Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 524 - 524

Published: May 7, 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative associated with human aging. Ten percent of individuals over 65 years have AD and its prevalence continues to rise increasing age. There are currently no effective modifying treatments for AD, resulting in increasingly large socioeconomic personal costs. Increasing age an increase low-grade chronic inflammation (inflammaging) that may contribute the process AD. Although exact mechanisms remain unclear, aberrant elevation reactive oxygen nitrogen species (RONS) levels from several endogenous exogenous processes brain not only affect cell signaling, but also trigger cellular senescence, inflammation, pyroptosis. Moreover, compromised immune privilege allows infiltration peripheral cells infectious agents play role. Additionally, meta-inflammation as well gut microbiota dysbiosis drive neuroinflammatory process. Considering inflammatory/immune pathways dysregulated parallel cognitive dysfunction elucidating relationship between central nervous system facilitate development safe therapy We discuss some current ideas on inflammaging appear summarize details few immunomodulatory strategies being developed selectively target detrimental aspects neuroinflammation without affecting defense against pathogens tissue damage.

Language: Английский

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The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Diagnosis to Treatment

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 668 - 668

Published: Feb. 5, 2022

Gut microbiota is emerging as a key regulator of many disease conditions and its dysregulation implicated in the pathogenesis several gastrointestinal extraintestinal disorders. More recently, gut microbiome alterations have been linked to neurodegeneration through increasingly defined brain axis, opening possibility for new microbiota-based therapeutic options. Although studies conducted unravel possible relationship between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) progression, diagnostic potential approaches aiming at restoring eubiosis remain be fully addressed. In this narrative review, we briefly summarize role homeostasis health disease, present evidence AD patients. Based on these observations, then discuss how dysbiosis might exploited tool early advanced stages, examine prebiotics, probiotics, fecal transplantation, diets complementary interventions thus offering insights into diagnosis treatment devastating progressive disease.

Language: Английский

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Roles and Mechanisms of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 28, 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by a decline in cognitive function and neuronal loss, caused several factors. Numerous clinical experimental studies have suggested involvement of gut microbiota dysbiosis patients with AD. The altered can influence brain behavior through microbiota-gut-brain axis via various pathways such as increased amyloid-β deposits tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, metabolic dysfunctions, chronic oxidative stress. With no current effective therapy to cure AD, modulation may be promising therapeutic option prevent or delay onset AD counteract its progression. Our present review summarizes alterations pathogenetic roles mechanisms microbiota-targeted therapies for Understanding between will help decipher pathogenesis from novel perspectives shed light on strategies

Language: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Progression

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 1869 - 1869

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Aging is the most prominent risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. associates with a chronic inflammatory state both in periphery and central nervous system, evidence thereof mechanisms leading to neuroinflammation being discussed. Nonetheless, significantly enhanced by accumulation of amyloid beta accelerates progression disease through various pathways discussed present review. Decades clinical trials targeting 2 abnormal proteins disease, tau, led many failures. As such, via different strategies could prove valuable therapeutic strategy, although much research still needed identify appropriate time window. Active focusing on identifying early biomarkers help translating these novel from bench bedside.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Microbiome in Brain Development and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Molecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(11), P. 3402 - 3402

Published: May 25, 2022

Hundreds of billions commensal microorganisms live in and on our bodies, most which colonize the gut shortly after birth stay there for rest lives. In animal models, bidirectional communications between central nervous system microbiota (Gut-Brain Axis) have been extensively studied, it is clear that changes composition play a vital role pathogenesis various neurodevelopmental neurodegenerative disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral anxiety, stress, so on. The makeup microbiome impacted by variety factors, genetics, health status, method delivery, environment, nutrition, exercise, present understanding its metabolites preservation brain functioning development aforementioned neurological illnesses summarized this review article. Furthermore, we discuss current breakthroughs use probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics to address illnesses. Moreover, also discussed boron-based diet memory, boron relation, anti-inflammatory agents, diseases. addition, coming years, reagents will significant improve dysbiosis open new areas researchers.

Language: Английский

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Gut-derived β-amyloid: Likely a centerpiece of the gut–brain axis contributing to Alzheimer’s pathogenesis

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2023

Peripheral β-amyloid (Aβ), including those contained in the gut, may contribute to formation of Aβ plaques brain, and gut microbiota appears exert an impact on Alzheimer's disease (AD) via gut-brain axis, although detailed mechanisms are not clearly defined. The current study focused uncovering potential interactions among gut-derived aging, microbiota, AD pathogenesis. To achieve this goal, expression levels several key proteins involved metabolism were initially assessed mouse with results confirmed human tissue. demonstrated that a high level was detected throughout both mice human, Aβ42 increased age wild type mutant amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice. Next, microbiome characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing, we found altered significantly aged APP/PS1 fecal transplantation (FMT) BACE1 levels. Intra-intestinal injection isotope or fluorescence labeled combined vagotomy also performed investigate transmission from brain. data showed that, mice, transported brain mainly blood rather than vagal nerve. Furthermore, FMT induced neuroinflammation, phenotype mimics early pathology. Taken together, suggests is likely critical source can further upregulate production, thereby potentially contributing

Language: Английский

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Emerging role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 15, 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a chronic age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by neuroinflammation and extracellular aggregation of Aβ peptide. affects every 1 in 14 individuals aged 65 years above. Recent studies suggest that the intestinal microbiota plays crucial role modulating neuro-inflammation which turn influences deposition. The gut brain interact with each other through nervous system chemical means via blood-brain barrier, termed Microbiota Gut Brain Axis (MGBA). It suggested can impact host's health, numerous factors, such as nutrition, pharmacological interventions, lifestyle, geographic location, alter composition. Although, exact relationship between dysbiosis AD still elusive, several mechanisms have been proposed drivers their implications pathology, include, action bacteria produce bacterial amyloids lipopolysaccharides causing macrophage dysfunction leading to increased permeability, hyperimmune activation inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, NLRP3), impairment gut- blood barrier deposition brain, etc. study micro-organisms associated aid appropriate model organisms has recognized phyla Bacteroidetes Firmicutes contain genus Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Clostridium , etc., contribute significantly pathology. Modulating various means, use prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics or fecal matter transplantation, thought be potential therapeutic intervention for treatment AD. This review aims summarize our current knowledge on possible dysbiosis, axis neuroinflammation, application novel targeted approaches modulate

Language: Английский

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The gut-brain vascular axis in neuroinflammation

Seminars in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69, P. 101802 - 101802

Published: July 7, 2023

The multifaceted microbiota characterizing our gut plays a crucial role in maintaining immune, metabolic and tissue homeostasis of the intestine as well distal organs, including central nervous system. Microbial dysbiosis is reported several inflammatory intestinal diseases characterized by impairment epithelial vascular barriers, defined leaky gut, it potential danger condition associated with development metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, we pointed out strict connection between brain via novel axis. Here want to deepen knowledge on gut-brain axis, particular emphasis microbial dysbiosis, cerebral firm association axis will be summarized context protection, amelioration or boosting Alzheimer, Parkinson, Major depressive Anxiety disorders. Understanding relationship disease pathophysiology, mucosal barrier function host-microbe interaction foster use microbiome biomarker for health target therapeutic nutritional advances.

Language: Английский

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The Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Metabolites in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Disorders of Cognitive Decline

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 663 - 663

Published: March 7, 2023

Flavonoids are a biodiverse family of dietary compounds that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial cell protective profiles. They received considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents in biomedicine been widely used traditional complimentary medicine for generations. Such medical herbal formulations extremely complex mixtures many pharmacologically active provide outcome through network pharmacological effects complexity. Methods emerging to determine the components their targets decipher complexities how pharmacology provides such effects. The gut microbiome has important roles play generation bioactive flavonoid metabolites retaining or exceeding antioxidative anti-inflammatory properties intact and, some cases, new antitumor antineurodegenerative bioactivities. Certain food items identified with high prebiotic profiles suggesting neutraceutical supplementation may be beneficially employed preserve healthy population bacterial symbiont species minimize establishment harmful pathogenic organisms. Gut health is an consideration effecting overall wellbeing linked organ systems. Bioconversion generates can also transported by vagus nerve systemic circulation brain populations exert beneficial effect. This particularly number neurological disorders (autism, bipolar disorder, AD, PD) characterized on moods, resulting depression anxiety, impaired motor function, long-term cognitive decline. Native flavonoids alleviation inflammation tissues, however, concerns raised levels not achieved, thus allowing them display optimal Dietary manipulation vagal stimulation both yielded responses treatment autism spectrum disorders, depression, establishing route communication gut-brain axis established disease intervention. While native known penetrate blood–brain barrier, microbiome-generated (e.g., protocatechuic acid, urolithins, γ-valerolactones), which retain antioxidant potency addition promote mitochondrial cerebrovascular microcapillary should considered biotherapeutic agents. Studies warranted experimentally examine efficacy directly, they emerge novel options.

Language: Английский

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The interaction between ageing and Alzheimer's disease: insights from the hallmarks of ageing

Translational Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Abstract Ageing is a crucial risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and characterised by systemic changes in both intracellular extracellular microenvironments that affect the entire body instead of single organ. Understanding specific mechanisms underlying role ageing development can facilitate treatment ageing-related diseases, such as AD. Signs brain have been observed AD patients animal models. Alleviating pathological caused dramatically ameliorate amyloid beta- tau-induced neuropathological memory impairments, indicating plays pathophysiological process In this review, we summarize impact several age-related factors on propose preventing promising strategy improving cognitive health.

Language: Английский

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