Breast Milk: A Source of Functional Compounds with Potential Application in Nutrition and Therapy

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 1026 - 1026

Published: March 22, 2021

Breast milk is an unbeatable food that covers all the nutritional requirements of infant in its different stages growth up to six months after birth. In addition, breastfeeding benefits both maternal and child health. Increasing knowledge has been acquired regarding composition breast milk. Epidemiological studies epigenetics allow us understand possible lifelong effects breastfeeding. this review we have compiled some components with clear functional activity are present human processes through which they promote development maturation as well modulate immunity. Milk fat globule membrane, proteins, oligosaccharides, factors, exosomes, or microorganisms use formulas, any other products, supplements, nutraceuticals, even for new clinical therapies. The evaluation these compounds their commercial exploitation limited by difficulty isolating producing them on adequate scale. work focus produced using from species such bovine, transgenic cattle capable expressing microbial culture engineering.

Language: Английский

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Human milk: From complex tailored nutrition to bioactive impact on child cognition and behavior

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 63(26), P. 7945 - 7982

Published: March 30, 2022

Human milk is a highly complex liquid food tailor-made to match an infant's needs. Beyond documented positive effects of breastfeeding on infant and maternal health, there increasing evidence that constituents also impact child neurodevelopment. Non-nutrient bioactives would contribute the (long-term) development cognition behavior, process termed 'Lactocrine Programming'. In this review we discuss current state field human composition its links with cognitive behavioral development. To promote state-of-the-art methodologies designs facilitate data pooling meta-analytic endeavors, present detailed recommendations best practices for future studies. Finally, determine important scientific gaps need be filled advance field, innovative directions research. Unveiling mechanisms underlying between behavior will deepen our understanding broad functions food, as well provide necessary information designing interventions.

Language: Английский

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Breast Milk and the Importance of Chrononutrition

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: May 12, 2022

During pregnancy the human fetus receives timed cues from circadian rhythms of temperature, metabolites, and hormones mother. This influence is interrupted after parturition, infant does not secrete melatonin their are still immature. However, evolution provided solution to this problem. The newborn can continue receiving mother's through breastmilk. Colostrum, transitional, mature milk extraordinary complex biofluids that besides nutrients, contain an array other non-nutritive components. Upon birth first milk, colostrum, rich in bioactive, immunological factors, oligosaccharides which help proper establishment microbiome gut, crucial for infants' health. Hormones, such as glucocorticoids melatonin, transfer plasma then exposed Also, components fat, proteins, amino acids, endogenous cannabinoids, among others, have a markedly different concentration between day night. In present review, we give overview nutritive daily explore physiological importance infant. Finally, highlight some interventions with approach emphasize survival, growth, development. It estimated ~600,000 deaths/year due suboptimal breastfeeding. advisable increase rate exclusive breastfeeding, during night, was established by our species.

Language: Английский

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Changes in Human Milk Fat Globule Composition Throughout Lactation: A Review

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: May 12, 2022

There has been a growing interest in understanding how the relative levels of human milk fat globule (MFG) components change over course lactation, they differ between populations, and implications these changes for health infant. In this article, we describe studies published last 30 years which have investigated MFG term milk, focusing on lactation highlighting infant maternal factors that may influence changes. We then consider potential benefits some membrane (MFGM) derived ingredients relate to compositional functional aspects throughout lactation. The results show concentrations phospholipids, gangliosides, cholesterol, fatty acids proteins vary such are likely reflect changing requirements is lack consistent trends phospholipids gangliosides across different methodological approaches. Other as diet geographical location shown MFGM composition. majority research conducted using from bovine animal models clearly demonstrated role supporting cognitive immune infants at stages growth development.

Language: Английский

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Ecologies, synergies, and biological systems shaping human milk composition—a report from “Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)” Working Group 2

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 117, P. S28 - S42

Published: May 1, 2023

Human milk is universally recognized as the preferred food for infants during first 6 mo of life because it provides not only essential and conditionally nutrients in necessary amounts but also other biologically active components that are instrumental protecting, communicating important information to support, promoting optimal development growth infants. Despite decades research, however, multifaceted impacts human consumption on infant health far from understood a biological or physiological basis. Reasons this lack comprehensive knowledge functions numerous, including fact tend be studied isolation, although there reason believe they interact. In addition, composition can vary greatly within an individual well among populations. The objective working group Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis Infant Nutrition (BEGIN) Project was provide overview composition, factors impacting its variation, how may function coordinately nourish, protect, communicate complex recipient infant. Moreover, we discuss ways whereby might interact such benefits intact matrix greater than sum parts. We then apply several examples illustrate better thought system rather more simplistic "mixture" independent synergistically support health.

Language: Английский

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Human Milk Bioactive Components and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First 2 Years: A Systematic Review

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 100127 - 100127

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

Human milk (HM) contains macronutrients, micronutrients, and a multitude of other bioactive factors, which can have long-term impact on infant growth development. We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web Science to synthesize evidence published between 1980 2022 HM components anthropometry through 2 y age among term-born infants. From 9992 abstracts screened, 141 articles were included categorized based their reporting or components. Bioactives including hormones, oligosaccharides (HMOs), immunomodulatory are reported here, 75 from 69 unique studies observations 9980 dyads. Research designs, collection strategies, sampling times, geographic socioeconomic settings, practices, outcomes varied considerably. Meta-analyses not possible because data times inconsistent the included. Few measured intake, adjusted for confounders, precisely captured breastfeeding exclusivity, adequately described protocols. Only 5 (6%) had high overall quality scores. Hormones most extensively examined with 46 (n = 6773 dyads), compared 13 2640 dyads) HMOs 12 1422 Two conducted untargeted metabolomics. Leptin adiponectin demonstrated inverse associations growth, although several found no associations. No consistent individual outcomes. Among in HM, IL-6 relationships growth. Current research bioactives is largely inconclusive insufficient address complex composition HM. Future should ideally capture use biologically relevant anthropometrics, integrate across categories, embracing systems biology approach better understand how work independently synergistically influence

Language: Английский

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Circadian rhythm disruption in critically ill patients

Acta Physiologica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 238(1)

Published: March 14, 2023

Abstract Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are in need of continuous organ replacement strategies and specialized care, for example because neurological dysfunction, cardio‐pulmonary instability, liver or kidney failure, trauma, hemorrhagic septic shock even preterm birth. The 24‐h nursing interventions provided critically ill patients significantly limit resting and/or recovery phases. Consecutively, patient's endogenous circadian rhythms misaligned disrupted, which turn may interfere with their critical condition. A more thorough understanding complex interactions effectors tissue‐specific molecular clocks could therefore serve as potential means enhancing personalized treatment patients, conceivably restoring network thus accelerating physical neurocognitive recovery. This review addresses overarching issue how affected disturbed newborns adults ICU, whether conflicting external environmental cues ICU environment further promote disruption severity illness. We direct special attention influence cell‐type specific on dysfunctions such brain pneumonia‐ ventilator‐associated lung inflammation, cardiovascular shock. Finally, we address rhythm stabilization enhance accelerate clinical

Language: Английский

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Bioactive Components of Human Milk and Their Impact on Child’s Health and Development, Literature Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(10), P. 1487 - 1487

Published: May 14, 2024

The composition of human breast milk is an ideal combination substances necessary for the healthy development infant’s body while protecting from pathogens and balanced microbiota. Its dynamic changes with age child, meeting their current needs. study provides a thorough overview components, such as immunological growth factors, hormones, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, vitamins. Authors focus on capturing most important aspects effects these newborn’s body, also looking specific connections describing given systems. Supplementation use ingredients are discussed. purpose this paper to present state knowledge about bioactive components impact growth, development, health young child.

Language: Английский

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Breastfeeding and the developmental origins of mucosal immunity: how human milk shapes the innate and adaptive mucosal immune systems

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(6), P. 547 - 556

Published: Sept. 22, 2021

Breastfeeding provides passive immunity while the neonatal immune system matures, and may also protect against chronic immune-mediated conditions long after weaning. This review summarizes current knowledge new discoveries about human milk mucosal immunity.

Language: Английский

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Parental factors that impact the ecology of human mammary development, milk secretion, and milk composition—a report from “Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)” Working Group 1

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 117, P. S11 - S27

Published: May 1, 2023

The goal of Working Group 1 in the Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis Infant Nutrition (BEGIN) Project was to outline factors influencing biological processes governing human milk secretion and evaluate our current knowledge these processes. Many regulate mammary gland development utero, during puberty, pregnancy, through secretory activation, at weaning. These include breast anatomy, vasculature, diet, lactating parent's hormonal milieu including estrogen, progesterone, placental lactogen, cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone. We examine effects time day postpartum interval on secretion, along with role mechanisms parent-infant interactions bonding, particular attention actions oxytocin pleasure systems brain. then consider potential clinical conditions infection, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, cardiovascular health, inflammatory states, mastitis, particularly, gestational diabetes obesity. Although we know a great deal about transporter by which zinc calcium pass from blood stream into milk, cellular localization transporters that carry substrates such as glucose, amino acids, copper, many other trace metals present across plasma intracellular membranes require more research. pose question how cultured alveolar cells animal models can help answer lingering questions regulation secretion. raise parent infant microbiome immune system development, molecules protection pathogens. Finally, effect medications, recreational illicit drugs, pesticides, endocrine-disrupting chemicals composition, emphasizing this area needs much research attention.

Language: Английский

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