Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: July 12, 2023

Abstract Studies in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s so on, have suggested that inflammation is not only a result of neurodegeneration but also crucial player this process. Protein aggregates which are very common pathological phenomenon can induce neuroinflammation further aggravates protein aggregation neurodegeneration. Actually, even happens earlier than aggregation. Neuroinflammation induced by genetic variations CNS cells or peripheral immune may deposition some susceptible population. Numerous signaling pathways range been to be involved the pathogenesis neurodegeneration, although they still far from being completely understood. Due limited success traditional treatment methods, blocking enhancing inflammatory considered promising strategies for therapy many them got exciting results animal models clinical trials. Some them, few, approved FDA usage. Here we comprehensively review factors affecting major pathogenicity sclerosis. We summarize current strategies, both clinic, diseases.

Language: Английский

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Malnutrition in Older Adults—Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 2764 - 2764

Published: Aug. 12, 2021

Malnutrition in older adults has been recognised as a challenging health concern associated with not only increased mortality and morbidity, but also physical decline, which wide ranging acute implications for activities of daily living quality life general. is common may contribute to the development geriatric syndromes adults. old reflected by either involuntary weight loss or low body mass index, hidden deficiencies such micronutrient are more difficult assess therefore frequently overlooked community-dwelling old. In developed countries, most cited cause malnutrition disease, both chronic disorders have potential result aggravate malnutrition. Therefore, higher age one risk factor developing highest being at nutritional becoming malnourished. However, aetiology complex multifactorial, likely facilitated ageing processes. This comprehensive narrative review summarizes current evidence on prevalence determinants spanning from age-related changes disease-associated factors, outlines remaining challenges understanding, identification well treatment malnutrition, some cases include targeted supplementation macro- and/or micronutrients, when diet alone sufficient meet age-specific requirements.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondria as a Cellular Hub in Infection and Inflammation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(21), P. 11338 - 11338

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

Mitochondria are the energy center of cell. They found in cell cytoplasm as dynamic networks where they adapt production based on cell’s needs. also at proinflammatory response and have essential roles against pathogenic infections. a major site for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS; or free radicals), which to fight infection. However, excessive uncontrolled can become deleterious cell, leading mitochondrial tissue damage. Pathogens exploit role mitochondria during infection by affecting oxidative phosphorylation mechanism (OXPHOS), network disrupting communication between nucleus mitochondria. The these biological processes makes organelle good targets development therapeutic strategies. In this review, we presented summary endosymbiotic origin their involvement pathogen response, well potential promising infectious diseases chronic inflammatory diseases.

Language: Английский

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Solving neurodegeneration: common mechanisms and strategies for new treatments

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: March 21, 2022

Across neurodegenerative diseases, common mechanisms may reveal novel therapeutic targets based on neuronal protection, repair, or regeneration, independent of etiology site disease pathology. To address these and discuss emerging treatments, in April, 2021, Glaucoma Research Foundation, BrightFocus the Melza M. Frank Theodore Barr Foundation collaborated to bring together key opinion leaders experts field for a virtual meeting titled "Solving Neurodegeneration". This "think-tank" style focused uncovering mechanistic roots promising new catalyzed by goal finding treatments glaucoma, world's leading cause irreversible blindness interest three hosting foundations. Glaucoma, which causes vision loss through degeneration optic nerve, likely shares early cellular molecular events with other diseases central nervous system. Here we major areas overlap between system: neuroinflammation, bioenergetics metabolism, genetic contributions, neurovascular interactions. We summarize important discussion points emphasis research that are most innovative treatment neurodegeneration yet require further development. The is highlighted provides unique opportunities collaboration will lead efforts preventing ultimately loss.

Language: Английский

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Forsythoside A Mitigates Alzheimer's-like Pathology by Inhibiting Ferroptosis-mediated Neuroinflammation via Nrf2/GPX4 Axis Activation

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 2075 - 2090

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Ferroptosis and neuroinflammation play crucial roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Forsythoside A (FA), the main constituent of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl., possesses anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, neuroprotective properties. The present study aimed to investigate potential role FA AD neuropathology using male APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, Aβ1-42-exposed N2a cells, erastin-stimulated HT22 LPS-induced BV2 cells. treatment significantly improved mitochondrial function inhibited lipid peroxidation In LPS-stimulated decreased formation pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, NO. ameliorated memory cognitive impairments suppressed Aβ deposition p-tau levels brain. Analyses proteomics, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, western blot revealed that augmented dopaminergic signaling, iron peroxidation, prevented activation IKK/IκB/NF-κB reduced secretion factors, promoted production anti-inflammatory exerted anti-ferroptosis anti-neuroinflammatory effects Nrf2/GPX4 axis played a key these effects. Collectively, results demonstrate protective highlight its therapeutic as drug component for treatment.

Language: Английский

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Innate Immune Cell Death in Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s Disease

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1885 - 1885

Published: June 10, 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder molecularly characterized by the formation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and type 2 microtubule-associated protein (Tau) abnormalities. Multiple studies have shown that many brain’s immunological cells, specifically microglia astrocytes, are involved in AD pathogenesis. Cells innate immune system play an essential role eliminating pathogens but also regulate brain homeostasis AD. When activated, cells can cause programmed cell death through multiple pathways, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, PANoptosis. The often results release proinflammatory cytokines propagate response eliminate Aβ aggregated Tau proteins. However, chronic neuroinflammation, which result from death, has been linked to diseases worsen Therefore, must be tightly balanced appropriately clear these AD-related structural abnormalities without inducing neuroinflammation. In this review, we discuss responses, inflammatory cytokine secretion as they relate Therapeutic strategies targeting mechanisms will critical consider for future preventive or palliative treatments

Language: Английский

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Inflammatory Processes in Alzheimer’s Disease—Pathomechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 6518 - 6518

Published: March 30, 2023

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most commonly diagnosed cases senile dementia in world. It an incurable process, often leading to death. This multifactorial, and factor this inflammation. Numerous mediators secreted by inflammatory cells can cause neuronal degeneration. Neuritis may coexist with other mechanisms disease, contributing progression, also directly underlie AD. Although much has been established about processes pathogenesis AD, many aspects remain unexplained. The work devoted particular pathomechanism inflammation its role diagnosis treatment. An in-depth detailed understanding neuroinflammation help development diagnostic methods for early contribute new therapeutic strategies disease.

Language: Английский

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The role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: current understanding and future therapeutic targets

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 12, 2024

Neuroinflammation refers to a highly complicated reaction of the central nervous system (CNS) certain stimuli such as trauma, infection, and neurodegenerative diseases. This is cellular immune response whereby glial cells are activated, inflammatory mediators liberated reactive oxygen nitrogen species synthesized. key process that helps protect brain from pathogens, but inappropriate, or protracted inflammation yields pathological states Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s, Multiple Sclerosis, other disorders showcase various pathways neurodegeneration distributed in parts CNS. review reveals major neuroinflammatory signaling associated with neurodegeneration. Additionally, it explores promising therapeutic avenues, stem cell therapy, genetic intervention, nanoparticles, aiming regulate neuroinflammation potentially impede decelerate advancement these conditions. A comprehensive understanding intricate connection between diseases pivotal for development future treatment strategies can alleviate burden imposed by devastating disorders.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Progression

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 1869 - 1869

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Aging is the most prominent risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. associates with a chronic inflammatory state both in periphery and central nervous system, evidence thereof mechanisms leading to neuroinflammation being discussed. Nonetheless, significantly enhanced by accumulation of amyloid beta accelerates progression disease through various pathways discussed present review. Decades clinical trials targeting 2 abnormal proteins disease, tau, led many failures. As such, via different strategies could prove valuable therapeutic strategy, although much research still needed identify appropriate time window. Active focusing on identifying early biomarkers help translating these novel from bench bedside.

Language: Английский

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Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Neuroinflammation to Ca2+ Homeostasis Dysregulation

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(17), P. 2728 - 2728

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, with a complex, poorly understood pathogenesis. Cerebral atrophy, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles represent main pathological hallmarks AD brain. Recently, neuroinflammation has been recognized as prominent feature brain substantial evidence suggests that inflammatory response modulates progression. Additionally, dysregulation calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis represents another early factor involved in pathogenesis, intracellular Ca2+ concentration essential to ensure proper cellular neuronal functions. Although growing supports involvement mechanisms neurodegeneration-related processes, scant data are available on its contribution microglia astrocytes functioning, both health throughout continuum. Nevertheless, AD-related aberrant signalling crucially underpinning neuroinflammatory processes that, turn, impact function. In this light, we attempted provide an overview current understanding interactions between glia cells-mediated responses molecular AD.

Language: Английский

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