Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Feb. 3, 2023
Macrophages
have
a
wide
variety
of
roles
in
physiological
and
pathological
conditions,
making
them
promising
diagnostic
therapeutic
targets
diseases,
especially
metabolic
disorders,
which
attracted
considerable
attention
recent
years.
Owing
to
their
heterogeneity
polarization,
the
phenotypes
functions
macrophages
related
disorders
are
diverse
complicated.
In
past
three
decades,
rapid
progress
macrophage
research
has
benefited
from
emergence
specific
molecular
markers
delineate
different
elucidate
role
disorders.
this
review,
we
analyze
applications
commonly
used
novel
facilitating
better
use
these
disorder
research.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: Aug. 18, 2023
Abstract
Short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
are
the
main
metabolites
produced
by
bacterial
fermentation
of
dietary
fibre
in
gastrointestinal
tract.
The
absorption
SCFAs
is
mediated
substrate
transporters,
such
as
monocarboxylate
transporter
1
and
sodium-coupled
1,
which
promote
cellular
metabolism.
An
increasing
number
studies
have
implicated
microorganisms
crucial
executors
diet-based
microbial
influence
on
host.
important
fuels
for
intestinal
epithelial
cells
(IECs)
represent
a
major
carbon
flux
from
diet,
that
decomposed
gut
microbiota.
play
vital
role
multiple
molecular
biological
processes,
promoting
secretion
glucagon-like
peptide-1
IECs
to
inhibit
elevation
blood
glucose,
expression
G
protein-coupled
receptors
GPR41
GPR43,
inhibiting
histone
deacetylases,
participate
regulation
proliferation,
differentiation,
function
IECs.
affect
motility,
barrier
function,
host
Furthermore,
regulatory
roles
local,
intermediate,
peripheral
metabolisms.
Acetate,
propionate,
butyrate
SCFAs,
they
involved
immunity,
apoptosis,
inflammation,
lipid
Herein,
we
review
diverse
functional
this
class
reflect
their
ability
intestine,
metabolic,
other
diseases.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(3), P. 817 - 817
Published: March 2, 2021
Plant-based
diets
(PBDs)
are
increasingly
consumed
by
the
Italian
population
and
around
world.
In
particular,
among
PBDs,
vegan
diet
is
a
food
pattern
characterized
exclusion
of
all
animal-origin
foods.
What
drives
people
to
adopt
this
model
mainly
ethical,
health
environmental
reasons.
A
diet,
if
well-balanced
varied,
can
help
in
achieving
maintaining
an
optimal
state
health.
However,
nutritional
approach,
not
well-balanced,
cause
deficiencies
proteins,
ω-3
fatty
acids,
iron,
vitamin
D
calcium,
zinc,
iodine
and,
above
all,
B12.
Oral
supplements
especially
fortified
foods
recommended
these
cases
restore
deficiencies.
generally
reduces
risk
developing
chronic
non-communicable
degenerative
diseases,
such
as
metabolic
syndrome
(MetS)
addition,
requires
fewer
natural
resources
for
production
than
omnivorous
diet.
The
aim
review
analyze
possible
impact
on
MetS
onset
its
treatment.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(3), P. 640 - 640
Published: Jan. 26, 2023
The
definition
of
metabolic
syndrome
(MetS)
has
undergone
several
changes
over
the
years
due
to
difficulty
in
establishing
universal
criteria
for
it.
Underlying
disorders
related
MetS
is
almost
invariably
a
pro-inflammatory
state
altered
glucose
metabolism,
which
could
lead
elevated
cardiovascular
risk.
Indeed,
complications
closely
are
diseases
(CVDs)
and
type
2
diabetes
(T2D).
It
been
observed
that
predisposition
modulated
by
complex
interactions
between
human
microbiota,
genetic
factors,
diet.
This
review
provides
summary
last
decade
literature
three
principal
aspects
MetS:
(i)
syndrome’s
classification,
pathophysiology,
treatment
approaches;
(ii)
prediction
diagnosis
underlying
biomarkers
identified
means
advanced
methodologies
(NMR,
LC/GC-MS,
LC,
LC-MS);
(iii)
role
foods
food
components
prevention
and/or
MetS,
demonstrating
possible
specific
intake
development
MetS.
Life,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(5), P. 559 - 559
Published: April 26, 2024
The
gastrointestinal
tract
is
home
to
trillions
of
diverse
microorganisms
collectively
known
as
the
gut
microbiota,
which
play
a
pivotal
role
in
breaking
down
undigested
foods,
such
dietary
fibers.
Through
fermentation
these
food
components,
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
acetate,
propionate,
and
butyrate
are
produced,
offering
numerous
health
benefits
host.
production
absorption
SCFAs
occur
through
various
mechanisms
within
human
intestine,
contingent
upon
types
fibers
reaching
specific
engaged
fermentation.
Medical
literature
extensively
documents
supplementation
SCFAs,
particularly
butyrate,
treatment
gastrointestinal,
metabolic,
cardiovascular,
gut-brain-related
disorders.
This
review
seeks
provide
an
overview
dynamics
involved
gut.
Additionally,
it
will
focus
on
roles
promoting
metabolic
health,
well
their
current
therapeutic
implications.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(20), P. 15485 - 15485
Published: Oct. 23, 2023
In
the
last
decade,
an
increasing
awareness
was
directed
to
role
of
Vitamin
D
in
non-skeletal
and
preventive
roles
for
chronic
diseases.
is
essential
hormone
regulating
calcium/phosphorous
balance
pathogenesis
inflammation,
insulin
resistance,
obesity.
The
main
forms
vitamin
D,
Cholecalciferol
(Vitamin
D3)
Ergocalciferol
D2)
are
converted
into
active
form
(1,25-dihydroxyvitamin
D)
thanks
two
hydroxylations
liver,
kidney,
pancreas,
immune
cells.
Some
anti-inflammatory
cytokines
produced
at
higher
levels
by
while
some
pro-inflammatory
released
lower
levels.
Toll-Like
Receptor
(TLR)
expression
increased,
a
state
also
linked
low
D.
Regardless
how
it
affects
various
pathways
suggest
that
directly
improves
sensitivity
secretion.
level
body
may
change
ratio
pro-
cytokines,
which
would
impact
action,
lipid
metabolism,
development
function
adipose
tissue.
Many
studies
have
demonstrated
inverse
relationship
between
concentrations
markers,
glucose
intolerance,
metabolic
syndrome,
obesity,
cardiovascular
disease.
It
interesting
note
several
long-term
revealed
correlation
occurrence
diabetes
mellitus.
supplementation
people
has
controversial
effects.
While
improvements
sensitivity,
glucose,
others
no
significant
effect
on
glycemic
homeostasis
inflammation.
This
review
aims
provide
insight
molecular
basis
type
1
2
diabetes,
gestational
Nature Mental Health,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
2(5), P. 535 - 552
Published: April 1, 2024
Abstract
Food
preferences
significantly
influence
dietary
choices,
yet
understanding
natural
patterns
in
populations
remains
limited.
Here
we
identifiy
four
subtypes
by
applying
data-driven
approaches
to
food-liking
data
from
181,990
UK
Biobank
participants:
‘starch-free
or
reduced-starch’
(subtype
1),
‘vegetarian’
2),
‘high
protein
and
low
fiber’
3)
‘balanced’
4).
These
varied
diverse
brain
health
domains.
The
individuals
with
a
balanced
diet
demonstrated
better
mental
superior
cognitive
functions
relative
other
three
subtypes.
Compared
subtype
4,
3
displayed
lower
gray
matter
volumes
regions
such
as
the
postcentral
gyrus,
while
2
showed
higher
thalamus
precuneus.
Genome-wide
association
analyses
identified
16
genes
different
between
enriched
biological
processes
related
cognition.
findings
provide
new
insights
into
naturally
developed
patterns,
highlighting
importance
of
for
health.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(14), P. 2220 - 2220
Published: July 11, 2024
Non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD)
is
a
common
long-lasting
that
affects
millions
of
people
around
the
world.
It
best
identified
with
hepatic
fat
build-up
ultimately
leads
to
inflammation
and
damage.
The
classification
nomenclature
NAFLD
have
long
been
controversial
topic,
until
2020
when
group
international
experts
recommended
substituting
MAFLD
(metabolic
dysfunction-associated
FLD).
was
then
terminologically
complemented
in
2023
by
altering
it
MASLD,
i.e.,
metabolic
steatotic
(MASLD).
Both
MASLD
terminologies
comprise
element
disorder,
as
they
offer
diagnostic
benchmarks
are
embedded
risk
factors
underlie
disease.
(as
multisystemic
disease)
provides
comprehensive
definition
includes
larger
population
patients
who
at
morbidity
mortality,
well
adverse
cardiovascular
diabetes
outcomes.
highlights
risks
lean
or
normal
weight
individuals,
factor
has
not
accentuated
discussed
previous
guidelines.
Novel
antihyperglycemic
agents,
anti-hyperlipidemic
drugs,
lifestyle
modifications,
nutritional
interventions,
exercise
therapies
extensively
studied
MASLD.
Nutrition
plays
vital
role
managing
both
conditions,
where
centralizing
on
diet
rich
whole
vegetables,
fruits,
foods,
healthy
fats,
proteins,
specific
nutrients
(e.g.,
omega-3
acids
fibers)
can
improve
insulin
resistance
reduce
inflammation.
Thus,
essential
understand
nutrition
these
conditions
work
develop
an
individualized
plan
for
optimal
health.
This
review
discusses
prevention
strategies
NAFLD/MAFLD/MASLD
management,
particular
attention
correction.
Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
39(2), P. 47 - 58
Published: June 1, 2024
The
completion
of
the
Human
Genome
Project
in
2003
marked
beginning
a
transformative
era
medicine.
This
milestone
laid
foundation
for
personalized
medicine,
an
innovative
approach
that
customizes
healthcare
treatments.
