Melatonin and the Skin: Current Progress and Perspectives for Human Health

Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Innate Receptor Activation Patterns Involving TLR and NLR Synergisms in COVID-19, ALI/ARDS and Sepsis Cytokine Storms: A Review and Model Making Novel Predictions and Therapeutic Suggestions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 2108 - 2108

Published: Feb. 20, 2021

Severe COVID-19 is characterized by a "cytokine storm", the mechanism of which not yet understood. I propose that cytokine storms result from synergistic interactions among Toll-like receptors (TLR) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like (NLR) due to combined infections SARS-CoV-2 with other microbes, mainly bacterial fungal. This proposition based on eight linked types evidence their logical connections. (1) cases differ healthy controls mild patients in exhibiting increased TLR4, TLR7, TLR9 NLRP3 activity. (2) related coronaviruses activate TLR3, RIG1 NLRP3. (3) cannot, therefore, account for innate receptor activation pattern (IRAP) found severe patients. (4) also differs its form being fungal infections. (5) Respiratory TLR2, (6) A combination bacterial/fungal coinfections accounts IRAP why it cases. (7) Notably, TLR7 (viral) TLR4 (bacterial/fungal) synergize, (both bacterial/fungal) synergize TLR2 (viral bacterial). (8) Thus, SARS-CoV-2-bacterium/fungus coinfection produces activation, resulting hyperinflammation characteristic storm. Unique clinical, experimental therapeutic predictions (such as melatonin effective treating COVID-19) are discussed, broader implications outlined understanding syndromes such acute lung injury, respiratory distress syndrome sepsis display varied storm symptoms.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Implications of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Process in SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis: Therapeutic Potential of Natural Antioxidants

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 26, 2021

COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease with devastating economic and public health impacts globally. Being novel disease, current research focused on clearer understanding of the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis viable therapeutic strategies. Oxidative stress inflammation are intertwined processes that play roles progression response to therapy via interference multiple signaling pathways. The redox status host cell an important factor viral entry due unique conditions required for conformational changes ensure binding virus into cell. Upon airways, replication occurs innate immune system responds by activating macrophage dendritic cells which contribute inflammation. This review examines available literature proposes oxidative could pathogenesis. Further, certain antioxidants currently undergoing some form trial patients corresponding gaps highlighted show how targeting ameliorate severity.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of a Low Dose of Melatonin as an Adjunctive Therapy in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial

Archives of Medical Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 79 - 85

Published: June 23, 2021

Language: Английский

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Can Melatonin Be a Potential “Silver Bullet” in Treating COVID-19 Patients?

Diseases, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 44 - 44

Published: Nov. 26, 2020

The therapeutic potential of melatonin as a chronobiotic cytoprotective agent to counteract the consequences COVID-19 infections has been advocated. Because its wide-ranging effects an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory compound, could be unique in impairing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, indirect evidence points out possible antiviral action by interfering with SARS-CoV-2/angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 association. Melatonin is also effective reverse circadian disruption social isolation control delirium severely affected patients. As cytoprotector, serves combat several comorbidities such diabetes, metabolic syndrome, ischemic non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases, which aggravate disease. In view on occurrence neurological sequels COVID-19-infected patients, another putative application emerges based neuroprotective properties. Since means cognitive decay minimal impairment, significance for infection should considered. Finally, yet importantly, exogenous can adjuvant capable augmenting efficacy anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We discuss this review experimental suggesting that “silver bullet” COVID 19 pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin effects on sleep quality and outcomes of COVID‐19 patients: An open‐label, randomized, controlled trial

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 94(1), P. 263 - 271

Published: Aug. 30, 2021

Abstract This trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of adding melatonin treatment protocol hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. was an open‐label, randomized controlled clinical in COVID‐19 Patients were into a arm receiving plus standard care or control alone. The trial's primary endpoint sleep quality examined by Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ). secondary endpoints symptoms alleviation Day 7, intensive unit admission, 10‐day mortality, white blood cell count, lymphocyte C‐reactive protein status, and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation. Ninety‐six patients recruited allocated either ( n = 48) 48). Baseline characteristics similar across arms. There no significant difference on 7. mean LSEQ scores significantly higher group p < 0.001). laboratory data, except for saturation, which has improved compared with (95.81% vs. 93.65% respectively, 0.003). study showed that combination oral tablets could substantially improve saturation

Language: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms of Melatonin-Mediated Cell Protection and Signaling in Health and Disease

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 129 - 129

Published: Jan. 20, 2021

Melatonin, an endogenously synthesized indolamine, is a powerful antioxidant exerting beneficial action in many pathological conditions. Melatonin protects from oxidative stress ischemic/reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging, decreases inflammation, modulates the immune system, inhibits proliferation, counteracts Warburg effect, promotes apoptosis various cancer models. stimulates enzymes cells, mitochondrial membrane phospholipids, especially cardiolipin, oxidation thus preserving integrity of membranes, affects potential, activity respiratory chain enzymes, opening permeability transition pore cytochrome

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Pathophysiology Predicts That Ischemic Stroke Occurrence Is an Expectation, Not an Exception—A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 28, 2021

Clinical reports of neurological manifestations associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), such as acute ischemic stroke (AIS), encephalopathy, seizures, headaches, necrotizing encephalitis, cerebral microbleeds, posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, peripheral neuropathy, cranial nerve palsies, transverse myelitis, and demyelinating disorders, are increasing rapidly. However, there comparatively few studies investigating the potential impact immunological responses secondary to hypoxia, oxidative stress, excessive platelet-induced aggregation on brain. This scoping review has focused pathophysiological mechanisms consequential neural (central) inflammation leading COVID-19-related strokes. It also highlights common biological processes shared between AIS COVID-19 infection importance recognition that respiratory dysfunction impairments COVID chronic [post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCNS)] may significantly recovery ability benefit from neurorehabilitation. study provides a comprehensive pathobiology stroke. affirms contribution pathophysiology is predictive sequelae particularly stroke, which makes it expectation rather than exception. work fundamental significance neurorehabilitation community given number COVID-related strokes, current limited knowledge regarding risk reinfection, recent PCNS. further need for global collaboration research into new pathobiology-based treatment strategies more integrated evidence-based care.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses negatively influence mitochondrial quality control: beneficial effects of melatonin

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 224, P. 107825 - 107825

Published: March 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Targeting Host Defense System and Rescuing Compromised Mitochondria to Increase Tolerance against Pathogens by Melatonin May Impact Outcome of Deadly Virus Infection Pertinent to COVID-19

Molecules, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 25(19), P. 4410 - 4410

Published: Sept. 25, 2020

Fighting infectious diseases, particularly viral infections, is a demanding task for human health. Targeting the pathogens or targeting host are different strategies, but with an identical purpose, i.e., to curb pathogen’s spreading and cure illness. It appears that increase tolerance against can be of substantial advantage strategy used in evolution. Practically, it has broader protective spectrum than only specific pathogens, which differ terms susceptibility. Methods applied one pandemic even effective upcoming pandemics pathogens. This more urgent if we consider possible concomitance two respiratory diseases potential multi-organ afflictions such as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seasonal flu. Melatonin molecule enhance host’s pathogen invasions. Due its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory activities, melatonin capacity reduce severity mortality deadly virus infections including COVID-19. synthesized functions mitochondria, play critical role infections. Not surprisingly, synthesis become target strategies manipulate mitochondrial status. For example, infection switch energy metabolism from respiration widely anaerobic glycolysis plenty oxygen available (the Warburg effect) when cell cannot generate acetyl-coenzyme A, metabolite required biosynthesis. Under some conditions, aging, gender, predisposed health already compromised exposed further challenges, lose their producing sufficient amounts melatonin. leads reduced support makes these individuals vulnerable diseases. Thus, maintenance function by supplementation expected beneficial effects on outcome

Language: Английский

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