The Brain-Gut-Microbiome System: Pathways and Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 4497 - 4497

Published: Dec. 16, 2021

Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the most prevalent physiological symptoms autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A growing body largely preclinical research suggests that dysbiotic gut microbiota may modulate brain function and social behavior, yet little known about mechanisms underlie these relationships how they influence pathogenesis or severity ASD. While various genetic environmental risk factors have been implicated in ASD, this review aims to provide an overview studies elucidating by which microbiota, associated metabolites, interact behavior ASD development, at least a subgroup individuals with gastrointestinal problems. Specifically, we brain-gut-microbiome system discuss findings from current animal human as relate social-behavioral neurological impairments microbiota-targeted therapies (i.e., probiotics, fecal transplantation) molecular, structural, functional levels, particular interest emotion-related networks. deeper understanding microbiome-brain-behavior interactions has potential inform new aimed modulating alleviating both behavioral symptomatology

Language: Английский

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Psychobiotics: the Influence of Gut Microbiota on the Gut-Brain Axis in Neurological Disorders

Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 72(9), P. 1952 - 1964

Published: July 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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Altered gut microbiota correlates with behavioral problems but not gastrointestinal symptoms in individuals with autism

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 106, P. 161 - 178

Published: Sept. 2, 2022

Despite inconsistent results across studies, emerging evidence suggests that the microbial micro-environment may be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Geographical and cultural factors highly impact profiles, there is a shortage of data from East Asian populations. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize profiles in an sample explore whether gut microbiota contributes clinical symptoms, emotional/behavioral problems, GI symptoms ASD.We assessed 82 boys young men ASD 31 typically developing controls (TDC), aged 6-25 years. We analyzed stool all participants 16S V3-V4 rRNA sequencing correlated its profile autistic problems.Autistic individuals, compared TDC, had worse symptoms. There were no group differences alpha diversity species richness estimates (Shannon-wiener Simpson indices). Participants increased relative abundance Fusobacterium, Ruminococcus torques (at genus level), Bacteroides plebeius DSM 17135 while decreased Ruminococcaceae UCG 013, Ervsipelotrichaceae 003, Parasutterella, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Turicibacter spiroforme 1552 Intestinimonas butyriciproducens level). Altered taxonomic significantly thought delinquent behaviors, self dysregulation, somatic complaints. did not find association between dysbiosis.Our findings suggest altered are behavioral phenotypes but ASD. The function identified mainly involves immune pathway, supporting hypothesis complex relationship microbiome, advance discovery molecular biomarkers for

Language: Английский

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Probiotics: Protecting Our Health from the Gut

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1428 - 1428

Published: July 14, 2022

The gut microbiota (GM) comprises billions of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract. This microbial community exerts numerous physiological functions. Prominent among these functions is effect on host immunity through uptake nutrients that strengthen intestinal cells and involved immune response. GM are not limited to gut, but bidirectional interactions between various extraintestinal organs have been identified. These termed interorganic axes by several authors, which gut-brain, gut-skin, gut-lung, gut-heart, gut-metabolism stand out. It has shown an organism healthy or homeostasis when balance. However, altered dysbiosis represents a critical factor pathogenesis many local systemic diseases. Therefore, probiotics intervene this context, which, according published studies, allows balance be maintained GM, leading individual's good health.

Language: Английский

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Recent developments in the probiotics as live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) as modulators of gut brain axis related neurological conditions

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Oct. 8, 2022

Abstract Probiotics have been defined as “living microorganisms that create health benefits in the host when taken sufficient amounts. Recent developments understanding of relationship between microbiom and its shown evidence about promising potential probiotics to improve certain problems. However, today, there are some confusions traditional new generation foods containing probiotics, naming classifications them scientific studies also their marketing. To clarify this confusion, Food Drug Administration (FDA) declared it has made a category definition called "live biotherapeutic products" (LBPs). Accordingly, FDA designated LBPs “ biological product that: i)contains live organisms, such bacteria; ii)is applicable prevention, treatment, or cure disease/condition human beings; iii) is not vaccine ”. The accumulated literature focused on determine effective strains disease, often obesity, diabetes, diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).However, microbiome play an important role pathogenesis age day by modern world via gut-brain axis. Herein, we discuss novel roles axis related conditions light recent studies. This article may be interest broad readership including those interested LBPs, effects safety,

Language: Английский

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