Helminths and Bacterial Microbiota: The Interactions of Two of Humans’ “Old Friends”

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(21), P. 13358 - 13358

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Humans have coexisted with helminths and bacteria for the entire existence of our species. Nowadays, helminth infections affect more than 1.9 billion people worldwide, especially in underdeveloped regions that lack optimal sanitary conditions. In addition, commensal microorganisms inhabit several compartments humans, including gastrointestinal tract, constituting what we know as microbiota. Helminths bacterial microbiota can interact various ways. this review, interactions between are analyzed both animal models humans. developing countries, gut exhibits high diversity, which could be linked to burden helminthiasis these areas. fact, studies show associated an increased diversity changes its composition. Interestingly, modify risk some diseases, such asthma, colitis, viral infections, metabolic Besides, is necessary establishment also influence evolution diseases. Specific taxa contribute resistance or susceptibility certain helminths. The mechanisms underlying helminth–microbiota not completely understood. More research address other unmet needs, considering available heterogeneous sometimes yield conflicting results.

Language: Английский

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Indoor microbiome and allergic diseases: From theoretical advances to prevention strategies

Eco-Environment & Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1(3), P. 133 - 146

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

The prevalence of allergic diseases, such as asthma, rhinitis, eczema, and sick building syndrome (SBS), has increased drastically in the past few decades. Current medications can only relieve symptoms but not cure these diseases whose development is suggested to be greatly impacted by indoor microbiome. However, no study comprehensively summarizes progress general rules field, impeding subsequent translational application. To close knowledge gaps between theoretical research practical application, we conducted a comprehensive literature review summarize epidemiological, environmental, molecular evidence microbiome studies. Epidemiological shows that potential protective microorganisms for asthma are mainly from phyla Actinobacteria Proteobacteria, risk Bacilli, Clostridia, Bacteroidia. Due extremely high microbial diversity geographic variation, different health-associated species/genera detected regions. Compared with composition, metabolites show more consistent associations health, including volatile organic compounds (MVOCs), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), indole derivatives, flavonoids. Therefore, could better indicator than taxa environmental assessments health outcome prediction. interaction characteristics (surrounding greenness, relative humidity, confinement, CO2 concentration) immunology effects (inflammatory cytokines pattern recognition receptors) briefly reviewed provide new insights disease prevention treatment. Widely used tools studies introduced facilitate standard practice precise identification health-related targets.

Language: Английский

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Allergic Inflammation: Effect of Propolis and Its Flavonoids

Molecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(19), P. 6694 - 6694

Published: Oct. 8, 2022

The incidence of allergic diseases and their complications are increasing worldwide. Today, people increasingly use natural products, which has been termed a “return to nature”. Natural products with healing properties, especially those obtained from plants bees, have used in the prevention treatment numerous chronic diseases, including allergy and/or inflammation. Propolis is multi-component resin rich flavonoids, collected transformed by honeybees buds plant wounds for construction adaptation nests. This article describes current views regarding possible mechanisms multiple benefits flavonoids combating allergy-related complications. These arise flavonoid anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, wound activities effects on microbe-immune system interactions developing host responses different allergens. Finally, this presents various aspects pathobiology molecular approaches treatment. Possible antiallergic action propolis microbiota digestive respiratory tracts skin as method selectively remove allergenic molecules process bacterial biotransformation also reported.

Language: Английский

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Parasites and childhood stunting – a mechanistic interplay with nutrition, anaemia, gut health, microbiota, and epigenetics

Trends in Parasitology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(3), P. 167 - 180

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Globally, stunting affects approximately 149.2 million children under 5 years of age. The underlying aetiology and pathophysiological mechanisms leading to remain elusive, therefore few effective treatment prevention strategies exist. Crucial evidence directly linking parasites is often lacking - in part due the complex nature stunting, as well a lack critical multidisciplinary research amongst key age groups. Here, based on available studies, we present potential mechanistic pathways by which parasitic infection mother and/or infant may lead childhood stunting. We highlight need for future longitudinal studies clinical trials aimed at elucidating most influential factors, synergies therein, that can ultimately towards finding solutions successfully mitigate against it.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Environmental Exposure on Epigenetic Modifications in Allergic Diseases

Medicina, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(1), P. 110 - 110

Published: Jan. 7, 2024

Allergic diseases are one of the most common chronic conditions and their prevalence is on rise. Environmental exposure, primarily prenatal early life influences, affect risk for development specific phenotypes allergic via epigenetic mechanisms. Exposure to pollutants, microorganisms parasites, tobacco smoke certain aspects diet known drive changes that essential immune regulation (e.g., shift toward T helper 2-Th2 cell polarization decrease in regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation). DNA methylation histone modifications can modify programming related either pro-allergic interleukin 4 (IL-4), 13 (IL-13) or counter-regulatory interferon γ (IFN-γ) production. Differential expression small non-coding RNAs has also been linked associated with air pollution. Certain exposures mechanisms play a role susceptibility clinical manifestations disease, while others thought have protective against diseases, such as maternal postnatal microbial diversity, helminth infections dietary supplementation polyunsaturated fatty acids vitamin D. Epigenetic be involved mediating response treatment example, acetylation proinflammatory genes microRNAs inhaled corticosteroids asthma. Gaining better insight into may ultimately lead significant improvements management these conditions, earlier more precise diagnostics, optimization current regimes, implementation novel therapeutic options prevention strategies near future.

Language: Английский

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The Environmental Microbiome, Allergic Disease, and Asthma

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. 2206 - 2217.e1

Published: June 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Translating the Biology of Adversity and Resilience Into New Measures for Pediatric Practice

PEDIATRICS, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 149(6)

Published: May 10, 2022

As the science of adversity and resilience advances, public awareness health consequences stress grows, primary care providers are being increasingly asked to address effects adverse experiences on child wellbeing. Given limited tools for assessing these early in life, authors explore how enhanced capacity measure activation directly young children could transform role scope pediatric practice. When employed within a trusted relationship between caregivers clinicians, selective use biological measures responses would help documented limitations rating scales childhood as indicator individual risk strengthen ability focus variation intervention needs, assess their effectiveness, guide ongoing management. The provide an overview potential benefits risks such expanded measurement capacity, well introduction candidate indicators that might be office setting. ultimate value both pediatricians parents will require vigilant attention ethical responsibilities assuring correct interpretation minimizing harm inappropriate labeling, especially families experiencing hardships threats racism, poverty, other structural inequities. Whereas much work remains done advance development ensure its equitable use, validated markers impact lives facing significant demands increased attention.

Language: Английский

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Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation: Epigenetic Effects on Infants’ Immune System in Food Allergy

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1766 - 1766

Published: April 23, 2022

Food allergies are an increasing health problem worldwide. They multifactorial diseases, in which the genome alone does not explain development of disease, but a genetic predisposition and various environmental factors contribute to their onset. Environmental factors, particular nutritional early stages life recognized as key elements etiology food allergies. There is growing evidence advising that nutrition can affect risk developing through epigenetic mechanisms elicited by themselves or modulating gut microbiota its functional products. Gut postbiotics turn influence allergy mechanisms. Epigenetic programming accounts only for short-term effects on individual’s status, also those observed adulthood. The first thousand days represent important window susceptibility including ones, From this point view, it represents interesting opportunity intervention. This review reports main immune oral tolerance modulation

Language: Английский

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MIR222HG attenuates macrophage M2 polarization and allergic inflammation in allergic rhinitis by targeting the miR146a-5p/TRAF6/NF-κB axis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 2, 2023

Although M2 macrophages are involved in the orchestration of type 2 inflammation allergic diseases, mechanisms underlying non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-mediated macrophage polarization rhinitis (AR) have not been systematically understood. Here, we identified long (lncRNA) MIR222HG as a key regulator and revealed its role AR. Consistent with our bioinformatic analysis GSE165934 dataset derived from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, lncRNA-MIR222HG murine mir222hg were downregulated clinical samples animal models AR, respectively. Mir222hg was upregulated M1 macrophages. The allergen-ovalbumin facilitated RAW264.7 cells to phenotype, accompanied by downregulation expression dose-dependent manner. facilitates reverses caused ovalbumin. Furthermore, attenuates AR mouse model. Mechanistically, series gain- loss-of-function experiments rescue performed verify ceRNA sponge that adsorbed miR146a-5p, Traf6, activated IKK/IκB/P65 pathway. Collectively, data highlight remarkable modulation inflammation, well potential novel biomarker or therapeutic target.

Language: Английский

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The impact of maternal immune activation on embryonic brain development

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: March 6, 2023

The adult brain is a complex structure with distinct functional sub-regions, which are generated from an initial pool of neural epithelial cells within the embryo. This transition requires number highly coordinated processes, including neurogenesis, i.e., generation neurons, and neuronal migration. These take place during critical period development, particularly susceptible to environmental insults. Neurogenesis defects have been associated pathogenesis neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism spectrum disorder schizophrenia. However, these multifactorial etiologies, hence underlying mechanisms leading aberrant neurogenesis continue be focus significant research effort yet established. Evidence epidemiological studies suggests that exposure maternal infection in utero risk factor for NDDs. To establish biological linking immune activation (MIA) altered neurodevelopment, animal models developed allow experimental manipulation investigation different developmental stages development following MIA. Here, we review changes embryonic focusing on migration cortical lamination, Across published studies, found evidence acute proliferation defect MIA brain, which, most cases, linked acceleration demonstrated by increased proportion neurogenic proliferative divisions. accompanied disrupted density deep layer may consequence premature shift. Although many aspects pathways remain unclear, epigenome mitochondrial dysfunction likely underpinning model. Further necessary delineate causative responsible variation phenotype MIA, due differences timing induction well sex-dependent variation. will help better understand NDDs, therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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