital, often synergistic roles at every stage of response. Adequate amounts are essential to ensure proper function physical barriers cells; however, daily micronutrient intakes necessary may be higher than current recommended dietary allowances. Certain populations have inadequate intakes, situations with increased requirements (e.g., infection, stress, pollution) further decrease stores within body. Several deficient, even marginal impair immunity. Although contradictory data exist, available evidence indicates immune-supporting modulate reduce risk infection. Micronutrients strongest for D zinc. Better design human clinical studies addressing dosage combinations different required substantiate benefits against

Language: Английский

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Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19

BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 74 - 92

Published: May 20, 2020

The immune system protects the host from pathogenic organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites). To deal with this array of threats, has evolved to include a myriad specialised cell types, communicating molecules and functional responses. is always active, carrying out surveillance, but its activity enhanced if an individual becomes infected. This heightened accompanied by increased rate metabolism, requiring energy sources, substrates for biosynthesis regulatory molecules, which are all ultimately derived diet. A number vitamins (A, B 6 , 12 folate, C, D E) trace elements (zinc, copper, selenium, iron) have been demonstrated key roles in supporting human reducing risk infections. Other essential nutrients including other elements, amino acids fatty also important. Each named above antibacterial antiviral defence, zinc selenium seem be particularly important latter. It would prudent individuals consume sufficient amounts support their help them pathogens should they become gut microbiota plays role educating regulating system. Gut dysbiosis feature disease many infectious diseases described COVID-19. Dietary approaches achieve healthy can benefit Severe infection respiratory epithelium lead acute distress syndrome (ARDS), characterised excessive damaging inflammation, termed cytokine storm. seen cases severe There evidence ARDS settings that storm controlled n-3 acids, possibly through metabolism pro-resolving mediators.

Language: Английский

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Association of Vitamin D Status and Other Clinical Characteristics With COVID-19 Test Results

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(9), P. e2019722 - e2019722

Published: Sept. 3, 2020

Importance

Vitamin D treatment has been found to decrease the incidence of viral respiratory tract infection, especially in patients with vitamin deficiency. Whether is associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) unknown.

Objective

To examine whether last status before COVID-19 testing test results.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study at an urban academic medical center included a 25-hydroxycholecalciferol or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol level measured within 1 year being tested for from March 3 April 10, 2020.

Exposures

deficiency was defined by measurement less than 20 ng/mL 18 pg/mL testing. Treatment changes were type dose between date combined categorize most recent as likely deficient (last not increased), sufficient decreased), 2 groups uncertain increased, decreased).

Main Outcomes Measures

The outcome positive polymerase chain reaction result. Multivariable analysis COVID-19, controlling demographic comorbidity indicators.

Results

A total 489 (mean [SD] age, 49.2 [18.4] years; 366 [75%] women; 331 [68%] race other White) had categorized 124 participants (25%), 287 (59%), 78 (16%). Overall, 71 (15%) COVID-19. In multivariate analysis, increasing age up 50 years (relative risk, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09;P = .02); non-White 2.54; 1.26-5.12;P .009), 1.77; 1.12-2.81;P .02) compared status. Predicted rates group 21.6% (95% 14.0%-29.2%) vs 12.2%(95% 8.9%-15.4%) group.

Conclusions Relevance

this single-center, study, increased finding that suggests randomized trials may be needed determine affects risk.

Language: Английский

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Diet and Immune Function

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1933 - 1933

Published: Aug. 16, 2019

A well-functioning immune system is critical for survival. The must be constantly alert, monitoring signs of invasion or danger. Cells the able to distinguish self from non-self and furthermore discriminate between molecules which are harmful (e.g., those pathogens) innocuous food). This Special Issue Nutrients explores relationship diet nutrients function. In this preface, we outline key functions system, how it interacts with across life course, highlighting work included within Issue. includes role macronutrients, micronutrients, gut microbiome in mediating immunological effects. Nutritional modulation has applications clinical setting, but can also have a healthy populations, acting reduce delay onset immune-mediated chronic diseases. Ongoing research field will ultimately lead better understanding function facilitate use bespoke nutrition improve human health.

Language: Английский

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Obesity ‑ a risk factor for increased COVID‑19 prevalence, severity and lethality (Review)

Molecular Medicine Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 9 - 19

Published: May 5, 2020

Coronaviruses (CoVs), enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses, are a group of viruses that cause infections in the human respiratory tract, which can be characterized clinically from mild to fatal. The severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) is virus responsible. global spread COVID‑19 described as worst pandemic humanity last century. To date, has infected more than 3,000,000 people worldwide and killed 200,000 people. All age groups virus, but serious symptoms possibly result death observed older those with underlying medical conditions such cardiovascular pulmonary disease. Novel data report even negative prognosis for obese patients. A growing body evidence connects obesity number mechanisms immune system activity attenuation chronic inflammation implicated. Lipid peroxidation creates reactive lipid aldehydes patient metabolic disorder will affect its prognosis. Finally, pregnancy‑associated needs studied further connection this infection could pose high risk both pregnant women fetus.

Language: Английский

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The possible pathophysiology mechanism of cytokine storm in elderly adults with COVID-19 infection: the contribution of “inflame-aging”

Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 69(9), P. 825 - 839

Published: June 11, 2020

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive Review of Uterine Fibroids: Developmental Origin, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 43(4), P. 678 - 719

Published: Nov. 6, 2021

Abstract Uterine fibroids are benign monoclonal neoplasms of the myometrium, representing most common tumors in women worldwide. To date, no long-term or noninvasive treatment option exists for hormone-dependent uterine fibroids, due to limited knowledge about molecular mechanisms underlying initiation and development fibroids. This paper comprehensively summarizes recent research advances on focusing risk factors, origin, pathogenetic mechanisms, options. Additionally, we describe current interventions Finally, future perspectives studies summarized. Deeper mechanistic insights into tumor etiology complexity can contribute progress newer targeted therapies.

Language: Английский

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Mechanism of inflammatory response in associated comorbidities in COVID-19

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 597 - 600

Published: May 12, 2020

Language: Английский

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Current State of Evidence: Influence of Nutritional and Nutrigenetic Factors on Immunity in the COVID-19 Pandemic Framework

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 2738 - 2738

Published: Sept. 8, 2020

The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has shock waves in many countries, producing a global health crisis worldwide. Lack of knowledge biological mechanisms viruses, plus absence effective treatments against disease (COVID-19) and/or vaccines have pulled factors that can compromise proper functioning immune system to fight infectious diseases into spotlight. optimal status specific nutrients is considered crucial keeping components within their normal activity, helping avoid and overcome infections. Specifically, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) evaluated deems six vitamins (D, A, C, Folate, B

Language: Английский

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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Covid-19: A new frontiers for therapeutic modality

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 104, P. 108516 - 108516

Published: Jan. 6, 2022

Language: Английский

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