Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19

BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 74 - 92

Published: May 20, 2020

The immune system protects the host from pathogenic organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites). To deal with this array of threats, has evolved to include a myriad specialised cell types, communicating molecules and functional responses. is always active, carrying out surveillance, but its activity enhanced if an individual becomes infected. This heightened accompanied by increased rate metabolism, requiring energy sources, substrates for biosynthesis regulatory molecules, which are all ultimately derived diet. A number vitamins (A, B 6 , 12 folate, C, D E) trace elements (zinc, copper, selenium, iron) have been demonstrated key roles in supporting human reducing risk infections. Other essential nutrients including other elements, amino acids fatty also important. Each named above antibacterial antiviral defence, zinc selenium seem be particularly important latter. It would prudent individuals consume sufficient amounts support their help them pathogens should they become gut microbiota plays role educating regulating system. Gut dysbiosis feature disease many infectious diseases described COVID-19. Dietary approaches achieve healthy can benefit Severe infection respiratory epithelium lead acute distress syndrome (ARDS), characterised excessive damaging inflammation, termed cytokine storm. seen cases severe There evidence ARDS settings that storm controlled n-3 acids, possibly through metabolism pro-resolving mediators.

Language: Английский

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Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(12), P. 2749 - 2749

Published: June 14, 2023

The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy and high-fructose products. present review aims to describe the effect on metabolism, inflammation, antioxidant status; impact gut microbiota mitochondrial fitness; cardiovascular health, mental cancer; sanitary cost diet. To achieve this goal, consensus critical was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, secondary including bibliographic indexes, databases, web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, Web were used complete assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords “Western diet”, “inflammation”, “metabolic health”, fitness”, “heart disease”, “cancer”, “oxidative stress”, “mental “metabolism” used. following exclusion criteria applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane review’s focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings conferences, unpublished studies. This information will allow for better comprehension nutritional behavior its an individual’s metabolism well national systems. Finally, practical applications derived from are made.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Longevity

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 2028 - 2028

Published: June 12, 2021

The average life expectancy of the world population has increased remarkably in past 150 years and it is still increasing. A long a dream humans since beginning time but also to live good physical mental condition. Nutrition research focused on recent decades more food combination patterns than individual foods/nutrients due possible synergistic/antagonistic effects components dietary model. Various have been associated with health benefits, largest body evidence literature attributable traditional habits lifestyle followed by populations from Mediterranean region. After Seven Countries Study, many prospective observational studies trials diverse reinforced beneficial higher adherence diet reference prevention/management age-associated non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular metabolic neurodegenerative cancer, depression, respiratory fragility fractures. In addition, ecologically sustainable. Therefore, this immaterial heritage constitutes healthy way eating living respecting environment.

Language: Английский

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Insulin-Resistant Adolescents with Obesity: The Role of Nutrition Therapy and Food Supplements as a Strategy to Protect Fertility

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1848 - 1848

Published: May 28, 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in young reproductive-aged women. PCOS often associated with obesity and impairs reproductive health. Even though several theories have been proposed to explain pathogenic mechanism of PCOS, role insulin resistance (IR) as a key etiological component, independently (but amplified by) obesity, well recognized. The consequent hyperinsulinemia activates excessive ovarian androgen production, leading PCOS. Additionally, state chronic inflammation related impacts physiology due sensitivity impairment. first-line treatment for adolescents includes lifestyle changes; personalized dietary interventions; and, when needed, weight loss. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) use specific food supplements these patients aim at improving symptoms signs, including metabolic functions. purpose this narrative review present discuss its relationship IR MNT treatment. Appropriate early intervention management should be considered recommended approach restore ovulation protect fertility.

Language: Английский

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Anti-Inflammatory Nutrients and Obesity-Associated Metabolic-Inflammation: State of the Art and Future Direction

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1137 - 1137

Published: March 8, 2022

Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that dietary factors may play a role in systemic low-grade chronic inflammation. Summary from randomized controlled trials has shown substantial effects on biomarkers of inflammation following adoption plant-based diets (including, but not limited to, Mediterranean diet), while consistent findings have been reported for higher intakes whole grains, fruits, and vegetables positive trends observed consumption legumes, pulses, nuts, olive oil. Among animal food groups, dairy products to best benefits inflammation, red meat egg neutral effects. The present review provides an overview mechanisms underlying relation between immune system, with focus specific macronutrient non-nutrient phytochemicals (polyphenols) Substantial differences within each group explain conflicting results obtained regarding foods high saturated fats carbohydrates, subtypes molecules (i.e., short-chain fatty acids or fiber vs. long chain free added sugars) when exploring diet as well importance matrix commixture context patterns. Dietary polyphenols oligopeptides hypothesized exert several functions, including regulation inflammatory response system. Overall, suggests affect system regardless obesity-related

Language: Английский

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Nutrition as a Key Modifiable Factor for Periodontitis and Main Chronic Diseases

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 197 - 197

Published: Jan. 7, 2021

Nutrition is recognized as an essential component in the prevention of a number chronic diseases, including periodontal disease. Based on these considerations, better understanding required regarding how diet, and more particularly intake macronutrients micronutrients, could impact potential relationship between nutrition diseases diseases. To overcome this complexity, up-to-date literature review nutriments related to was performed. High-sugar, high-saturated fat, low-polyols, low-fiber low-polyunsaturated-fat causes increased risk This pattern nutrients classically found Western which considered ‘unhealthy’ diet that cardiovascular diabetes cancers. Conversely, low-sugar, high-fiber high-omega-6-to-omega-3 fatty acid ratio reduces The Mediterranean, DASH, vegetarian Okinawa diets correspond nutritional intakes are ‘healthy’ diets, reducing role such vitamin D, E, K magnesium, remains unclear, while others, A, B, C, calcium, zinc polyphenols have been shown prevent PDs. Some evidence suggests probiotics prebiotics promote health. Periodontal share, with time delay, factor. Thus, any change health should be warning signal control dietary quality patients thus reduce developing later on.

Language: Английский

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The promise of the gut microbiome as part of individualized treatment strategies

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 7 - 25

Published: Aug. 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of 207,291 Participants

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 174 - 174

Published: Dec. 30, 2021

We performed a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies assessing the association between UPF consumption adult mortality risk. A search was conducted using ISI Web Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus electronic databases from inception to August 2021. Data were extracted seven cohort (totaling 207,291 adults four countries). Using random-effects model, hazard ratios (HR) pooled outcomes estimated. Our results showed that related an enhanced risk all-cause (HR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.30; I2 21.9%; p < 0.001), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)-cause 1.50; 1.37, 1.63; 0.0%; heart-cause 1.66; 1.50, 1.85; 0.022), but not cancer-cause mortality. Furthermore, our findings revealed each 10% increase in daily calorie intake associated with 15% higher (OR 1.15; 1.09, 0.001). The analysis positive linear (Pnonlinearity 0.879, Pdose–response CVDs-cause 0.868, 0.774, It seems is significantly Despite this, further experimental are necessary draw more definite conclusion.

Language: Английский

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Nutraceuticals and Cancer: Potential for Natural Polyphenols

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 3834 - 3834

Published: Oct. 27, 2021

Cancer is one of the leading causes death globally, associated with multifactorial pathophysiological components. In particular, genetic mutations, infection or inflammation, unhealthy eating habits, exposition to radiation, work stress, and/or intake toxins have been found contribute development and progression cancer disease states. Early detection proper treatment enhance chances survival healing, but side effects anticancer drugs still produce detrimental responses that counteract benefits in terms hospitalization survival. Recently, several natural bioactive compounds were possess properties, capable killing transformed cancerous cells without being toxic their normal counterparts. This effect occurs when products are conventional treatments, thereby suggesting nutraceutical supplementation may successful therapy. review aims discuss current literature on four extracts mostly characterized by a specific polyphenolic profile. activities reported support treatment: (1) inhibition cell proliferation, (2) antioxidant activity, (3) anti-inflammatory activity. On other hand, owing attenuation therapies, antioxidants improving compliance patients undergoing treatment. Thus, supplementation, along drug treatment, be considered for better cancer. It should noted, however, data from studies plant preparations discussed, it appropriate ensure experiments conducted accordance accepted pharmacological research practices so as not disclose information only partially correct.

Language: Английский

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Microgreens—A Comprehensive Review of Bioactive Molecules and Health Benefits

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 867 - 867

Published: Jan. 15, 2023

Microgreens, a hypothesized term used for the emerging food product that is developed from various commercial crops, such as vegetables, grains, and herbs, consist of cotyledons along with partially expanded true leaves. These immature plants are harvested between 7–21 days (depending on variety). They treasured their densely packed nutrients, concentrated flavors, immaculate tender texture well vibrant colors. In recent years, microgreens demand high-end restaurant chefs nutritional researchers due to potent appealing sensory qualities, functionality, abundance in vitamins, minerals, other bioactive compounds, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, carotenoids, folate, tocotrienols, phylloquinones, anthocyanins, glucosinolates, etc. qualities attracted research attention use field human health nutrition. Increasing public concern regarding has prompted humans turn which show potential prevention malnutrition, inflammation, chronic ailments. This article focuses applications non-communicable diseases prevails current generation, emerged sedentary lifestyles, thus laying theoretical foundation people creating awareness switch recently introduced category vegetable providing great value development health-promoting diets microgreens.

Language: Английский

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